We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and o...We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and oviposition microhabitat; (2) the most suitable oviposition sites were 30 cm higher than water level and 45 cm from the water body; (3) oviposition sites usually overlapped;(4) embryos could develop and hatch normally in water as well as on land. The hatching rate on land was high (94 3%), but the number of hatchlings that successfully migrated to water was low (52%±11%, n =3 in the laboratory, and approximatly 20% in nature). Based on the situation in laboratory, the average hatchling survival rate at all oviposition sites was 36 7%. Owing to oviposition on land, the reproductive success of Chinhai salamander was very low;(5) protecting the spawning sites and increasing the hatchling survival rate are the keys to conserving this species.展开更多
Endemic to eastern Asia, the Japanese marsh warbler Megalurus pryeri is classified as “vulnerable” in the IUCN Red Data List. Very little information is available concerning the breeding biology of this species. Fro...Endemic to eastern Asia, the Japanese marsh warbler Megalurus pryeri is classified as “vulnerable” in the IUCN Red Data List. Very little information is available concerning the breeding biology of this species. From April to July 2004, we studied the breeding ecology of M.pryeri sinensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve, in northeastern China. The breeding season extended from late May until early August, with a peak in mid-June. Nest building and care of the young was undertaken primarily by females. Males defended their nesting territories, and drove away male intruders. The eggs of the Japanese marsh warbler are white, with tiny fawn spots (greatest diameter=16.88±0.86 mm,n=14); shortest diameter=12.76±0.51 mm,n=14). Clutch size averaged 5.4±1.2 (range 4-7 eggs, n=38 clutches). Incubation lasted for 10-13 days (Mean=11.9±0.8 days, n=18), with a hatching success of 59.9%. The nestling period (range 9-12 days, Mean 10.1±0.9 days, n=15) resulting in a fledgling success rate of 67.5%. Total breeding success was 41.4%. The main cause of nesting failure include human disturbance (cutting reeds), predation, and effects of grazing and flooding.展开更多
文摘We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and oviposition microhabitat; (2) the most suitable oviposition sites were 30 cm higher than water level and 45 cm from the water body; (3) oviposition sites usually overlapped;(4) embryos could develop and hatch normally in water as well as on land. The hatching rate on land was high (94 3%), but the number of hatchlings that successfully migrated to water was low (52%±11%, n =3 in the laboratory, and approximatly 20% in nature). Based on the situation in laboratory, the average hatchling survival rate at all oviposition sites was 36 7%. Owing to oviposition on land, the reproductive success of Chinhai salamander was very low;(5) protecting the spawning sites and increasing the hatchling survival rate are the keys to conserving this species.
文摘Endemic to eastern Asia, the Japanese marsh warbler Megalurus pryeri is classified as “vulnerable” in the IUCN Red Data List. Very little information is available concerning the breeding biology of this species. From April to July 2004, we studied the breeding ecology of M.pryeri sinensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve, in northeastern China. The breeding season extended from late May until early August, with a peak in mid-June. Nest building and care of the young was undertaken primarily by females. Males defended their nesting territories, and drove away male intruders. The eggs of the Japanese marsh warbler are white, with tiny fawn spots (greatest diameter=16.88±0.86 mm,n=14); shortest diameter=12.76±0.51 mm,n=14). Clutch size averaged 5.4±1.2 (range 4-7 eggs, n=38 clutches). Incubation lasted for 10-13 days (Mean=11.9±0.8 days, n=18), with a hatching success of 59.9%. The nestling period (range 9-12 days, Mean 10.1±0.9 days, n=15) resulting in a fledgling success rate of 67.5%. Total breeding success was 41.4%. The main cause of nesting failure include human disturbance (cutting reeds), predation, and effects of grazing and flooding.
