游客感知“灰度区”的旅游形象策划初探——兼曲靖市旅游形象策划

本文从游客对旅游形象感知的角度 ,提出了游客感知“灰度区”与游客感知“光环区”的概念 ,分析了“灰度区”旅游形象开发的必要性与可行性 ,并对“灰度区”旅游形象策划进行了一种模式探讨———旅游产品的形象整合模式。从潜在游客对“灰度区”的心理感知分析入手 ,针对旅游产品的形象整合模式的内涵 ,探讨了其操作过程及技巧。最后 ,以曲靖市为例 ,作了游客感知“灰度区”旅游形象策划实例分析。

基于“灰度区”模型的文化创意产业园区旅游品牌形象整合模式

旅游目的地形象一直是旅游目的地建设的重要内容,它直接影响着游客的满意度和回头率,也直接影响着旅游目的地的声誉以及整个旅游区的营业收入。本文从旅游者的感知出发,研究旅游者在游览文化创意产业园区的过程中影响他们旅游感知满意度的因素,提出了游客感知"灰度区"与游客感知"光环区"的概念,分析了"灰度区"旅游形象开发的必要性与可行性,并对文化创意产业园区旅游产品的形象整合模式进行了探讨。

汽车安全气囊起爆车速与乘员伤害关系的仿真研究

利用碰撞受害者模拟软件MADYMO建立了某客车乘员约束系统前碰撞计算机仿真模型,通过对不同碰撞车速下乘员伤害值的仿真计算,研究了保证乘员伤害指标达到一定要求的汽车安全气囊起爆车速。使用生物力学灰度区的概念描述和确定气体发生器的点火阈值,也就是从乘员保护的观点出发,确定不同结构汽车的气囊点火车速,从而为整车匹配安全气囊提供了良好的手段和依据,并能够大大降低匹配时间和周期。

兰州市旅游形象资源与旅游形象定位研究

本文在对甘肃省的整体旅游形象感知和对兰州市旅游形象的感知以及兰州市旅游意象构成要素调查的基础上,并且对地方文脉进行了深入地剖析,运用数理统计分析和CIS方法,将兰州旅游形象的文化识别概括为:黄河文化、渡口文化、桥和山水文化、城市和建筑文化、民族文化、丝路文化;将兰州市旅游意象的精邃归纳为:河—渡—桥—路—山—水—城。结合市场调查,突出兰州的历史文化地位和地理文脉,将兰州旅游形象的一级理念定位为:"千古丝路集散地,山水秀美黄河城";结合兰州旅游的地方性,可以设计出兰州的二级旅游理念:"黄河之都";"天下黄河第一城"。在此基础上建立兰州旅游形象系统及宣传口号。

旅游形象不对称作用理论研究

分析、总结我国旅游形象不对称作用理论的相关研究进展,首次提出旅游形象不对称作用理论的概念,并按照各种具体理论间的联系,构建了旅游形象不对称作用理论的框架体系。基于对我国旅游形象研究及实践发展趋势的分析,以该体系为参照,依据各个理论间的逻辑关系,提出“黑匣子”(Black Box)理论,将7个代表我国旅游形象不对称作用研究发展方向但又有待深入研究的重要理论假设为7个等待开启的“黑匣子”,并预测旅游形象不对称作用将成为我国旅游形象研究的新热点。

前端结构对正面安全气囊不起爆速度阈值的影响

对在100％正面刚性碰撞中前20-30ms内产生严重变形的前端结构装置（保险杠装置、碰撞缓冲器及纵梁前段）进行了研究，首先建立了简化的CAE仿真分析模型并进行了验证，然后应用该模型分析了前端结构可压缩空间及采用不同强度等级材料对安全气囊起爆点速度阈值的影响。结果表明：安全气囊不起爆速度随前端结构可压缩空间的增大而增大、随前端结构采用材料强度等级的提高而增大；用CAE分析方法准确地确定安全气囊不起爆速度阈值，可有效地减少人为设定安全气囊不起爆速度阈值而造成低速误起爆现象的发生。

ENTROPY MEASUREMENT OF INTERVAL GREY SEQUENCE AND ITS APPLICATION

The uncertainty measurement method for grey information theory and the metric formula are established, and its application in decision-making is researched. The entropy measurement of grey sequence based on the limited interval grey number sequence is different from the Shannon probability entropy. The measurement formula of grey number and its properties are studied, such as the invariance, the applicable conditions, and the grey entropy of union and intersection of two grey numbers, and so on. Finally, the algorithm for interval grey sequence and an example are given to show the effectiveness of the method.

NOVEL GENERALIZED GREY INCIDENCE MODEL BASED ON INTERVAL GREY NUMBERS

To extend the traditional generalized grey incidence model, a novel grey incidence model based on inter- val grey numbers is constructed. Considering the numerical information of indexes cannot be accurately obtained and can be defined as interval grey numbers, the interval grey numbers are defined as standard interval grey num- bers which are split in white part and grey part. The absolute degree of incidence and relative degree of incidence based on the interval grey numbers are constructed and their arithmetic are given. Finally, an example about commercial aircraft index selection illuminates the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the model can sort indexes better and can extend the grey incidence models significantly.

