Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis tha...Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by using cDNA an-ay and found that stress responsive genes, such as,Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinase 1 (ATMEKK1), ReL/SpoT homolog 3 ( At-RSH3), Catalase 1 ( Cat1) and Ferritin 1 (Fer1), were down-regulated by auxin, indicating that auxin regulates ale expression of stress responsive genes. We also demonstrated that nitrilase genes, nitrilase I ( NIT]) and nitrilase 2 (NIT2) involving in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, were induced by salinity stress, suggesting that the level of IAA might increase in response to salinity stress. To dissect the signal pathway involved in the interaction, two auxin insensitive mutants, auxin resistant 2 (axr2) and auxin resistant 1-3 (axrl-3) were used. Stress responsive genes were induced by salt stress in wild type and axr2, but not in axr1-3. The result suggests that die interaction between auxin and stress responses may be linked in the ubiquitin pathway.展开更多
In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, ...In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna ung...An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna unguiculata）, Chickpea （Citer arietinum） and Arhor （Cajanus cajan） in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, in a Randomized Block Design. Results suggested that leaf litters ofL. leucocephala induced inhibitory effects on germination and growth of bioassay. It was also found that the effect depended on concentration of extract and litterfall, type of receptor species. Higher concentration of the materials had the higher effect and vice versa. Growth response of receptor crops varied with the variation of leaf litter application. The study revealed that application of low-dose leaf litter specially litter of 10 g·m^-2 had stimulating effect on shoot growth of C. arietinum, Vunguiculata and A. procera. While in all other cases significant inhibitory effect was observed and it was significantly increased with the increase of leaf litter application. However, the trend of inhibition was uneven with treatments. Root growth was found to be more affected than shoot growth.展开更多
The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, ...The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.展开更多
Phenolic acids are very common compounds in pedosphere. Theobjective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge ofthe behaviors of phenolic acids in plant-soil microbe system. Whenphenolic acids originated ...Phenolic acids are very common compounds in pedosphere. Theobjective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge ofthe behaviors of phenolic acids in plant-soil microbe system. Whenphenolic acids originated form leaching, decomposition and exudationof living and dead plant tissues enter soils, they can reactphysiochemically with soil particle surfaces and/or incorporate intohumic matter. Phenolic acids desorbed from soil particle surfaces andremained in solution phase can be utilized by microbe as carbonsources and absorbed by plants.展开更多
A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results s...A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stageS and chemical compounds added. The plant height and the root weight were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interiction in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl_2 and CdCl_2 added. However, the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly effected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)_2 and CdCl_2. The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage. It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice.展开更多
Visual prostheses are now entering the clinical marketplace. Such prostheses were originally targeted for patients suff ering from blindness through retinitis pigmentosa(RP). However, in late July of this year, for th...Visual prostheses are now entering the clinical marketplace. Such prostheses were originally targeted for patients suff ering from blindness through retinitis pigmentosa(RP). However, in late July of this year, for the first time a patient was given a retinal implant in order to treat dry agerelated macular degeneration. Retinal implants are suitable solutions for diseases that attack photoreceptors but spare most of the remaining retinal neurons. For eye diseases that result in loss of retinal output, implants that interface with more central structures in the visual system are needed. The standard site for central visual prostheses under development is the visual cortex. This perspective discusses the technical and socioeconomic challenges faced by visual prostheses.展开更多
In aquatic ecosystems, macrophytes and phytoplankton are main primary producers, in which macrophyte plays an important role in maintaining clear water state, while phytoplankton often dominates in turbid waterbodies....In aquatic ecosystems, macrophytes and phytoplankton are main primary producers, in which macrophyte plays an important role in maintaining clear water state, while phytoplankton often dominates in turbid waterbodies. In the present study, the growth and photosynthetic activity of the submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum oryzetorum Kom. in different cell densities of cyanobacterial bloom are studied. The results show that the plant length and fresh mass of C. oryzetorum are promoted by low cyanobacterial cell densities. Medium and high cyanobacterial cell densities, on the contrary, act as inhibitory. Furthermore, the photosynthetic activity of C. oryzetorum is strongly inhibited by high cyanobacterial cell densities. To a certain extent, the growth of cyanobacteria is inhibited by C. oryzetorurn, but no significant effect is found in this study.展开更多
AIM:To clarify the protective effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on hypothermically preserved rat livers. METHODS:Establishment of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion model,detection of nucleotides in...AIM:To clarify the protective effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on hypothermically preserved rat livers. METHODS:Establishment of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion model,detection of nucleotides in hepatocytes with HPLC,measurement of activities of LDH and AST in the perfusate,observation of histopathological changes in different experiment groups,and autoradiography were carried out to reveal the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of ATP. RESULTS:The intracellular levels of ATP and EC decreased rapidly after hypothermic preservation in control group,while a higher ATP and EC level,and a slower decreasing rate were observed when ATP-MgCl_2 was added to the perfusate (P<0.01).As compared with the control group,the activities of LDH and AST in the ATP-MgCl_2 group were lower(P<0.05). Furthermore,more severe hepatocyte damage and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the control group.Radioactive [α-^(32)P]ATP entered the hypothermically preserved rat hepatocytes. CONCLUSION:Exogenous ATP has a protective effect on rat livers during hypothermical preservation.However,Mg^(2+) is indispensable,addition of ATP alone produces no protective effect.The underlying mechanism may be that exogenous ATP enters the hypothermically preserved rat liver cells.展开更多
文摘Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by using cDNA an-ay and found that stress responsive genes, such as,Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinase 1 (ATMEKK1), ReL/SpoT homolog 3 ( At-RSH3), Catalase 1 ( Cat1) and Ferritin 1 (Fer1), were down-regulated by auxin, indicating that auxin regulates ale expression of stress responsive genes. We also demonstrated that nitrilase genes, nitrilase I ( NIT]) and nitrilase 2 (NIT2) involving in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, were induced by salinity stress, suggesting that the level of IAA might increase in response to salinity stress. To dissect the signal pathway involved in the interaction, two auxin insensitive mutants, auxin resistant 2 (axr2) and auxin resistant 1-3 (axrl-3) were used. Stress responsive genes were induced by salt stress in wild type and axr2, but not in axr1-3. The result suggests that die interaction between auxin and stress responses may be linked in the ubiquitin pathway.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(201303112)the 12th National Five-year Plan for Science and Technology Program of Rural Areas(2012BAD02B03-17)~~
文摘In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.
