This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibi...This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibiting acts, political power disciplines and normalizes subjects. Foucault＇s alternative consists in practices of aesthetic self-creation not linked to transcendent or natural order. Within Augustine＇s account of the purposive nature of love and desire, however, lies an implicit critique of Foucault＇s ethic of aesthetic self-creation. Augustine＇s eudaimonism allows him to resist the process of normalization. Augustine provides an alternative to both modem political practice and a Foucauldian practice of aesthetic self-creation.展开更多
An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while ...An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while other scholars argue that presidents use them to enhance their policy in conjunction with Congress in times of strong congressional support （Shull ＆ Gomez, 1997; Krause ＆ Cohen, 1997）. This study applies the same theoretical debate to another presidential unilateral power, monument proclamations. The author argued that presidents strategically issue monument proclamations when they face a hostile political environment and have lost their power of persuasion. The author examined presidential monument proclamations from 1929-2000 using an event-count model. The study shows that presidents are more inclined to use monumental proclamations when they are politically weak especially during their lame duck months when they have the least political power and influence.展开更多
This article deals with the relation between ethics and financial and budgetary discipline during economic and social recession in the Czech Republic. We find causes of economic and social recession in the Czech Repub...This article deals with the relation between ethics and financial and budgetary discipline during economic and social recession in the Czech Republic. We find causes of economic and social recession in the Czech Republic in the loss of democratic and human values. Czech Republic was ranked the 57th place in the Corruption Perceptions index 2013 out of the 177 countries assessed, which is the same result achieved by Bahrain, Croatia, and Namibia. Among the 31 European Union （EU） member states and Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland, the Czech Republic is on the 25th site. Market as well as public sector and public finances should follow unwritten rules of ethics and ethical behavior. Such rules should be followed especially by politicians, officials, soldiers, and businessmen. Do we need ethics in present time？ How is the role of the code of ethics in increasing financial and budgetary discipline in the defence sector？ Is it possible to measure efficiency of the code of ethics for financial and budgetary discipline？ We explain the importance of codes of ethics and formulate essential elements that each code of ethics must contain. Next, we deal with the main rules of both financial and budgetary disciplines. Furthermore, this article offers a comparison of several codes of ethics and describes the main problems in our implementation. In the end, we introduce our draft of Code of Ethics for Economic Service Officer in the Ministry of Defence and talk about possible influences of these codes on the quality of employee＇s performance.展开更多
文摘This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibiting acts, political power disciplines and normalizes subjects. Foucault＇s alternative consists in practices of aesthetic self-creation not linked to transcendent or natural order. Within Augustine＇s account of the purposive nature of love and desire, however, lies an implicit critique of Foucault＇s ethic of aesthetic self-creation. Augustine＇s eudaimonism allows him to resist the process of normalization. Augustine provides an alternative to both modem political practice and a Foucauldian practice of aesthetic self-creation.
文摘An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while other scholars argue that presidents use them to enhance their policy in conjunction with Congress in times of strong congressional support （Shull ＆ Gomez, 1997; Krause ＆ Cohen, 1997）. This study applies the same theoretical debate to another presidential unilateral power, monument proclamations. The author argued that presidents strategically issue monument proclamations when they face a hostile political environment and have lost their power of persuasion. The author examined presidential monument proclamations from 1929-2000 using an event-count model. The study shows that presidents are more inclined to use monumental proclamations when they are politically weak especially during their lame duck months when they have the least political power and influence.
文摘This article deals with the relation between ethics and financial and budgetary discipline during economic and social recession in the Czech Republic. We find causes of economic and social recession in the Czech Republic in the loss of democratic and human values. Czech Republic was ranked the 57th place in the Corruption Perceptions index 2013 out of the 177 countries assessed, which is the same result achieved by Bahrain, Croatia, and Namibia. Among the 31 European Union （EU） member states and Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland, the Czech Republic is on the 25th site. Market as well as public sector and public finances should follow unwritten rules of ethics and ethical behavior. Such rules should be followed especially by politicians, officials, soldiers, and businessmen. Do we need ethics in present time？ How is the role of the code of ethics in increasing financial and budgetary discipline in the defence sector？ Is it possible to measure efficiency of the code of ethics for financial and budgetary discipline？ We explain the importance of codes of ethics and formulate essential elements that each code of ethics must contain. Next, we deal with the main rules of both financial and budgetary disciplines. Furthermore, this article offers a comparison of several codes of ethics and describes the main problems in our implementation. In the end, we introduce our draft of Code of Ethics for Economic Service Officer in the Ministry of Defence and talk about possible influences of these codes on the quality of employee＇s performance.
