采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法,结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(GC-O-MS),对六款不同色度的特种麦芽(高香麦芽、饼干麦芽、焦香麦芽、结晶麦芽、巧克力麦芽和黑麦芽)进行挥发性风味物质鉴定,从六款特种麦芽中一共鉴定出风味化合物41种...采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法,结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(GC-O-MS),对六款不同色度的特种麦芽(高香麦芽、饼干麦芽、焦香麦芽、结晶麦芽、巧克力麦芽和黑麦芽)进行挥发性风味物质鉴定,从六款特种麦芽中一共鉴定出风味化合物41种,其中醛类20种、吡嗪类7种、醇类4种、酚类1种、杂环化合物类9种。采用Rate That All Apply(RATA)感官评价方法对特种麦芽的感官特性强度进行打分,结果表明,随着特种麦芽颜色的加深,其甜香果香逐渐降低,咖啡味和烟熏味逐渐增加。通过偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)建立特种麦芽风味物质与感官特性的相关性,结果表明不同种类杂环化合物的协同作用解释了巧克力麦芽和黑麦芽的主体风味,不同种类吡嗪化合物的协同作用解释了饼干麦芽的主体风味,但该模型对高香麦芽、焦香麦芽、结晶麦芽的主体风味解释欠佳,有待下一步探索。展开更多
Malting process includes steeping, germination and kilning of cereal grains in controlled conditions. The Kilning process is the most expensive stage of malting industry. In the present study, drying behavior of green...Malting process includes steeping, germination and kilning of cereal grains in controlled conditions. The Kilning process is the most expensive stage of malting industry. In the present study, drying behavior of green malt of two different barley varieties （Sahra and Dasht） were evaluated at air temperatures ranging from 40 to 85 ℃, at constant air velocity of 6 m/s. The main objective of this research was to select the best drying equations, in order to use them for the calculation of drying time and energy consumption. For that the experimental data was fitted to five thin layer drying equations （Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Modified page and Two-term）. The coefficients of the equations were compared by three statistical parameters as residual sum of squares, standard error of estimate and mean relative deviation. The effect of temperature on the coefficients of the five selected equations was evaluated by linear regression. The results show that The Page model was found to be most suitable in describing the drying characteristics of green barley malt because of that has the lowest statistical parameters. The color of green barley malt was determined after drying using a spectro-colorimeter （Hunter Lab） in terms of Hunter L, a, and b values. Color measurement indicated that the AE index increased with an increase in drying air temperature.展开更多
文摘采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法,结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(GC-O-MS),对六款不同色度的特种麦芽(高香麦芽、饼干麦芽、焦香麦芽、结晶麦芽、巧克力麦芽和黑麦芽)进行挥发性风味物质鉴定,从六款特种麦芽中一共鉴定出风味化合物41种,其中醛类20种、吡嗪类7种、醇类4种、酚类1种、杂环化合物类9种。采用Rate That All Apply(RATA)感官评价方法对特种麦芽的感官特性强度进行打分,结果表明,随着特种麦芽颜色的加深,其甜香果香逐渐降低,咖啡味和烟熏味逐渐增加。通过偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)建立特种麦芽风味物质与感官特性的相关性,结果表明不同种类杂环化合物的协同作用解释了巧克力麦芽和黑麦芽的主体风味,不同种类吡嗪化合物的协同作用解释了饼干麦芽的主体风味,但该模型对高香麦芽、焦香麦芽、结晶麦芽的主体风味解释欠佳,有待下一步探索。
文摘Malting process includes steeping, germination and kilning of cereal grains in controlled conditions. The Kilning process is the most expensive stage of malting industry. In the present study, drying behavior of green malt of two different barley varieties （Sahra and Dasht） were evaluated at air temperatures ranging from 40 to 85 ℃, at constant air velocity of 6 m/s. The main objective of this research was to select the best drying equations, in order to use them for the calculation of drying time and energy consumption. For that the experimental data was fitted to five thin layer drying equations （Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Modified page and Two-term）. The coefficients of the equations were compared by three statistical parameters as residual sum of squares, standard error of estimate and mean relative deviation. The effect of temperature on the coefficients of the five selected equations was evaluated by linear regression. The results show that The Page model was found to be most suitable in describing the drying characteristics of green barley malt because of that has the lowest statistical parameters. The color of green barley malt was determined after drying using a spectro-colorimeter （Hunter Lab） in terms of Hunter L, a, and b values. Color measurement indicated that the AE index increased with an increase in drying air temperature.
