为掌握邵伯湖浮游动物物种组成,利用环境DNA技术于2018年11月对其浮游动物群落进行了监测。在邵伯湖15个采样点同步进行了水样采集,抽滤后进行了DNA提取,利用线粒体DNA 12S r RNA引物进行PCR扩增,并进行了高通量测序。结果显示,从二代...为掌握邵伯湖浮游动物物种组成,利用环境DNA技术于2018年11月对其浮游动物群落进行了监测。在邵伯湖15个采样点同步进行了水样采集,抽滤后进行了DNA提取,利用线粒体DNA 12S r RNA引物进行PCR扩增,并进行了高通量测序。结果显示,从二代测序的1114482条DNA序列中,比对得到浮游动物OTUs数68个。利用宏条形码共检出浮游动物22种(隶属于14科18属),邵伯湖浮游动物功能群以轮虫滤食者RF为主,各样点浮游动物α和β多样性的各项指数较为均匀,表明邵伯湖各区域的浮游动物多样性水平较接近。环境DNA技术适用于浅水湖泊浮游动物群落监测,在现阶段的淡水浮游动物资源监测中,该技术宜与传统的监测方法结合使用。展开更多
环境DNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA metabarcoding)技术在调查鱼类物种丰度和多样性方面具有快速、高效、环境友好等优势,但其敏感性和有效性需进一步评估。本研究选择位于瓯江水系上游一级支流松荫溪发源地的高碧...环境DNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA metabarcoding)技术在调查鱼类物种丰度和多样性方面具有快速、高效、环境友好等优势,但其敏感性和有效性需进一步评估。本研究选择位于瓯江水系上游一级支流松荫溪发源地的高碧溪和成屏水库作为调查水域,分别利用传统捕捞方法和eDNA宏条形码技术对2个水域的鱼类物种进行调查。结果表明:捕捞方法在2个水域共发现鱼类24种,88%鱼类物种(21种)在瓯江水系有记录,其中高碧溪采集到鱼类12种,隶属于4目8科11属,成屏水库采集到鱼类16种,隶属于3目4科14属。eDNA宏条形码技术在2个水域共检测到鱼类31种,有84%的物种(26种)在瓯江水系有记录,其中高碧溪共检测出28种,隶属于5目12科25属,成屏水库共检测出27种,隶属于6目11科25属。然而,2种调查方法在溪流中共同发现的鱼类仅1种,在水库中共同发现的鱼类也只有5种。此外,高碧溪Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Margalef丰度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数均高于成屏水库,且2种调查方式得出的结论较为一致。由此可见,eDNA宏条形码技术比传统调查方法能够发现更多物种,具有更高的敏感性,但与实际捕获的鱼类物种组成存在较大差异,因此本研究认为eDNA宏条形码技术目前仅可以作为传统渔业调查方法的参考依据,利用该技术给出的调查结论需持谨慎态度。展开更多
The present researches mentioned questions of economic use of domestic triticale and their influences on a phytosanitory condition and fertility of an irrigated arable land in the Chuy Valley of Kyrgyzstan. The result...The present researches mentioned questions of economic use of domestic triticale and their influences on a phytosanitory condition and fertility of an irrigated arable land in the Chuy Valley of Kyrgyzstan. The result of the work consists of four tables, purpose of the work was to discover roots systems, nutrion value and the main laboratory testing of samples were conducted at the Humboldt University in Berlin, which was completed under the high and compliant standards of the world. The present research conducted on triticale varieties was firstly studied in Kyrgyzstan.展开更多
Predation rate with relation to species, sex and water temperature was tested among four different gammaridean spe- cies： Dikerogammarus villosus, Gammarus roeselii, Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum. Tests were p...Predation rate with relation to species, sex and water temperature was tested among four different gammaridean spe- cies： Dikerogammarus villosus, Gammarus roeselii, Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum. Tests were performed in micro- cosms in climate-controlled rooms at five different temperatures. Daphnia magna, a common water flea, served as prey. On ave- rage D. villosus showed the highest consumption rate of Daphnia magna over the entire temperature range, followed in decreas- ing order by G pulex, G roeselii and G fossarum. The predation rate of all species showed a distinct peak at 20~C. Correction of predation rates for body size gave somewhat different results. D. villosus is then still the most predatory of all gammaridean spe- cies tested followed by G. pulex, G. fossarum and G roeselii. The outcome of the Daphnia tests is consistent with results of other studies with different prey. This supports that the Daphnia test is a good and quick indicator of the predatory abilities in gam- maridean species at varying temperatures, and allows the prediction of how changing temperature regimes influence invasion impacts展开更多
The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs.In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and t...The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs.In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus) for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area.The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate,and a delay on germination,but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration.Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species.These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied,and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.展开更多
Forty-eight vinegar samples including white vinegar, rice vinegar and mature vinegar were collected from several markets in Beijing. Butyltin compounds were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled ...Forty-eight vinegar samples including white vinegar, rice vinegar and mature vinegar were collected from several markets in Beijing. Butyltin compounds were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame photometric detector after in situ ethylation with sodium tetraethylborate. Butyltin species were detected in sixteen vinegar samples and ranged from 0.012 to 14.10 lag Sn L 1. The detection rate of white vinegar is higher than that of rice vinegar and mature vinegar. Vinegar samples with relatively high butyltin concentration (〉1.5 μg Sn L-1) were those stored in plastic bags, indicating that the plastic bag was one of the possible sources of butyltin contamination. This was further confirmed by the leaching experiments of three selected plastic bags, and monobutyltin was detected in the leaching solvents. According to the estimation, the average daily intake of total butyltin compounds through vinegar consumption is about 0.04 ng Sn/kg b.w., much lower than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 100 ng Sn/kg b.w. set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).展开更多
