目的:动态分析食管癌患者放疗期间体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及体成分的变化,以期更好地为此类患者提供营养支持方案。方法:选取32例食管癌患者入组,放疗期间动态行体成分测定,包括机体总含水量(total body water,TBW)、蛋白质、矿...目的:动态分析食管癌患者放疗期间体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及体成分的变化,以期更好地为此类患者提供营养支持方案。方法:选取32例食管癌患者入组,放疗期间动态行体成分测定,包括机体总含水量(total body water,TBW)、蛋白质、矿物质、机体脂肪含量(body fat mass,BFM)、机体骨骼肌含量(skeletal muscle mass,SMM)。动态分析食管癌患者放疗期间不同时间点BMI与机体组成成分的相关性。结果:放疗开始后患者的TBW、蛋白质、BFM、SMM均开始逐渐下降,BMI与BFM明显相关( P <0.01),与矿物质含量的相关性最不明显。结论:食管癌患者放疗期间机体组成中的蛋白质、水分、脂肪、肌肉都明显下降;BMI下降主要由体脂含量下降所致,适当增加膳食脂肪含量有助于提高其放疗耐受性及生存质量。展开更多
This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,seru...This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,serum hormones and tissue Cr in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy male SD rats (average initial body weight of (83.2±4.4) g) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (n=10). At the end of the trial,body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). All rats were then sacrificed to collect samples of blood,organs and tissues for determination of serum hormones and tissue Cr contents. The results indicated that lean body mass was significantly increased (P<0.05) due to the addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr from CrNano. Supplementation of 150,300,450,and 600 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) percent body fat significantly. Average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by addition of 75,150,and 300 ppb Cr and feed efficiency was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of 75,300,and 450 ppb Cr. Addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) the insulin level in serum greatly. Cr contents in liver and kidney were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the addition of Cr as CrNano in the dosage of from 150 ppb to 1 200 ppb. In addition,Supplementation of 300,450,and 600 ppb Cr significantly increased (P<0.05) Cr content in the hind leg muscle. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on growth performance and body composition,and increases tissue Cr concentration in selected muscles.展开更多
Inorganic carbon, the great part of the riverine carbon exported to the ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and ultimately impacts the coupled carbon-climate system. An overview was made on both ...Inorganic carbon, the great part of the riverine carbon exported to the ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and ultimately impacts the coupled carbon-climate system. An overview was made on both methods and results of the riverine inorganic carbon researches. In addition to routine in situ survey, measurement and calculation, the direct precipitation method and the gas evolution technique were commonly used to analyze dissolved inorganic carbon in natural water samples. Soil CO2, carbonate minerals and atmospheric CO2 incorporated into riverine inorganic car- bon pool via different means, with bicarbonate ion being the dominant component. The concentration of inorganic carbon, the composition of carbon isotopes （8^13C and △^14C）, and their temporal or spatial variations in the streams were controlled by carbon input, output and changes of carbon biogeochemistry within the riverine system. More accurate flux es- timation, better understanding of different influential processes, and quantitative determination of various inputs or outputs need to be well researched in future.展开更多
The experiment was conducted during the short dry and the short rainy seasons in 2008. A botanical inventory and relative frequencies of forage selected by Djallonke sheep grazing were developed by observation and han...The experiment was conducted during the short dry and the short rainy seasons in 2008. A botanical inventory and relative frequencies of forage selected by Djallonke sheep grazing were developed by observation and hand-plucking. Chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility （IVOMD） of hand-plucked material was determined. From July to October, woody plants are a major component of the sheep diet. Sheep selected 40 woody plants and 21 species of herbaceous. During the dry season, grazing occurred more frequently in the fallows. The most frequent woody species belonged to Elaeis guineensis and Fagara zanthoxyloides. At the rainy season, a high proportion of Panicum maximum and Eleucine indica were sampled. Crude protein was high in woody leaves at the dry season. Crude fibre were more variable in herbaceous than in woody and herbaceous were generally higher in the levels of fibre. Chromolaena odorata, Citrus sinensis, Vitex doniana were very high in IVOMD. Spondias mombin, Moringa oleifera, Persea americana, Psidium guajava, Dialium guineense presented lowest values in IVOMD. Among herbaceous, Andropogon gayanus and Panicum maximum still presented a high value of IVOMD at the dry season. High proteins suggest woody with potential as nitrogen supplements to ruminants fed low quality forage during the dry season.展开更多
水是一种重要的营养素，是生命体发生发展的基础，也是人体内含量最多的物质。一、水的生理功能水是构成人体组织和细胞的重要成分，人体内水分总量通常称作体水总量（total body water，TBW）。年龄、性别、机体成分均可造成个体间TBW...水是一种重要的营养素，是生命体发生发展的基础，也是人体内含量最多的物质。一、水的生理功能水是构成人体组织和细胞的重要成分，人体内水分总量通常称作体水总量（total body water，TBW）。年龄、性别、机体成分均可造成个体间TBW的差异。新生儿体内含水量最多，平均占体重的74％[1]，随着年龄的增加，TBW降低，直至成人期，体内含水量占体重的60％，达到一个相对稳定的状态。展开更多
