网络平台单方变更合同具有普遍性和频繁性。由于平台服务协议的变更性、非显著性、免费性等特点,既有格式条款规制制度难以发挥效用。《电子商务法》确立了平台单方合同变更权与相对方单方合同解除权,网络平台方的单方解除权应认定为约...网络平台单方变更合同具有普遍性和频繁性。由于平台服务协议的变更性、非显著性、免费性等特点,既有格式条款规制制度难以发挥效用。《电子商务法》确立了平台单方合同变更权与相对方单方合同解除权,网络平台方的单方解除权应认定为约定单方解除权。但网络平台格式条款的单方变更权缺乏抑制,需要分类分级设置网络平台的特殊提示义务,规定用户合同解除权的适用条件及法律后果,提供合理退出机制,对变更条款设立解释规则,以及制定变更条款负面清单制度,以公平原则兜底,以实现对网络平台单方变更权的法律规制。The unilateral modification of contracts by online platforms is common and frequent. Due to the characteristics of platform service agreements, such as their mutability, non-prominence, and free-of-charge nature, the existing regulatory system for standard clause fails to exert its effectiveness. The Electronic Commerce Law establishes the right of online platforms to unilaterally modify contracts and the right of counterparties to unilaterally terminate contracts. The unilateral termination right of online platforms should be recognized as an agreed-upon unilateral termination right. However, the unilateral modification right of online platform standard clause lacks restraint. It is necessary to establish special notification obligations for online platforms based on classification and grading, stipulate the applicable conditions and legal consequences of users’ contract termination rights, provide reasonable exit mechanisms, establish interpretation rules for modified terms, and formulate a negative list system for modified terms. These measures should be underpinned by the principle of fairness to achieve legal regulation of online platforms’ unilateral modification rights.展开更多
房地产行业的日渐发展,基于对效率与便捷考量,格式条款在房地产领域为提高效率而广泛被需要。在房开公司与顾客商品房买卖合同中一般都是依据房开公司提供的合同所签订,格式条款的使用已经成为一种普遍现象。在简化操作流程、增强服务...房地产行业的日渐发展,基于对效率与便捷考量,格式条款在房地产领域为提高效率而广泛被需要。在房开公司与顾客商品房买卖合同中一般都是依据房开公司提供的合同所签订,格式条款的使用已经成为一种普遍现象。在简化操作流程、增强服务效能以及加速业务周转方面,此类条款展现出显著的正面效应。然而,这种变革也在一定程度上对传统的契约自由模式产生了影响,带来了新的挑战与调整需求。开发商利用自身优势地位,在购房合同或者补充协议中设置对购房者不公平、不合理、不对等的格式条款,企图转嫁合同风险、规避法律责任的现象屡见不鲜,严重侵害购房者的合法权益。The real estate industry is developing day by day, based on the efficiency and convenience considerations, the form clause in the real estate field to improve efficiency and widely needed. In the residential development companies’ contracts for the sale and purchase of commercial housing, it is generally the case that the contracts are signed based on those provided by the residential development company, and the use of standardized clauses has become a common phenomenon. Such clauses have demonstrated significant positive effects in simplifying operational procedures, enhancing service efficiency, and accelerating business turnover. Developers take advantage of their advantageous position, in the purchase contract or supplemental agreement set up for the buyer unfair, unreasonable, unequal format terms, attempt to transfer the contract risk, avoid legal responsibility which is not uncommon, a serious infringement of the legitimate rights and interests of the buyer.展开更多
大数据带来信息技术和网络高速发展的同时也导致网络平台隐私政策侵权事件频发。通过对网络平台隐私政策的概念、功能、性质以及其格式条款属性的研究,以格式条款为视角,进一步探讨隐私政策格式条款的特殊性以及隐私政策格式条款规制的...大数据带来信息技术和网络高速发展的同时也导致网络平台隐私政策侵权事件频发。通过对网络平台隐私政策的概念、功能、性质以及其格式条款属性的研究,以格式条款为视角,进一步探讨隐私政策格式条款的特殊性以及隐私政策格式条款规制的原则和规则。最后,将网络平台隐私政策的效力分为不成立、无效以及可撤销三种情形,基于现有的相关法律规定,探讨其可行性,并做出进一步的讨论,以在侵权责任请求权路径之外为网络用户提供一个新的救济路径选择。Big data has brought about the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, but it has also led to frequent incidents of infringement of privacy policies of online platforms. Through the study of the concept, function, nature, and format attributes of privacy policies on online platforms, from the perspective of format clauses, this paper further explores the particularity of privacy policy format clauses and the principles and rules of privacy policy format clause regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of privacy policies on online platforms is divided into three situations: non-establishment, invalidity, and revocability. Based on existing relevant legal provisions, the feasibility of these situations is explored, and further discussions are made to provide a new relief path for online users beyond the path of infringement liability claims.展开更多
