化肥配施人尿对生菜品质和土壤性质的影响

为了研究尿液与化肥不同配比对生菜品质性状和土壤微生物群落的影响,该文以生菜为研究对象,通过盆栽培养的方式,探究适宜生菜生长的尿液与化肥配施比例(CK(不施肥),T1(1.0 g尿素+3.3 g磷酸二氢钙+0.9 g硫酸钾),T2(0.235 gN当量人尿+0.5 g尿素+3.19 g磷酸二氢钙+0.75 g硫酸钾),T3(0.47 gN当量人尿+3.05 g磷酸二氢钙+0.6 g硫酸钾)),并研究不同比例下尿液与化肥配施对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,尿液与化肥配施能够提高生菜的鲜重和株高,T2水平下生菜的株高和鲜重最高,株高较T1和T3分别提高了25.01%和138.89%,鲜重较T1和T3分别提高了48.81%和67.79%。土壤的理化性质中,TN、TP、AP、AK、NH_(4)^(+)-N、SOM和EC在不同人尿化肥配比下相较于CK处理均有所提高,T3分别较CK提高了29.21%、11.47%、77.38%、54.29%、200%、13.95%和2.94倍。在人尿和化肥配施实验中,高人尿占比会降低生菜土壤的细菌群落丰度,尤其是变形菌门(Proteobac⁃teria)的相对丰度,T1和T2处理使变形菌门的相对丰度较CK增加27.54%和6.68%,而T3处理则使变形菌门的丰度降低了8.32%。综上所述,尿液与化肥配施会提高生菜品质和土壤质量,但是会降低土壤中微生物丰度,在正常施用磷、钾肥的情况下,最佳施用比例为65 mL尿液配0.5 g尿素(1∶1,以N计)。

不同氮肥施用模式对日光温室生菜品质及土壤环境影响

研究不同的氮肥施用模式对日光温室生菜品质及土壤环境影响。结果表明:生菜生产应采用以基肥为主的施肥模式,蔬菜施肥两周后采收较安全。氮肥早施对蔬菜品质有利,也避免硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐大量积累,后期追肥过多过晚不利于蔬菜品质提高,也威胁蔬菜和土壤安全,蔬菜生长后期不宜过多追肥。

基于YOLOX-MSBP机器视觉技术的生菜品质预测

针对传统机器视觉方法如YOLO在农产品质量检测中效率低下及准确性不足的问题,提出一种基于YOLOX-MSBP的机器视觉技术检测方法。YOLOX-MSBP检测方法旨在开发一种改进的机器视觉模型,以提高生菜品质的预测精度和处理速度。YOLOX-MSBP检测方法采用了Micro-branch检测分支、优化的主干网络和特征融合网络,并结合交叉验证技术对模型进行训练和优化。YOLOX-MSBP检测方法首先对YOLOX-MSBP模型进行了详细的网络结构设计,重点优化了特征提取和融合过程。通过对大规模数据集的训练和测试,模型在生菜品质预测任务上达到了超过95%的准确率。实验结果表明,该模型在提高预测速度和准确性方面均优于现有的机器视觉方法。基于YOLOX-MSBP的模型在生菜品质预测中表现出较高的性能,可为农业生产提供更有效的品质评估工具。建议未来研究可以将此模型应用于更多类型的农产品,以推广其在农业自动化检测中的应用。

土壤调理剂对生菜生产及土壤养分的影响研究

为探究土壤调理剂对生菜生产及土壤养分的影响,本研究通过对生菜施加富都一号、土康健1号和土康健2号等4种土壤调理剂,测定其对生菜产量、株高、株幅和叶片数(商品菜)等指标的影响,初步筛选适宜该地区施用的土壤调理剂。结果表明,土康健2号、矿源黄腐酸钾处理的生菜较CK(未施加调理剂)分别增产了2.60%和3.66%;矿源黄腐酸钾处理的株高和株幅较CK分别提高了1.01%和1.04%,4种调理剂均可提高生菜叶片数、叶绿素含量、氮含量和叶面湿度,以富都一号处理的促进作用较强;土康健1号处理的叶片维生素C和蛋白质含量较CK分别提高30.23%、12.26%,矿源黄腐酸钾处理较CK分别提高29.46%、10.38%;矿源黄腐酸钾处理的土壤pH、速效钾和有效磷含量较CK分别提高了2.18%、0.73%和3.77%。综上,矿源黄腐酸钾处理可促进生菜增产,提高生菜叶片维生素C、蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量,同时对土壤pH、速效钾和有效磷含量提升有一定的促进作用,在土壤调理和生菜生产中综合促进效果较好,可在本地推广应用。

