外源褪黑素处理对采后火龙果贮藏品质和活性氧清除能力的影响

为研究外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)处理对采后火龙果的保鲜效果,以不同浓度(0.05、0.10和0.50 mmol/L)MT处理采后火龙果果实,并测定其贮藏品质和活性氧清除能力。结果表明:外源MT处理的保鲜效果与其浓度有关,相较于0.05 mmol/L和0.50 mmol/L,0.10 mmol/L MT处理能显著地抑制果实鳞片黄化,降低失重率,延缓总可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低腐烂率。0.10 mmol/L MT处理还显著地提高了过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性及总抗氧化能力,增强对DPPH·和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力。以上结果表明MT处理通过提高抗氧化酶活性及时清除衰老过程中产生的活性氧,缓解活性氧对采后火龙果造成的氧化损伤。

供氮水平对苦苣生长、光合特性及活性氧清除能力的影响

以苦苣为试材,采用营养液栽培法,研究了不同供氮水平对苦苣生长、根系活力、叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合气体交换参数、H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及活性氧清除能力的影响。结果表明:在5个不同供氮处理水平中,8mmol·L-1(N8)的施氮水平下苦苣植株生长最佳,这与植株具有较高水平的根系活力、SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)和较高的活性氧清除能力、较低的膜脂过氧化程度有关。而低氮(2、5mmol·L-1)或高氮供应水平(11、14mmol·L-1)因不同程度降低苦苣植株根系活力、叶片光合色素含量和活性氧清除能力,导致H2O2过量积累、膜脂过氧化加剧,细胞膜的结构及功能受损伤,从而抑制苦苣植株的光合作用和生长。

纸片型1-MCP处理对采后安溪油柿果实活性氧代谢和细胞膜透性的影响

研究了纸片型1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对采后安溪油柿果实活性氧代谢和细胞膜透性的影响。采后安溪油柿果实经1.35μL/L纸片型1-MCP处理12 h后,在(20±1)℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏。结果表明,与对照果实相比,纸片型1-MCP处理能有效提高采后安溪油柿果实的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等活性氧清除酶活性,保持较高的还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)等内源抗氧化物质的含量;降低超氧阴离子自由基(O_2^(-.))产生速率和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的积累;延缓采后安溪油柿果实细胞膜透性增加。因此,1.35μL/L纸片型1-MCP处理能有效提高采后安溪油柿果实的活性氧清除能力,降低活性氧积累和抑制膜脂过氧化作用,从而延缓采后安溪油柿果实衰老,延长果实保鲜期。

Purification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides of different molecular weights from mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus protein hydrolysate

Mackerel （Pneumatophorus japonicus） proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases： trypsin, papain, neutrase, acid protease, and flavourzyme. The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology （RSM） was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate （MPH） with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions, namely, MPH-I （〉10 kDa）, MPH-II （10-2.5 kDa）, MPH-III （1-2.5 kDa）, MPH-IV （0.4-1 kDa）, and MPH-V （below 0.4 kDa）, were obtained. DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated. The fractions in molecular weights 〈2.5 kDa （MPH-III, MPH-IV, and MPH-V）, which occupied 93.4% of the total fractions, showed the strongest antioxidant activity; and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other. Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns, eight fractions were obtained from the MPH （〈2.5 kDa）. The isolated peptide I （1 664 kDa） displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.

Isolation and Characterization of Fucoidans from Five Brown Algae and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

In this study, we evaluated the chemical property and antioxidant activity of fucoidans isolated from brown algae, Laminaria japonica(LJF), Lessonia nigrescens(LNF), Lessonia trabeculata(LTF), Ascophyllum mackaii(AMF), and Ecklonia maxima(EMF). LJF was less in sulfate content(14.16%) and more in galactose and mannose content(1.08 and 0.68) than the documented early. EMF contained 20%–30% of sulfate and fucose, 0.97 in molar ratio which was lower than that of sulfate to other four fucoidans(1.21–1.41). AMF(162 kDa) and EMF(150 kDa) were the first two largest in molecular weight, which were followed by LJP(126 kDa), LNF(113 kDa) and LTF(105 kDa). The fucoidans isolated these algae showed a wide range of antioxidant activity in vitro. It was found that the reducing power of the isolated fucoidans was positively correlated with their sulfate content and molecular weight. In addition, LNF and LTF at low concentrations exhibited high superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This demonstrated that low molecular weight fucoidans may perform a high antioxidant activity.

The Scavenging of Free Radical and Oxygen Species Activities and Hydration Capacity of Collagen Hydrolysates from Walleye Pollock(Theragra chalcogramma) Skin

Fish skin collagen hydrolysates （FSCH） were prepared from walleye pollock （Theragra chalcogramrna） using a mixture of enzymes, namely trypsin and flavourzyme. The degree of hydrolysis of the skin collagen was 27.3%. FSCH was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight peptides and the relative proportion of 〈1000Da fraction was 70.6%. Free radical and oxygen species scavenging activities of FSCH were investigated in four model systems, including diphenylpicrylhy-drazyl radical （DPPH）, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide model, and compared with that of a native antioxidant, reduced glutathione （GSH）. FSCH was also evaluated by water-absorbing and water-holding capacity. The results showed that FSCH was able to scavenge free radical and oxygen species significantly and to enhance water-absorbing and water-holding capacity remarkably. Therefore FSCH may have potential applications in the medicine and food industries.

Determined of antioxidant activity and preventing DNA damage effect of peanut polypeptides by chemiluminescence method

To estimate the antioxidant activities of Peanut polypeptides （PPs） by using a chemiluminescence （CL） method in vitro. The scavenging ability of PPs on superoxide anion, hydroxide radical, and hydrogen peroxide was determined by the Pyrogallol-Luminol system, the CuSO4-Phen-Vc-H2O2 system, and the luminol-H2O2 system, respectively. DNA damage preventing the effect of PPs was determined by the CuSO4-Phen-Vc-H2O2-DNA CL system. The results shows that PPs had good effect on the scavenging ability of superoxide anion （IC50=9.68±0.12 mg/ml）. PPs could scavenge hydroxide radical effectively （the IC50 value was 46.06±0.08 μg/ml）. PPs had a good scavenging ability on hydrogen peroxide, which had a relatively low IC50 value （0.17±0.07 mg/ml）. PPs （the IC50 value was0.72±0.11 mg/ml） were powerful on the DNA damage preventing effect. PPs possesses a good scavenging potency on ROS in different systems, but different results exist in different systems.