文摘目的:动态分析食管癌患者放疗期间体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及体成分的变化,以期更好地为此类患者提供营养支持方案。方法:选取32例食管癌患者入组,放疗期间动态行体成分测定,包括机体总含水量(total body water,TBW)、蛋白质、矿物质、机体脂肪含量(body fat mass,BFM)、机体骨骼肌含量(skeletal muscle mass,SMM)。动态分析食管癌患者放疗期间不同时间点BMI与机体组成成分的相关性。结果:放疗开始后患者的TBW、蛋白质、BFM、SMM均开始逐渐下降,BMI与BFM明显相关( P <0.01),与矿物质含量的相关性最不明显。结论:食管癌患者放疗期间机体组成中的蛋白质、水分、脂肪、肌肉都明显下降;BMI下降主要由体脂含量下降所致,适当增加膳食脂肪含量有助于提高其放疗耐受性及生存质量。
基金Project (No.30400317) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This 6-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0,75,150,300,450,600,and 1200 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth,body composition,serum hormones and tissue Cr in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy male SD rats (average initial body weight of (83.2±4.4) g) were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (n=10). At the end of the trial,body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). All rats were then sacrificed to collect samples of blood,organs and tissues for determination of serum hormones and tissue Cr contents. The results indicated that lean body mass was significantly increased (P<0.05) due to the addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr from CrNano. Supplementation of 150,300,450,and 600 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) percent body fat significantly. Average daily gain was increased (P<0.05) by addition of 75,150,and 300 ppb Cr and feed efficiency was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of 75,300,and 450 ppb Cr. Addition of 300 and 450 ppb Cr decreased (P<0.05) the insulin level in serum greatly. Cr contents in liver and kidney were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the addition of Cr as CrNano in the dosage of from 150 ppb to 1 200 ppb. In addition,Supplementation of 300,450,and 600 ppb Cr significantly increased (P<0.05) Cr content in the hind leg muscle. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on growth performance and body composition,and increases tissue Cr concentration in selected muscles.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40471120), the Specialized ResearchFund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20040558025), the '985 Project' of GIS and Remote Sensing for Geo-sciences from the Ministry of Education of China (No. 105203200400006), and the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Founda-tion (No. 031548)
文摘Inorganic carbon, the great part of the riverine carbon exported to the ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and ultimately impacts the coupled carbon-climate system. An overview was made on both methods and results of the riverine inorganic carbon researches. In addition to routine in situ survey, measurement and calculation, the direct precipitation method and the gas evolution technique were commonly used to analyze dissolved inorganic carbon in natural water samples. Soil CO2, carbonate minerals and atmospheric CO2 incorporated into riverine inorganic car- bon pool via different means, with bicarbonate ion being the dominant component. The concentration of inorganic carbon, the composition of carbon isotopes （8^13C and △^14C）, and their temporal or spatial variations in the streams were controlled by carbon input, output and changes of carbon biogeochemistry within the riverine system. More accurate flux es- timation, better understanding of different influential processes, and quantitative determination of various inputs or outputs need to be well researched in future.
文摘The experiment was conducted during the short dry and the short rainy seasons in 2008. A botanical inventory and relative frequencies of forage selected by Djallonke sheep grazing were developed by observation and hand-plucking. Chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility （IVOMD） of hand-plucked material was determined. From July to October, woody plants are a major component of the sheep diet. Sheep selected 40 woody plants and 21 species of herbaceous. During the dry season, grazing occurred more frequently in the fallows. The most frequent woody species belonged to Elaeis guineensis and Fagara zanthoxyloides. At the rainy season, a high proportion of Panicum maximum and Eleucine indica were sampled. Crude protein was high in woody leaves at the dry season. Crude fibre were more variable in herbaceous than in woody and herbaceous were generally higher in the levels of fibre. Chromolaena odorata, Citrus sinensis, Vitex doniana were very high in IVOMD. Spondias mombin, Moringa oleifera, Persea americana, Psidium guajava, Dialium guineense presented lowest values in IVOMD. Among herbaceous, Andropogon gayanus and Panicum maximum still presented a high value of IVOMD at the dry season. High proteins suggest woody with potential as nitrogen supplements to ruminants fed low quality forage during the dry season.
文摘水是一种重要的营养素，是生命体发生发展的基础，也是人体内含量最多的物质。一、水的生理功能水是构成人体组织和细胞的重要成分，人体内水分总量通常称作体水总量（total body water，TBW）。年龄、性别、机体成分均可造成个体间TBW的差异。新生儿体内含水量最多，平均占体重的74％[1]，随着年龄的增加，TBW降低，直至成人期，体内含水量占体重的60％，达到一个相对稳定的状态。