沼肥对无土栽培生菜产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验研究沼肥对无土栽培生菜产量和品质的影响。试验以1∶1的泥炭和珍珠岩混合物为栽培基质,设施沼肥组、施化肥组和不施肥组(对照组)。施肥组设置3个施肥水平,相同施肥水平的沼肥组和化肥组栽培基质含等量的氮、磷、钾。结果表明,与施用化肥相比,在2 L栽培基质中施用100、200、300 g沼肥,可使生菜产量分别提高58.55%、108.08%和99.12%,还原糖分别提高11.59%、9.87%和74.48%,总糖分别提高4.31%、65.22%和72.56%,Vc分别提高106.67%、95.24%和47.62%,硝酸盐分别降低85.37%、82.63%和87.61%。沼肥用于无土栽培不仅可以提高作物产量,还可显著改善其品质,对发展无公害绿色农业具有重要的意义。

自制环保酵素对盆栽生菜产量、品质及其土壤化学性质的影响

为探究施用不同浓度酵素对大棚盆栽生菜产量、品质及其土壤理化性质的影响,找出最适宜盆栽生菜施用的浓度。完成环保酵素的制作之后,将酵素稀释成以下10个浓度梯度:0∶0、1∶100、1∶300、1∶500、1∶700、1∶900、1∶1100、1∶1300、1∶1500、1∶1700,并将这10个浓度酵素作为叶面追肥施用在生菜种植上。对各处理的生菜产量、品质及其土壤化学性质进行测定研究。结果表明:将酵素稀释成比例1∶900时对盆栽生菜的产量、品质起到最大的促进作用,并能有效的改善土壤化学性质。

袖珍菇菇渣栽培基质对生菜生长的影响

以袖珍菇菇渣作为生菜的栽培基质,设置6个不同的菇渣梯度,以探究菇渣循环利用和有机生菜高效栽培方法。结果表明,10%袖珍菇添加量可使生菜的叶绿素含量达到最高值,25%袖珍菇添加量使生菜叶面积、鲜重和干重等生长性能达到最大值,并显著高于对照组,叶绿素、维生素C和可溶性蛋白含量与对照组相比也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。因此,添加袖珍菇菇渣可以提高生菜生长性能及品质。

Bacillus halotolerans G20联合生物炭及钾长石对生菜吸收镉和改良土壤的影响

[目的]本文旨在探究细菌与不同钝化剂联合阻控生菜吸收重金属、修复重金属污染土壤的作用。[方法]采集南京市某矿区镉污染土壤为盆栽试验土壤,选用生物炭(B)和钾长石(K)作为钝化剂与镉抗性细菌Bacillus halotolerans G20菌株联合,探究不同处理对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.var.ramosa Hort.)地上部干质量、Cd含量、营养品质和根际土壤pH值、有机质含量、Cd形态变化的影响。[结果]与对照相比,菌株G20、生物炭、钾长石及其固体菌剂均能增加生菜地上部干质量,降低生菜Cd含量。其中,菌株G20与生物炭制备的固体菌剂(G20L+B)使生菜地上部Cd含量显著降低53.1%,降至0.15 mg·kg^-1,低于国家食品安全生产限量标准。该固体菌剂处理还能显著提高生菜根际土壤细菌数量(16.5%)、pH值(0.3)和有机质含量(44.6%),降低根际土壤有效态Cd含量(45.4%),显著增加生菜中维生素C含量(32.9%),降低亚硝酸盐含量(38.8%),减轻Cd对生菜的毒害,提高生菜品质。[结论]B.halotolerans G20与生物炭制备的固体菌剂具有修复中度Cd污染土壤,保障蔬菜安全生产的潜力。

温室多层立体栽培联合补光对生菜产量及品质的影响

针对温室单层栽培模式空间利用率低,资源浪费的问题,以阿奎诺生菜为研究对象,探究温室多层立体栽培结合人工补光模式对生菜产量、品质及电能利用率的影响。试验结果表明:栽培架中层和下层补光处理能显著提高生菜总干物质量。中、下层补光处理下,每增加1%日光照累积量(Daily light integral,DLI),单位面积产量分别增加0.6%和0.8%。栽培架中层补光处理、下层补光处理和对照上层不补光处理叶片比叶面积(Specific leaf area,SLA)比中层和下层不补光处理更小,即叶片更厚。高光强下生长的叶片在光合能力及光化学成分的形成有明显的促进作用,补光处理下叶片中的可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量均高于不补光处理。在补光处理下虽然耗电量增加了,但生菜产量也明显提高了,补光处理下的投入/产出值与栽培架最上层不补光处理差异不显著为0.08~0.09kW·h/g,但均明显高于中、下层不补光处理的0.2~0.3kW·h/g,而且温室中采用3层栽培模式后,空间利用率提高了2倍。

