在形态分类的基础上,用筛选出的15个随机引物对弯孢属斑点组(M acu lans group)内一些相似种,疑难种间及部分种内23个菌株进行了RAPD分析.结果显示,相似种和疑难种从树状聚类图上可以明确区分,与形态上的鉴定结果一致,说明了从形态上对...在形态分类的基础上,用筛选出的15个随机引物对弯孢属斑点组(M acu lans group)内一些相似种,疑难种间及部分种内23个菌株进行了RAPD分析.结果显示,相似种和疑难种从树状聚类图上可以明确区分,与形态上的鉴定结果一致,说明了从形态上对这几个种鉴定的准确性;RAPD分析可以作为区分弯孢属相近种及明确疑难种分类地位的一种简便有效的手段;画眉草弯孢和间型弯孢种内存在较大的遗传分化,个别菌株如CU767和其他种聚在一起,其分类地位有待于进一步确定.展开更多
Dendrimer-like amphiphilic copolymer is a kind of three-dimensional spherical structure polymer. An amphiphilic dendrimer-like diblock copolymer, PEEGE-G2-b-PEO（OH）12, constituted of a hydrophobic poly（ethoxyethyl ...Dendrimer-like amphiphilic copolymer is a kind of three-dimensional spherical structure polymer. An amphiphilic dendrimer-like diblock copolymer, PEEGE-G2-b-PEO（OH）12, constituted of a hydrophobic poly（ethoxyethyl glycidol ether） inner core and a hydrophilic poly（ethylene oxide） outer layer, has been successfully synthesized by the living anionic ring-opening polymerization method. The intermediates and targeted products were charac-terized with 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The application on drug delivery of dendrimer-like diblock copolymer PEEGE-G2-b-PEO（OH）12 using DOX as a model drug was also studied. The drug loading content and encapsulation e ciency were found at 13.07% and 45.75%, respectively. In vitro release experiment results indicated that the drug-loaded micelles exhibited a sustained release behavior under acidic media.展开更多
Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that ...Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being done to the previous and in future study. Hence, the varieties that are extinct could be recognised.展开更多
Most clustering algorithms need to describe the similarity of objects by a predefined distance function. Three distance functions which are widely used in two traditional clustering algorithms k-means and hierarchical...Most clustering algorithms need to describe the similarity of objects by a predefined distance function. Three distance functions which are widely used in two traditional clustering algorithms k-means and hierarchical clustering were investigated. Both theoretical analysis and detailed experimental results were given. It is shown that a distance function greatly affects clustering results and can be used to detect the outlier of a cluster by the comparison of such different results and give the shape information of clusters. In practice situation, it is suggested to use different distance function separately, compare the clustering results and pick out the 搒wing points? And such points may leak out more information for data analysts.展开更多
文摘在形态分类的基础上,用筛选出的15个随机引物对弯孢属斑点组(M acu lans group)内一些相似种,疑难种间及部分种内23个菌株进行了RAPD分析.结果显示,相似种和疑难种从树状聚类图上可以明确区分,与形态上的鉴定结果一致,说明了从形态上对这几个种鉴定的准确性;RAPD分析可以作为区分弯孢属相近种及明确疑难种分类地位的一种简便有效的手段;画眉草弯孢和间型弯孢种内存在较大的遗传分化,个别菌株如CU767和其他种聚在一起,其分类地位有待于进一步确定.
文摘Dendrimer-like amphiphilic copolymer is a kind of three-dimensional spherical structure polymer. An amphiphilic dendrimer-like diblock copolymer, PEEGE-G2-b-PEO（OH）12, constituted of a hydrophobic poly（ethoxyethyl glycidol ether） inner core and a hydrophilic poly（ethylene oxide） outer layer, has been successfully synthesized by the living anionic ring-opening polymerization method. The intermediates and targeted products were charac-terized with 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The application on drug delivery of dendrimer-like diblock copolymer PEEGE-G2-b-PEO（OH）12 using DOX as a model drug was also studied. The drug loading content and encapsulation e ciency were found at 13.07% and 45.75%, respectively. In vitro release experiment results indicated that the drug-loaded micelles exhibited a sustained release behavior under acidic media.
文摘Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being done to the previous and in future study. Hence, the varieties that are extinct could be recognised.
文摘Most clustering algorithms need to describe the similarity of objects by a predefined distance function. Three distance functions which are widely used in two traditional clustering algorithms k-means and hierarchical clustering were investigated. Both theoretical analysis and detailed experimental results were given. It is shown that a distance function greatly affects clustering results and can be used to detect the outlier of a cluster by the comparison of such different results and give the shape information of clusters. In practice situation, it is suggested to use different distance function separately, compare the clustering results and pick out the 搒wing points? And such points may leak out more information for data analysts.