文摘An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna unguiculata）, Chickpea （Citer arietinum） and Arhor （Cajanus cajan） in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, in a Randomized Block Design. Results suggested that leaf litters ofL. leucocephala induced inhibitory effects on germination and growth of bioassay. It was also found that the effect depended on concentration of extract and litterfall, type of receptor species. Higher concentration of the materials had the higher effect and vice versa. Growth response of receptor crops varied with the variation of leaf litter application. The study revealed that application of low-dose leaf litter specially litter of 10 g·m^-2 had stimulating effect on shoot growth of C. arietinum, Vunguiculata and A. procera. While in all other cases significant inhibitory effect was observed and it was significantly increased with the increase of leaf litter application. However, the trend of inhibition was uneven with treatments. Root growth was found to be more affected than shoot growth.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40730846 40521003)
文摘The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.
基金Project (No. 5015103) supported by the Laboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Phenolic acids are very common compounds in pedosphere. Theobjective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge ofthe behaviors of phenolic acids in plant-soil microbe system. Whenphenolic acids originated form leaching, decomposition and exudationof living and dead plant tissues enter soils, they can reactphysiochemically with soil particle surfaces and/or incorporate intohumic matter. Phenolic acids desorbed from soil particle surfaces andremained in solution phase can be utilized by microbe as carbonsources and absorbed by plants.
文摘A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stageS and chemical compounds added. The plant height and the root weight were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interiction in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl_2 and CdCl_2 added. However, the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly effected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)_2 and CdCl_2. The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage. It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice.
基金the National Priorities Research Program (NPRP) (NPRP 5-457-2-181) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)
文摘Visual prostheses are now entering the clinical marketplace. Such prostheses were originally targeted for patients suff ering from blindness through retinitis pigmentosa(RP). However, in late July of this year, for the first time a patient was given a retinal implant in order to treat dry agerelated macular degeneration. Retinal implants are suitable solutions for diseases that attack photoreceptors but spare most of the remaining retinal neurons. For eye diseases that result in loss of retinal output, implants that interface with more central structures in the visual system are needed. The standard site for central visual prostheses under development is the visual cortex. This perspective discusses the technical and socioeconomic challenges faced by visual prostheses.
基金Supported by the Innovation Project of CAS (No.KZCX2-YW-426)a Provincial Project of Hubei (No. 2006AA305A0402)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2002CB 412306)
文摘In aquatic ecosystems, macrophytes and phytoplankton are main primary producers, in which macrophyte plays an important role in maintaining clear water state, while phytoplankton often dominates in turbid waterbodies. In the present study, the growth and photosynthetic activity of the submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum oryzetorum Kom. in different cell densities of cyanobacterial bloom are studied. The results show that the plant length and fresh mass of C. oryzetorum are promoted by low cyanobacterial cell densities. Medium and high cyanobacterial cell densities, on the contrary, act as inhibitory. Furthermore, the photosynthetic activity of C. oryzetorum is strongly inhibited by high cyanobacterial cell densities. To a certain extent, the growth of cyanobacteria is inhibited by C. oryzetorurn, but no significant effect is found in this study.
文摘AIM:To clarify the protective effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on hypothermically preserved rat livers. METHODS:Establishment of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion model,detection of nucleotides in hepatocytes with HPLC,measurement of activities of LDH and AST in the perfusate,observation of histopathological changes in different experiment groups,and autoradiography were carried out to reveal the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of ATP. RESULTS:The intracellular levels of ATP and EC decreased rapidly after hypothermic preservation in control group,while a higher ATP and EC level,and a slower decreasing rate were observed when ATP-MgCl_2 was added to the perfusate (P<0.01).As compared with the control group,the activities of LDH and AST in the ATP-MgCl_2 group were lower(P<0.05). Furthermore,more severe hepatocyte damage and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the control group.Radioactive [α-^(32)P]ATP entered the hypothermically preserved rat hepatocytes. CONCLUSION:Exogenous ATP has a protective effect on rat livers during hypothermical preservation.However,Mg^(2+) is indispensable,addition of ATP alone produces no protective effect.The underlying mechanism may be that exogenous ATP enters the hypothermically preserved rat liver cells.