基于Gray-Area来降级低重要度个人信息的研究与改进

在Gray-Area的基础上,通过评估分析,指出其优缺点,并针对Gray-Area存在的问题与不足,提出了解决思路:以Gray-Area为原型,按照人机交互的原则,使用Java在Netbean上进行开发,开发了Gray-Area-II。实验结果表明,Gray-Area-II相较于Gray-Area在文件的降级、信息的储存以及搜索结果的显示方式等问题上具有更优越的性能,在管理用户的个人信息上也更人性化,更加高效。

Case study on the extraction of land cover information from the SAR image of a coal mining area

In this study,analyses are conducted on the information features of a construction site,a cornfield and subsidence seeper land in a coal mining area with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of medium resolution. Based on features of land cover of the coal mining area,on texture feature extraction and a selection method of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of the SAR image,we propose in this study that the optimum window size for computing the GLCM is an appropriate sized window that can effectively distinguish different types of land cover. Next,a band combination was carried out over the text feature images and the band-filtered SAR image to secure a new multi-band image. After the transformation of the new image with principal component analysis,a classification is conducted selectively on three principal component bands with the most information. Finally,through training and experimenting with the samples,a better three-layered BP neural network was established to classify the SAR image. The results show that,assisted by texture information,the neural network classification improved the accuracy of SAR image classification by 14.6%,compared with a classification by maximum likelihood estimation without texture information.

Distribution of mineral species in different coal seams of Talcher coalfield and its transformation behavior at varying temperatures

Mineral phase characterization and thorough understanding of its transformation behavior during combustion are imperative to know the potential utilization of coal in the thermal industries. The primary objective of this work is to analyze the quality of Indian Coals and obtain their mineral species-specific information at different depths. The samples were obtained from Talcher Coalfield, Odisha, India. Coal from four seam sections in the Talcher coalfield, India are mainly high ash coal （〉50 %） and volatile matter deceases along with the seam depth. XRD results show that the major mineral phases present in the coal are quartz and kaolinite. Siderite, illite, and anatase were found in minor quantities. It has been observed that the clay minerals （kaolinite, silimanite, illite） decompose at higher temperature and traces of dolomite, mullite, hematite etc. are formed during the process of combustion. Among the four seams （M2, M12, M24 and M43） studied, ash of M43 has high A1203%, TIO2% and K20% content and low SIO2%, CaO% and MgO% content. High acid- to-base ratios contributed to high ash fusion temperatures （IDT 〉 1500 ℃） and low slagging potential of the coals studied. Relatively low fouling index （〈0.3） was estimated for all the coal seams studied. Furthermore, thermodynamic modeling software, FactSage, have been used to envision the mineral phase transformations that take place between 800 and 1500℃ during coal combustion.

Soil pH Management across Spatially Variable Soils

Knowledge and management of soil pH, particularly soil acidity across spatially variable soils is important, although this is greatly ignored by farmers. The objective of the study was to evaluate in-field spatial variability of soil pH, and compare the efficiency of managing soil pH through site-specific method vs. uniform lime application. The study was conducted on three sites with study sites I and II （23°50＇ S; 29°40＇ E）, and study sites IIl （23°59＇ S; 28°52＇ E） adjacent to each other in the semi-arid regions of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Soil samples were taken in four replicates from geo-referenced locations on a regular grid of 30 m. Soils were analyzed for pH, and SMP buffer pH. Soil maps were produced with Geographic Information System （GIS） software, and soil pH datasets were interpolated using a geostatistical tool of inverse distance weighing （IDW）. Soil pH in the fields varied from 3.93 to 7.00. An excess amount of lime as high as 30 t/ha under uniform lime application were recorded. These recommendations were in excess on field areas that needed little or no lime applications. Again, there was an under applications of lime as much as 35 t/ha for uniform liming applications. This under- and over-recommendations of lime based on average soil pH values suggests that uniform soil acidity correction and soil pH management strategy is not an appropriate strategy to be adopted in these fields with spatially variable soils. The field can be divided into lime application zones of （1） high rates of lime, （2） low rates of lime and （3） areas that requires no lime at all so that lime rates are applied per zone. A key to site-specific soil acidity correction with lime is to reach ideal soil pH for the crop in all parts of the field.

基于文化挖掘的城市旅游形象的定位——以兰州市为例

在对甘肃省的整体旅游形象和兰州市旅游形象的感知以及兰州市旅游意象构成要素调查的基础上,对地方文脉进行了深入地剖析,运用数理统计分析和CIS方法,将兰州旅游形象的文化识别概括为:黄河文化、渡口文化、桥和山水文化、城市和建筑文化、民族文化、丝路文化;将兰州市旅游意象的精邃归纳为:河—渡—桥—路—山—水—城。结合市场调查,突出兰州的历史文化地位和地理文脉,将兰州旅游形象的一级理念定位为:“千古丝路集散地,山水秀美黄河城”;结合兰州旅游的地方性,可以设计出兰州的二级旅游理念:“黄河之都”;“天下黄河第一城”。在此基础上,建立兰州旅游形象系统及宣传口号。

A vertical sounding of severe haze process in Guangzhou area

We detected a severe haze process in Guangzhou area with lidar and microwave radiometer, performed an inversion to get boundary layer height by wavelet covariance transform, and analyzed the correlation between meteorological factors of boundary layer and visibility from the perspective of dynamical and thermodynamic structures. Our results indicate that the boundary layer height shows significant daily changes, consistent with ground visibility variation. During the cleaning process, the boundary layer height exceeded 1 km; during severe haze, the height was only 500 m. Temperature gradient of 50–100 m, which was 30 h lag, was remarkably correlated with visibility, with the correlation coefficient of 0.77. High layer visibility(255 m) and low layer stability were significantly anticorrelation, and the maximum anticorrelation coefficient was up to-0.76 in cleaning days and-0.49 in haze days. In the related boundary layer meteorological factors, surface ventilation coefficient was linearly correlated with ground visibility, with the greatest correlation coefficient of 0.88. The correlation coefficients of boundary layer height, ground wind velocity, relative humidity and ground visibility were 0.76, 0.67, and-0.77, respectively. There was a strong correlation between different meteorological factors. The dominant meteorological factor during this haze process was surface ventilation coefficient. In the area without boundary layer height sounding, ground visibility and wind velocity could be used to estimate boundary layer height.