For submanifolds in a cosymplectic space form tangent to the structure vector field ξ, two important inequalities with Ricci curvature, scalar curvature and the squared mean curvature are obtained. These results are ...For submanifolds in a cosymplectic space form tangent to the structure vector field ξ, two important inequalities with Ricci curvature, scalar curvature and the squared mean curvature are obtained. These results are also applied to get corresponding consequences for anti-invariant submanifolds.展开更多
Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow.Despite their impo...Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow.Despite their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been overlooked.The overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial variability.The objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being present.The results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder's immediate vicinity in the streamwise(x/d c < 2-3) and vertical(z/d c < 1) directions.Outside of the boulder's immediate vicinity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally decelerated.This global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder array.More importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied shear.Furthermore,the array was found to have a "homogenizing" effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed region.The findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile sediment.Thus,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport predictions.These effects are encapsulated in this study by Equation(6).展开更多
Let M be a concircularly fiat totally real minimal submanifold in CP4. The infimum Vm of the volume V （M） of M is obtained, also the necessary and sufficient conditions of ＂V（M）=Vm＂ is given.
Some curvature pinching theorems for compact or complete totally real minimal submanifolds in a quaternion projective space are given,so that the corresponding results due to B. Y.Chen and C. S. Houh as well as Y. B. ...Some curvature pinching theorems for compact or complete totally real minimal submanifolds in a quaternion projective space are given,so that the corresponding results due to B. Y.Chen and C. S. Houh as well as Y. B. Shen are improved and generalized.展开更多
The notion of finite type submanifolds was introduced by B. Y. Chen. In this paper the conjectures on scalar curvature of Veronese generating submanifolds in E~σ and the minimal conjecture on Veronese space-like subm...The notion of finite type submanifolds was introduced by B. Y. Chen. In this paper the conjectures on scalar curvature of Veronese generating submanifolds in E~σ and the minimal conjecture on Veronese space-like submanifold Σ and Veronese pseudo-Riemannian submanifold in E_1~σ are proved. We have Σ is minimal in H^5. is minimal in S_1~5, Σ and are of 1-type in E_1~σ.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(004051900)
文摘For submanifolds in a cosymplectic space form tangent to the structure vector field ξ, two important inequalities with Ricci curvature, scalar curvature and the squared mean curvature are obtained. These results are also applied to get corresponding consequences for anti-invariant submanifolds.
基金supported by the United States National Science Foundation (Grant No. CBET1033732)
文摘Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow.Despite their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been overlooked.The overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial variability.The objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being present.The results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder's immediate vicinity in the streamwise(x/d c < 2-3) and vertical(z/d c < 1) directions.Outside of the boulder's immediate vicinity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally decelerated.This global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder array.More importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied shear.Furthermore,the array was found to have a "homogenizing" effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed region.The findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile sediment.Thus,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport predictions.These effects are encapsulated in this study by Equation(6).
基金Supported by the NSF of Education Department of Henan Province(20021100002)Supported by the NSF of Education Department of Henan Province(200510475038)
文摘Let M be a concircularly fiat totally real minimal submanifold in CP4. The infimum Vm of the volume V （M） of M is obtained, also the necessary and sufficient conditions of ＂V（M）=Vm＂ is given.
文摘Some curvature pinching theorems for compact or complete totally real minimal submanifolds in a quaternion projective space are given,so that the corresponding results due to B. Y.Chen and C. S. Houh as well as Y. B. Shen are improved and generalized.
文摘The notion of finite type submanifolds was introduced by B. Y. Chen. In this paper the conjectures on scalar curvature of Veronese generating submanifolds in E~σ and the minimal conjecture on Veronese space-like submanifold Σ and Veronese pseudo-Riemannian submanifold in E_1~σ are proved. We have Σ is minimal in H^5. is minimal in S_1~5, Σ and are of 1-type in E_1~σ.