A Comparative Study on the Quality Components Between Self Pollinated Seeds and Naturally Pollinated Seeds in Brassica napus L. in Sichuan Ecological Region

[ Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in crude fat and glucosinolates between self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds in Brassica napus in sichuan ecological region.. [ Method] Near-infrared spectroscopy method （NIRS） was employed to measure the quality components in self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds of 861 shares of Brassica napus from Sichuan ecological region. And correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted based on the experimental data via SPSS （statistics package for social science）. [ Result] The contents of crude fat in the self pollinated seeds were commonly a higher than that in the naturally pollinated seeds at 0.01 significant level; while the contents of glucosinolates in the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds were insignificantly different. Both the correlation relationship and linear regression for the crude fat between the self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds reached the significant level. The regression equations for the contents of crude fat（y1 ） and glucosinolates（ y2 ） in the naturally pollinated seeds and of crude fat（ x1 ） and glucosinolates（ x2 ） in self pollinated seeds were respectively determined to be y1 = 16.844 ＋0.614x1 and y2 = -0.620 ＋ 1.017 x2. [ Conclusion] In Brassica napus breeding, crude fat in naturally pollinated seeds should be emphatically taken into account, meanwhile concurrently considering that in self pollinated seeds; while glucosinolates in both the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds must be simultaneously concerned.

Effect of Combined Use of Boron and Manganese Fertilizers on the Nutritional Quality and Physiological Indices of Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis L.var.utilis

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of com-bined use of boron and manganese fertilizers on the nutritional quality and physio-logical indices of Brassica campestris. [Method] In the nutrient solutions for growing B. campestris by hydroponics, boric acid and manganese sulfate were added at 0.5, 2.5, and 7.5 mg/L respectively. Another treatment without boron and manganese was prepared as the control. Quality and physiological indices of B. campestris in the 10 treatments were measured. [Result] Boron and manganese shared obvious in-teraction in improving the quality and physiological indices of B. campestris. To cul-tivate B. campestris with high quality and strong resistance, the optimum concentra-tions of boron and manganese in the nutrient solution should be 2.5 mg/L boric acid and 2.5-7.5 mg/L manganese sulfate. [Conclusion] The findings wil provide refer-ence for studying effects of trace elements on nutrient composition of vegetables.

Effects of SPNE on Yield and Biochemical Quality of Hybrid Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Objective] The effects of SPNE on the yield and biochemical quality of flowering Chinese cabbage were investigated in this study. [Method] The special plant nutritional element （SPNE） was sprayed on the flowering Chinese cabbage plants after the beginning of harvesting. The effects of SPNE on the yield traits and biochemical quality traits of flowering Chinese cabbage were investigated in the un-conventional using period. [Results] The results showed the flowering stalk of flow-ering Chinese cabbage developed earlier and grew fasterly for the SPNE treatment;the diameter, length and weight of flowering stalk of SPNE-treated flowering Chi-nese cabbage were al higher than that of control. The SPNE treatment could not only increase yield, but also bring better biochemical quality. The protein, vitamin C and calcium contents, especial y the chlorophyl and sugar contents in the SPNE-treated flowering Chinese cabbage were al higher than that of control, making the SPNE-treated flowering Chinese cabbage taste better. [Conclusion] lt was indicated although sprayed after the beginning of harvesting, the SPNE had a certain effect on the flowering Chinese cabbage.

Progress on Light-controlled Preservation Technology of Postharvest Vegetables

Preservation technology of light control has received the widespread atten- tion for its safety, green, environmental-protection, high efficiency. It has become the hotspot in the area of postharvest vegetables preservation. It could mainly be divid- ed into three categories： LED preservation, UV preservation and radiation preserva- tion. This paper systematically reviewed the mechanisms of different preservation technology of light control, summarized the research progress of light-controlled tech- nology in the physiological characteristics regulation, maintenance of nutritional quali- ty and microbial control of postharvest vegetables at home and aborad, and prospected the further studies on preservation technology for postharvest vegetables.