桥东污水厂污水(中水)源热泵系统设计

阐述了石家庄市桥东污水处理厂工程中污水(中水)源热泵系统的实施方案。介绍了采用污水水源的防污措施及水系统的循环方式等设计要点,并在节能、投资及运行费用等方面与传统方式进行了比较。

一种新型复合纳滤膜对污水的深度处理研究

考察了一种新型荷负电羧甲基甲壳素／聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜对污水（中水）的处理效果。结果表明：在1．0MPa、30L／h、室温下，经纳滤膜处理后，溶解态总磷、硝态和亚硝态总氮及CODCr的平均截留率分别可达70％、83％和94％以上，而色度几乎可完全去除。纳滤膜出水CODCr为3．0～10．2mg／L，达到GB3838-2002地面水Ⅰ类水质标准；硝态和亚硝态总氮（以氮计）质量浓度为2．7～3．5mg,／L，达到GB5749—85生活饮用水标准；溶解态总磷（以磷计）质量浓度为1．0～1．7mg,／L，已接近1mg／L的污水GB8978-1996Ⅱ级排放标准。提出，由于PO4^3-与水体中H^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋等阳离子较易形成缔合离子或络合离子，减弱了与荷负电的纳滤膜的库仑排斥作用，从而使其截留率小于NO3^-或NO2^-；该纳滤膜适于油田采出污水处理、污水（中水）脱磷、氮和CODCr的深度处理及含磷废水的脱磷处理。

CH_4 emissions and reduction potential in wastewater treatment in China

The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.

Water Quality Evaluation and Analysis on the Causes of Pollution for Groundwater Sources in Yantai, China

Based on the investigation for the 14 groundwater sources, the water quality of the groundwater sources had been analyzed, using the evaluation method of the combination of inorganic and organic index instead of the traditional method which was only based on inorganic index. The results showed that the quality of 12 groundwater sources satisfied class III standard of groundwater quality and other two exceeded class III standard. There were one groundwater source, whose water quality reached class 1 standard, and five groundwater sources, whose water quality reached class II standard. There were seven groundwater sources, in which the fluorine, an organic pollutant, was detected. The results showed that the groundwater resources in Yantai City were less polluted and the main pollutant in groundwater was nitrate. According to the analytical data and the environmental conditions of groundwater sources, the conclusion was drawn that the agriculture and rural non-point pollution were the main reasons of groundwater pollution.

Derivation of water quality criteria for representative water-body pollutants in China

In this study, toxicological data for zinc （Zn）, cadmium （Cd）, hexavalent chromium （Cr （VI））, benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curves. Then water quality criteria （WQC） were derived for protection of the freshwater aquatic life in China against five representative pollutants. The values derived in this study were compared with those issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese national environmental standard for surface water to identify factors underlying the differences. The results showed that the SSD curves for the five pollutants differed significantly, with the examined aquatic species being gen- erally more sensitive to Zn, Cd, and Cr （VI） than benzene and nitrobenzene. The acute WQC were： 48.43 μg L-1 for Zn, 0.4218 μg L-1 for Cd, 45.79μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 2651 μg L-1 for benzene, and 1426 μg L-1 for nitrobenzene. The chronic WQC were： 20.01μg L-1 for Zn, 0.2428 μg L-j for Cd, 14.22 μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 530.2 μg L J for benzene, and 286.2 μg L-1 for nitroben- zene. The results of this comparative study of representative pollutants may offer guideline values for future WQC studies for China.

Occurrence and Fate of Antibiotics in the Aqueous Environment and Their Removal by Constructed Wetlands in China： A review

Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last twenty years, consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly in China, which has been cited as one of the world＇s worst abusers of antibiotics. This review summarizes the current state of antibiotic contamination in China＇s three major rivers （the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River） and illustrates the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants （VC-VVTPs）. The analytical data indicate that traditional W-WTPs cannot completely remove these concerned pharmaceuticals, as seen in the large difference between the distribution coefficient （Kd） and the uneven removal efficiency of various types of antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands （CWs） offer a potential way to remove these antibiotics from water supplies, knowledge of their mechanisms is limited. There are four main factors affecting the performance of CWs used for the treatment of antibiotics in water supplies, the types and configurations of CWs, hydraulic load rates, substrates, and plants and microorganisms. Further researches focusing on these factors are needed to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs.