嘉陵江作为长江上游的重要支流,其水文特征对区域生态环境和水资源管理具有深远影响。本研究旨在深入分析嘉陵江流域的水文特征,揭示其变化规律及驱动机制,以期为水资源评估和管理提供科学依据。研究采用DEM数据和ArcGIS软件模拟分析地...嘉陵江作为长江上游的重要支流,其水文特征对区域生态环境和水资源管理具有深远影响。本研究旨在深入分析嘉陵江流域的水文特征,揭示其变化规律及驱动机制,以期为水资源评估和管理提供科学依据。研究采用DEM数据和ArcGIS软件模拟分析地形水系,结合CPC降水数据、水文站实测数据(1979~2019年)探讨降水和径流量的变化规律。通过子流域划分、河网生成、敏感性分析等方法,评估了流域的水文平衡特征。结果显示,嘉陵江流域河网密度为0.197 km/km2,与径流系数呈负相关,且1984~2002年为降水减少期,2003~2019年为降水增多期。流域的平均径流量呈减少趋势,尤其是1979~1988年、1989~1998年。嘉陵江流域的水文特征受气候变化、人类活动的显著影响。降水量的减少是导致径流量减少的主要原因,而河网密度的变化则反映流域水文条件的时空异质性。As an important tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River have a profound impact on regional ecological environment and water resource management. This study aims to deeply analyze the hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River Basin, and reveal its changing patterns and driving mechanisms, and provide scientific basis for water resource assessment and management. The study used DEM data and ArcGIS software to simulate and analyze terrain and water systems, combined with CPC precipitation data and hydrological station measurement data (1979~2019) to explore the changes law in precipitation and runoff. The hydrological balance characteristics of the watershed were evaluated through methods such as sub watershed division, river network generation, and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the river network density in the Jialing River Basin is 0.197 km/km2, and there is a negative correlation with the runoff coefficient. From 1984 to 2002 is a period of decreasing precipitation, while the period from 2003 to 2019 is increasing. The average runoff of the watershed showed a decreasing trend, especially from 1979 to 1988 and 1989 to 1998. The hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River Basin are significantly influenced by climate change and human activities. The decrease in precipitation is the main reason for the decrease in runoff, while the change in river network density reflects the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of hydrological conditions in the watershed.展开更多
人类活动导致全球氮沉降急剧增加,氮沉降促进了陆地生态系统的碳汇。本文利用来自CMIP6模型的数据,将1pctCO2与1pctCO2Ndep气候情景进行比较,来量化氮沉降对植被以及水文特征的影响。结果显示,氮沉降增加导致植被变绿,间接影响水文特征...人类活动导致全球氮沉降急剧增加,氮沉降促进了陆地生态系统的碳汇。本文利用来自CMIP6模型的数据,将1pctCO2与1pctCO2Ndep气候情景进行比较,来量化氮沉降对植被以及水文特征的影响。结果显示,氮沉降增加导致植被变绿,间接影响水文特征。结构方程模型表明,氮沉降增加通过促进植被生长来增加植被蒸腾。植被通过冠层截留作用直接减少降水量,以及通过提高蒸腾间接增加降水。植被变绿对径流的影响则因地区的干旱程度而异。植被冠层截留的降水也能通过蒸发补充土壤水分。这些发现提高了我们对陆地生态系统水文特征对氮沉降响应的理解,并为评估氮沉降对植被以及水文特征的影响提供了新的见解。Human activities have resulted in a significant upsurge in global nitrogen deposition, and such nitrogen deposition has facilitated the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems. This study utilizes data from CMIP6 models to compare the 1pctCO2 and 1pctCO2Ndep climate scenarios, aiming to quantify the effects of nitrogen deposition on vegetation and hydrological characteristics. The findings suggest that elevated nitrogen deposition leads to enhanced vegetation greenness, which subsequently affects hydrological properties. Structural equation modeling reveals that enhanced nitrogen deposition fosters vegetation growth, thereby increasing vegetation transpiration. Vegetation directly reduces precipitation through canopy interception and indirectly increases it by enhancing transpiration. The influence of enhanced vegetation greenness on runoff is contingent upon regional aridity levels. Moreover, precipitation that is intercepted by the vegetation canopy has the potential to replenish soil moisture via the process of evaporation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the responses of terrestrial ecosystem hydrological characteristics to nitrogen deposition and offer new insights for evaluating the impacts of nitrogen deposition on vegetation and hydrological characteristics.展开更多
由于贵州喀斯特地貌发育显著,导致水资源分布不均,各类用水无法得到充分保障。根据统计数据,贵州目前拥有大约2000座水库,其中大部分水库已从发电和防洪功能转变为主要以供水为目的,其次兼顾发电和防洪。研究以贵州红枫湖水库为研究区域...由于贵州喀斯特地貌发育显著,导致水资源分布不均,各类用水无法得到充分保障。根据统计数据,贵州目前拥有大约2000座水库,其中大部分水库已从发电和防洪功能转变为主要以供水为目的,其次兼顾发电和防洪。研究以贵州红枫湖水库为研究区域,采用被广泛应用于水库水文特征变化评估的变异性范围法(Range of Variability Approach,RVA),对其进行分析。根据主要水文信息,从流速变化幅度、持续时间、频次、历时性和变化率等多个角度,分析了33个关键生态价值参数的水文情势变化规律。水文情势的变化规律是影响河流流域生态系统结构和功能变化的重要驱动因素。综合分析国际水文演变指数(IHA)的基础上,定量分析了喀斯特流域水库水文情势特征的变化规律,为流域规划决策提供了数据和理论基础。展开更多
