补虚化瘀方拮抗细胞毒剂所致荷瘤小鼠骨髓抑制的实验研究

目的 观察补虚化瘀方对荷瘤小鼠化疗后骨抑制及血液流变学的影响。方法 对接种P388白血病瘤株的小鼠 ,当天即开始予补虚化瘀方灌胃 ,连用 1 3天。将给药小鼠分为高、低剂量组 ,另设正常、模型、化疗对照组。接种后第 6日、 7日分别给化疗、高剂量、低剂量组腹腔注射环磷酰胺(1 5 0mg/kg)、阿糖胞苷 (1 5 0mg/kg)联合冲击化疗。用流式细胞仪检测小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期以及血液流变学的变化。结果 (1 )化疗使荷瘤小鼠骨髓细胞合成期 (S)细胞数降低 (P <0 0 1 ) ,在中药高剂量组骨髓细胞合成期 (S)细胞数升高 (P <0 0 1 ) ,并恢复至正常水平 (P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )小鼠荷瘤状态血液粘滞度增高 ,微循环障碍 ,化疗又进一步加重以上反应。中药高剂量组血液粘滞度降低、微循环得到改善 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 补虚化瘀方对环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷所致荷瘤小鼠骨髓抑制有一定的保护作用 ;

基于模式病毒评价商品化消毒剂对非洲猪瘟病毒的消杀效果

为了解常用商品化消毒剂对非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)的消杀效果,为其消毒剂的筛选提供参考。该研究利用伪狂犬病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)与ASFV病毒理化特征的相似性,以PRV作为替代标识毒株,建立了消毒剂细胞评价模型,于体外检测了3种市售消毒剂对生长在BHK-21细胞中PRV的灭活效果。分别从3类消毒剂的不同方面对消毒剂抗病毒作用的影响进行消杀效果的评估。研究显示,有效含量为0.125 g·L^(-1)的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液,以及有效含量为0.5 g·L^(-1)的过氧乙酸溶液和二氯异氰脲酸钠,在室温作用30 min,均可有效灭活PRV。其中,过氧乙酸综合评价最优;戊二醛癸甲溴铵性价比最高,但所需消杀时间较长,受低温影响比较严重。该研究可为养殖场防控ASFV的感染提供消毒剂筛选的理论依据,并对ASFV的消毒标准提供参考。

抗体偶联药物在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

抗体—药物偶联物是由特异性的单克隆抗体和高细胞毒性的化学药物通过连接子组合而成,不仅可以解决单克隆抗体临床效果差、毒副作用较大的问题,还能将化学小分子药物特定地靶向到肿瘤细胞,使药物疗效最大化。目前,随着抗体偶联药物的不断发展,在肿瘤的临床治疗应用也逐渐广泛,具有广阔发展前景。

植物多糖的药理研究概况

多糖(Polysaccharide)是一类天然的大分子化合物,在自然界中分布极广,对动植物的生命至关重要。近年来,发现植物多糖是一种非细胞毒剂,具有广泛的生物活性。它在医药领域中的应用越来越广,本文综述了近几年植物多糖的药理研究概况。

妊娠、哺乳期治疗药物的选用

目的 :总结国内外关于妊娠及哺乳期女性用药的安全性资料 ,以减少药物在妊娠、哺乳期造成的不良后果 ,为临床医师、药师、护师等的用药提供参考。方法 :通过文献检索 ,收集相关研究及信息资料。结果 :抗癫痫药、类维生素A类药、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、抗甲状腺药、苯二氮 艹卓 类药、β阻滞剂、非甾体抗炎药、四环素类、喹诺酮类药物、氨基糖苷类药物、氯霉素、磺胺类药物、红霉素酯化物、呋喃类、细胞毒剂、抗病毒药、华法令、脂溶性高或毒副作用大的药物 ,以及有毒、大寒大热、活血化瘀的中草药、中药制剂 ,对于妊娠、哺乳期妇女来说 ,都应禁用或慎用。结论 :育龄妇女用药时 ,应考虑潜在的妊娠可能 ,哺乳期妇女用药需要有明确指征 。

糠皮质激素对老年和老年前期肾病综合征治疗观察

目的 为探讨糖皮质激素、细胞毒剂及抗凝药治疗老年和老年前期原发性肾病综合征的疗效。方法 对78例患者进行了疗效观察。结果 本组病人治疗后完全缓解率34.6％,部分缓解率38.5％;血清肌酐升高不是治疗禁忌证,但应密切观察,治疗后20d内无缓解倾向者则应停用;伴有肉眼血尿者应慎用;存在糖耐量降低者,在配合降糖药同时仍可治疗。结论 糖皮质激素对老年和老年前期原发性肾病综合征治疗完全有效。

护士配制化疗药存在的问题及安全防护

化疗是治疗肿瘤常规而有效的手段之一，而大多数的化疗药是细胞毒剂，治疗剂量和中毒剂量是非常接近的。国内外研究发现化疗药对实验动物有致突变、致畸、致癌的危险。经常接触化疗药的医务人员的人体细胞染色体有较多的异常现象，长期接触者可出现白细胞下降、脱发、月经异常等反应，慢性损害可能是癌症、基因改变、流产、和畸胎产生的原因之一，因此，护士配制化疗药时如何做好安全防护值得我们进行探讨。

肿瘤科护士职业暴露的危险与防护

近几年来,随着肿瘤发病率的不断上升,医疗水平的不断提高,放、化疗逐渐成为肿瘤治疗的重要手段,在肿瘤治疗领域广泛开展。现阶段使用的抗肿瘤药物大多数为细胞毒剂,都存在着不同程度的急性或慢性毒性反应,对正常组织及肿瘤组织均有抑制作用,医务人员在对患者进行治疗时,直接或间接接触此类药物，日积月累会对身体造成不同程度的损伤。