文摘为掌握邵伯湖浮游动物物种组成,利用环境DNA技术于2018年11月对其浮游动物群落进行了监测。在邵伯湖15个采样点同步进行了水样采集,抽滤后进行了DNA提取,利用线粒体DNA 12S r RNA引物进行PCR扩增,并进行了高通量测序。结果显示,从二代测序的1114482条DNA序列中,比对得到浮游动物OTUs数68个。利用宏条形码共检出浮游动物22种(隶属于14科18属),邵伯湖浮游动物功能群以轮虫滤食者RF为主,各样点浮游动物α和β多样性的各项指数较为均匀,表明邵伯湖各区域的浮游动物多样性水平较接近。环境DNA技术适用于浅水湖泊浮游动物群落监测,在现阶段的淡水浮游动物资源监测中,该技术宜与传统的监测方法结合使用。
文摘环境DNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA metabarcoding)技术在调查鱼类物种丰度和多样性方面具有快速、高效、环境友好等优势,但其敏感性和有效性需进一步评估。本研究选择位于瓯江水系上游一级支流松荫溪发源地的高碧溪和成屏水库作为调查水域,分别利用传统捕捞方法和eDNA宏条形码技术对2个水域的鱼类物种进行调查。结果表明:捕捞方法在2个水域共发现鱼类24种,88%鱼类物种(21种)在瓯江水系有记录,其中高碧溪采集到鱼类12种,隶属于4目8科11属,成屏水库采集到鱼类16种,隶属于3目4科14属。eDNA宏条形码技术在2个水域共检测到鱼类31种,有84%的物种(26种)在瓯江水系有记录,其中高碧溪共检测出28种,隶属于5目12科25属,成屏水库共检测出27种,隶属于6目11科25属。然而,2种调查方法在溪流中共同发现的鱼类仅1种,在水库中共同发现的鱼类也只有5种。此外,高碧溪Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Margalef丰度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数均高于成屏水库,且2种调查方式得出的结论较为一致。由此可见,eDNA宏条形码技术比传统调查方法能够发现更多物种,具有更高的敏感性,但与实际捕获的鱼类物种组成存在较大差异,因此本研究认为eDNA宏条形码技术目前仅可以作为传统渔业调查方法的参考依据,利用该技术给出的调查结论需持谨慎态度。
文摘The present researches mentioned questions of economic use of domestic triticale and their influences on a phytosanitory condition and fertility of an irrigated arable land in the Chuy Valley of Kyrgyzstan. The result of the work consists of four tables, purpose of the work was to discover roots systems, nutrion value and the main laboratory testing of samples were conducted at the Humboldt University in Berlin, which was completed under the high and compliant standards of the world. The present research conducted on triticale varieties was firstly studied in Kyrgyzstan.
文摘Predation rate with relation to species, sex and water temperature was tested among four different gammaridean spe- cies： Dikerogammarus villosus, Gammarus roeselii, Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum. Tests were performed in micro- cosms in climate-controlled rooms at five different temperatures. Daphnia magna, a common water flea, served as prey. On ave- rage D. villosus showed the highest consumption rate of Daphnia magna over the entire temperature range, followed in decreas- ing order by G pulex, G roeselii and G fossarum. The predation rate of all species showed a distinct peak at 20~C. Correction of predation rates for body size gave somewhat different results. D. villosus is then still the most predatory of all gammaridean spe- cies tested followed by G. pulex, G. fossarum and G roeselii. The outcome of the Daphnia tests is consistent with results of other studies with different prey. This supports that the Daphnia test is a good and quick indicator of the predatory abilities in gam- maridean species at varying temperatures, and allows the prediction of how changing temperature regimes influence invasion impacts
基金Supported by Brazil National Petroleum Agency and Petrobras(No.PRH-ANP/MME/MCT 27)
文摘The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs.In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus) for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area.The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate,and a delay on germination,but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration.Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species.These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied,and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.
基金support under the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421605)National Key Water Program(2009ZX07207-002-03)National Natural Science Foundation of China (20977096)
文摘Forty-eight vinegar samples including white vinegar, rice vinegar and mature vinegar were collected from several markets in Beijing. Butyltin compounds were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame photometric detector after in situ ethylation with sodium tetraethylborate. Butyltin species were detected in sixteen vinegar samples and ranged from 0.012 to 14.10 lag Sn L 1. The detection rate of white vinegar is higher than that of rice vinegar and mature vinegar. Vinegar samples with relatively high butyltin concentration (〉1.5 μg Sn L-1) were those stored in plastic bags, indicating that the plastic bag was one of the possible sources of butyltin contamination. This was further confirmed by the leaching experiments of three selected plastic bags, and monobutyltin was detected in the leaching solvents. According to the estimation, the average daily intake of total butyltin compounds through vinegar consumption is about 0.04 ng Sn/kg b.w., much lower than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 100 ng Sn/kg b.w. set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