文摘网络平台单方变更合同具有普遍性和频繁性。由于平台服务协议的变更性、非显著性、免费性等特点,既有格式条款规制制度难以发挥效用。《电子商务法》确立了平台单方合同变更权与相对方单方合同解除权,网络平台方的单方解除权应认定为约定单方解除权。但网络平台格式条款的单方变更权缺乏抑制,需要分类分级设置网络平台的特殊提示义务,规定用户合同解除权的适用条件及法律后果,提供合理退出机制,对变更条款设立解释规则,以及制定变更条款负面清单制度,以公平原则兜底,以实现对网络平台单方变更权的法律规制。The unilateral modification of contracts by online platforms is common and frequent. Due to the characteristics of platform service agreements, such as their mutability, non-prominence, and free-of-charge nature, the existing regulatory system for standard clause fails to exert its effectiveness. The Electronic Commerce Law establishes the right of online platforms to unilaterally modify contracts and the right of counterparties to unilaterally terminate contracts. The unilateral termination right of online platforms should be recognized as an agreed-upon unilateral termination right. However, the unilateral modification right of online platform standard clause lacks restraint. It is necessary to establish special notification obligations for online platforms based on classification and grading, stipulate the applicable conditions and legal consequences of users’ contract termination rights, provide reasonable exit mechanisms, establish interpretation rules for modified terms, and formulate a negative list system for modified terms. These measures should be underpinned by the principle of fairness to achieve legal regulation of online platforms’ unilateral modification rights.
文摘房地产行业的日渐发展,基于对效率与便捷考量,格式条款在房地产领域为提高效率而广泛被需要。在房开公司与顾客商品房买卖合同中一般都是依据房开公司提供的合同所签订,格式条款的使用已经成为一种普遍现象。在简化操作流程、增强服务效能以及加速业务周转方面,此类条款展现出显著的正面效应。然而,这种变革也在一定程度上对传统的契约自由模式产生了影响,带来了新的挑战与调整需求。开发商利用自身优势地位,在购房合同或者补充协议中设置对购房者不公平、不合理、不对等的格式条款,企图转嫁合同风险、规避法律责任的现象屡见不鲜,严重侵害购房者的合法权益。The real estate industry is developing day by day, based on the efficiency and convenience considerations, the form clause in the real estate field to improve efficiency and widely needed. In the residential development companies’ contracts for the sale and purchase of commercial housing, it is generally the case that the contracts are signed based on those provided by the residential development company, and the use of standardized clauses has become a common phenomenon. Such clauses have demonstrated significant positive effects in simplifying operational procedures, enhancing service efficiency, and accelerating business turnover. Developers take advantage of their advantageous position, in the purchase contract or supplemental agreement set up for the buyer unfair, unreasonable, unequal format terms, attempt to transfer the contract risk, avoid legal responsibility which is not uncommon, a serious infringement of the legitimate rights and interests of the buyer.
文摘大数据带来信息技术和网络高速发展的同时也导致网络平台隐私政策侵权事件频发。通过对网络平台隐私政策的概念、功能、性质以及其格式条款属性的研究,以格式条款为视角,进一步探讨隐私政策格式条款的特殊性以及隐私政策格式条款规制的原则和规则。最后,将网络平台隐私政策的效力分为不成立、无效以及可撤销三种情形,基于现有的相关法律规定,探讨其可行性,并做出进一步的讨论,以在侵权责任请求权路径之外为网络用户提供一个新的救济路径选择。Big data has brought about the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, but it has also led to frequent incidents of infringement of privacy policies of online platforms. Through the study of the concept, function, nature, and format attributes of privacy policies on online platforms, from the perspective of format clauses, this paper further explores the particularity of privacy policy format clauses and the principles and rules of privacy policy format clause regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of privacy policies on online platforms is divided into three situations: non-establishment, invalidity, and revocability. Based on existing relevant legal provisions, the feasibility of these situations is explored, and further discussions are made to provide a new relief path for online users beyond the path of infringement liability claims.
