通过野外原位试验,采用^(15)N标记技术和密闭室间歇通气法,在青海省同德牧场高寒燕麦人工草地研究不施肥对照、单施尿素、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)、尿素+硝化抑制剂(DMPP)、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理下高寒人工草地氨挥发、草地初级生产力及^(1...通过野外原位试验,采用^(15)N标记技术和密闭室间歇通气法,在青海省同德牧场高寒燕麦人工草地研究不施肥对照、单施尿素、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)、尿素+硝化抑制剂(DMPP)、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理下高寒人工草地氨挥发、草地初级生产力及^(15)N标记肥料在牧草茎叶、根系和土壤中的回收率,为高寒草地生态系统管理和可持续利用模式提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)不同处理下高寒人工草地土壤氨挥发速率表现为:不施尿素对照处理总体上处于较低且稳定的水平(4.13—7.11g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1));单施尿素处理氨挥发速率第2天达到最大值343.43 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),随后逐渐下降;尿素+DMPP处理氨挥发速率第2天达到最大值216.53 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1);尿素+NBPT和尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理氨挥发速率均在第7天达到最大值,分别为43.19 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)、34.55 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)。(2)不同处理下高寒人工草地土壤累计氨挥发量表现为:尿素(727.77 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+DMPP(439.30 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+NBPT(94.85 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+NBPT+DMPP(80.01 g N·hm^(-2))。统计结果表明,除尿素+NBPT+DMPP和尿素+NBPT之间差异不显著外,其余处理间累计氨挥发量差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)不同处理下高寒人工草地总初级生产力表现为:不施肥对照处理总初级生产力为565.57 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1),施尿素处理总初级生产力为652.36 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1),尿素+DMPP、尿素+NBPT、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理总初级生产力为678.33—704.41 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1)。(4)不同处理下高寒人工草地^(15)N肥料在牧草茎叶、根系和土壤中的回收率看:单施尿素处理^(15)N总回收率(茎叶+土壤+根系)为57.67%,尿素+DMPP处理^(15)N总回收率为58.08%,尿素+NBPT、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理^(15)N总回收率分别为68.74%和79.82%。统计结果显示尿素+NBPT+DMPP和尿素+NBPT处理显著提高高寒人工草地氮肥回收率。另外,^(15)N标记肥料在牧草茎叶的回收率为28.45%—37.62%,在牧草根系中的回收率为2.33%—2.68%,土壤层(0—0 cm)中回收率为25.90%—41.64%。可以看出,尿素+NBPT+DMPP与尿素+NBPT是同德高寒人工草地降低氨挥发和提高氮肥利用率的最佳施肥措施。展开更多
The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: pan...The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.展开更多
文摘通过野外原位试验,采用^(15)N标记技术和密闭室间歇通气法,在青海省同德牧场高寒燕麦人工草地研究不施肥对照、单施尿素、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)、尿素+硝化抑制剂(DMPP)、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理下高寒人工草地氨挥发、草地初级生产力及^(15)N标记肥料在牧草茎叶、根系和土壤中的回收率,为高寒草地生态系统管理和可持续利用模式提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)不同处理下高寒人工草地土壤氨挥发速率表现为:不施尿素对照处理总体上处于较低且稳定的水平(4.13—7.11g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1));单施尿素处理氨挥发速率第2天达到最大值343.43 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),随后逐渐下降;尿素+DMPP处理氨挥发速率第2天达到最大值216.53 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1);尿素+NBPT和尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理氨挥发速率均在第7天达到最大值,分别为43.19 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)、34.55 g N·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)。(2)不同处理下高寒人工草地土壤累计氨挥发量表现为:尿素(727.77 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+DMPP(439.30 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+NBPT(94.85 g N·hm^(-2))>尿素+NBPT+DMPP(80.01 g N·hm^(-2))。统计结果表明,除尿素+NBPT+DMPP和尿素+NBPT之间差异不显著外,其余处理间累计氨挥发量差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)不同处理下高寒人工草地总初级生产力表现为:不施肥对照处理总初级生产力为565.57 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1),施尿素处理总初级生产力为652.36 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1),尿素+DMPP、尿素+NBPT、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理总初级生产力为678.33—704.41 g·m^(-2)·y^(-1)。(4)不同处理下高寒人工草地^(15)N肥料在牧草茎叶、根系和土壤中的回收率看:单施尿素处理^(15)N总回收率(茎叶+土壤+根系)为57.67%,尿素+DMPP处理^(15)N总回收率为58.08%,尿素+NBPT、尿素+NBPT+DMPP处理^(15)N总回收率分别为68.74%和79.82%。统计结果显示尿素+NBPT+DMPP和尿素+NBPT处理显著提高高寒人工草地氮肥回收率。另外,^(15)N标记肥料在牧草茎叶的回收率为28.45%—37.62%,在牧草根系中的回收率为2.33%—2.68%,土壤层(0—0 cm)中回收率为25.90%—41.64%。可以看出,尿素+NBPT+DMPP与尿素+NBPT是同德高寒人工草地降低氨挥发和提高氮肥利用率的最佳施肥措施。
基金Supported by National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology(CARS-01-37)Rice Innovation Team of Liaoning Province of National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology([2013]271)Key Agriculture and Achievements Specialization Planning Program of Liaoning Province(2014020004-101-3)
文摘The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.