文摘嘉陵江作为长江上游的重要支流,其水文特征对区域生态环境和水资源管理具有深远影响。本研究旨在深入分析嘉陵江流域的水文特征,揭示其变化规律及驱动机制,以期为水资源评估和管理提供科学依据。研究采用DEM数据和ArcGIS软件模拟分析地形水系,结合CPC降水数据、水文站实测数据(1979~2019年)探讨降水和径流量的变化规律。通过子流域划分、河网生成、敏感性分析等方法,评估了流域的水文平衡特征。结果显示,嘉陵江流域河网密度为0.197 km/km2,与径流系数呈负相关,且1984~2002年为降水减少期,2003~2019年为降水增多期。流域的平均径流量呈减少趋势,尤其是1979~1988年、1989~1998年。嘉陵江流域的水文特征受气候变化、人类活动的显著影响。降水量的减少是导致径流量减少的主要原因,而河网密度的变化则反映流域水文条件的时空异质性。As an important tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River have a profound impact on regional ecological environment and water resource management. This study aims to deeply analyze the hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River Basin, and reveal its changing patterns and driving mechanisms, and provide scientific basis for water resource assessment and management. The study used DEM data and ArcGIS software to simulate and analyze terrain and water systems, combined with CPC precipitation data and hydrological station measurement data (1979~2019) to explore the changes law in precipitation and runoff. The hydrological balance characteristics of the watershed were evaluated through methods such as sub watershed division, river network generation, and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the river network density in the Jialing River Basin is 0.197 km/km2, and there is a negative correlation with the runoff coefficient. From 1984 to 2002 is a period of decreasing precipitation, while the period from 2003 to 2019 is increasing. The average runoff of the watershed showed a decreasing trend, especially from 1979 to 1988 and 1989 to 1998. The hydrological characteristics of the Jialing River Basin are significantly influenced by climate change and human activities. The decrease in precipitation is the main reason for the decrease in runoff, while the change in river network density reflects the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of hydrological conditions in the watershed.
文摘人类活动导致全球氮沉降急剧增加,氮沉降促进了陆地生态系统的碳汇。本文利用来自CMIP6模型的数据,将1pctCO2与1pctCO2Ndep气候情景进行比较,来量化氮沉降对植被以及水文特征的影响。结果显示,氮沉降增加导致植被变绿,间接影响水文特征。结构方程模型表明,氮沉降增加通过促进植被生长来增加植被蒸腾。植被通过冠层截留作用直接减少降水量,以及通过提高蒸腾间接增加降水。植被变绿对径流的影响则因地区的干旱程度而异。植被冠层截留的降水也能通过蒸发补充土壤水分。这些发现提高了我们对陆地生态系统水文特征对氮沉降响应的理解,并为评估氮沉降对植被以及水文特征的影响提供了新的见解。Human activities have resulted in a significant upsurge in global nitrogen deposition, and such nitrogen deposition has facilitated the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems. This study utilizes data from CMIP6 models to compare the 1pctCO2 and 1pctCO2Ndep climate scenarios, aiming to quantify the effects of nitrogen deposition on vegetation and hydrological characteristics. The findings suggest that elevated nitrogen deposition leads to enhanced vegetation greenness, which subsequently affects hydrological properties. Structural equation modeling reveals that enhanced nitrogen deposition fosters vegetation growth, thereby increasing vegetation transpiration. Vegetation directly reduces precipitation through canopy interception and indirectly increases it by enhancing transpiration. The influence of enhanced vegetation greenness on runoff is contingent upon regional aridity levels. Moreover, precipitation that is intercepted by the vegetation canopy has the potential to replenish soil moisture via the process of evaporation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the responses of terrestrial ecosystem hydrological characteristics to nitrogen deposition and offer new insights for evaluating the impacts of nitrogen deposition on vegetation and hydrological characteristics.
文摘由于贵州喀斯特地貌发育显著,导致水资源分布不均,各类用水无法得到充分保障。根据统计数据,贵州目前拥有大约2000座水库,其中大部分水库已从发电和防洪功能转变为主要以供水为目的,其次兼顾发电和防洪。研究以贵州红枫湖水库为研究区域,采用被广泛应用于水库水文特征变化评估的变异性范围法(Range of Variability Approach,RVA),对其进行分析。根据主要水文信息,从流速变化幅度、持续时间、频次、历时性和变化率等多个角度,分析了33个关键生态价值参数的水文情势变化规律。水文情势的变化规律是影响河流流域生态系统结构和功能变化的重要驱动因素。综合分析国际水文演变指数(IHA)的基础上,定量分析了喀斯特流域水库水文情势特征的变化规律,为流域规划决策提供了数据和理论基础。