Mechanism of inhibitor ADS-J1 and ADS-J2 binding to HIV-1 gp41

In order to analyze and explain the mechanism of the two small inhibitors （ADS-JI and ADS-J2） binding to HIV-1 gp41, a computational study is carried out to help identifying possible binding modes by docking these compounds onto the hydrophobic pocket on gp41 and characterize structures of binding complexes. The binding interactions of gp41-molecule and free energies of binding are obtained through molecular dynamics simulation and molecular mechanic/Poisson- Boitzmann surface area （ MM/PBSA ） calculation. Specific molecular interactions in the gp41-inhibitor complexes are identified. The present computational study complements the corresponding experimental investigation and helps establish a good starting point tbr further refinement of small molecular gp41 inhibitors.

铂基治疗仍是卵巢癌黄金标准

如同其他类型的肿瘤一样，手术仍然是卵巢癌的主要治疗手段，即使是在更晚期的阶段。而肿瘤块细胞的减少涉及到病人的预后，一些不太适宜手术的Ⅲ期病人可能要在切除手术之前进行非辅助性化疗，以降低切除前肿瘤的大小。然而，随着卵巢癌的进展，药物疗法起着更为关键的作用。直到最近，第2和第3代细胞毒剂才成为这种病治疗的必要部分。尽管如此，随着疾病进展预后会恶化，进入到Ⅳ期（治疗仅为更好的生活质量，而不是治愈），5年存活率下降到20％以下。

Antitumor effect of Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, combined with cytotoxic agent on murine hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of gefitinib combined with cytotoxic agent cisplatin (CDDP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Female Kunming mice and H22 hepatocarcinoma cells were used. Gefitinib at daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) or lecithin liquid was given by gastrogavage once a day for 5 or 10 successive days. CDDP or normal saline (NS) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 5 successive days. Mice were randomly divided into control group (lecithin, or NS, i.p.), CDDP group (daily dose, 1.2 mg/kg BW; d1-5, or d6-10), Gefitinib (d1-5, or d6-10, or d1-10), and Gefitinib combined with CDDP groups. The inhibitory rate (IR) of tumor, net BW, spleen index (SI), thymus index (TI) and the amount of peripheral blood cells of mice were detected on the 12th experiment day. RESULTS: The growth of HCC in mice was inhibited by Gefitinib alone (IR: 41% in d1-10 group and 30% in d1-5 group, respectively) or CDDP alone (IR: 32-54% in d1-5 group or d6-10 group). The highest inhibitory effect (IR: 56%) on HCC growth was observed in Gefitinib (d1-10) combined with CDDP (d1-5) group. Higher inhibition was also observed in CDDP (d1-5) followed by Gefitinib (d6-10) group than that in Gefitinib (d1-5) followed by CDDP (d6-10) group (IR: 61% vs 36%, P<0.01) in the independent study. Net BW, SI, TI and the amount of blood cells of mice in Gefitinib alone group were not significantly different from those in control groups. CONCLUSION: Gefitinib can significantly inhibit the growth of murine H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. If Gefitinib is used after CDDP treatment in animal experiments, the inhibitory effect could be enhanced.

Cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient with Behcet’s disease receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitory treatment

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are effective in the treatment of various inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Increased risks of serious infections are the major issues concerning the long-term safety of these agents. We present a case of a young male Behcet’s patient whose disease was complicated by cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis. Colitis started 10 d after the third Infliximab dose and responded to the cessation of TNF blocking treatment and administration of ganciclovir. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma act at several levels in combating viral infections.CMV infections should be kept in mind and included in the differential diagnosis of severe gastrointestinal symptoms in patients receiving anti-TNF agents.

Colitis associated with biological agents

In the past,there has been considerable focus on a host of drugs and chemicals that may produce colonic toxicity.Now,a variety of new biological monoclonal antibody agents,usually administered by infusion,have appeared in the clinical realm over the last decade or so to treat different chronic inflammatory or malignant disorders.For some of these agents,adverse effects have been documented,including apparently new forms of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease.In some,only limited symptoms have been recorded,but in others,severe colitis with serious complications,such as bowel perforation has been recorded.In others,adverse effects may have a direct vascular or ischemic basis,while other intestinal effects may be related to a superimposed infection.Some new onset cases of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease may also be attributed to the same agents used to treat these diseases,or be responsible for disease exacerbation.Dramatic and well documented side effects have been observed with ipilimumab,a humanized monoclonal antibody developed to reduce and overcome cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4,a key negative feedback regulator of the T-cell anti-tumor response.This agent has frequently been used in the treatment of different malignancies,notably,malignant melanoma.Side effects with this agent occur in up to 40% and these are believed to be largely immune-mediated.One of these is a form of enterocolitis that may be severe,and occa-sionally,fatal.Other agents include rituximab(an antiCD20 monoclonal antibody),bevacizumab(a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor) and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents,including infliximab,adalimumab and etanercept.

In vitro Acute Cytotoxicity of Abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder Paralichthy olivaceus

The cytotoxicity of abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder （FG cell line） was examined in this study. It was found that the exposure of FG cells to abamectin caused the decreases of both cell growth rate and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the increase of intracellular 02 content. It was proposed that the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in FG cells caused the accumulation of 02 content in FG cells, leading to the change of cell morphology and even the death of cells. The results showed that FG cell line is suitable for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of abamectin.

Determination of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Red Seaweed, （Gracilaria manilaensis） against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals in human, providing protection against cellular damage in relation to cancer initiation. Seaweeds have been proved to have high antioxidant activity. Thus, this research was carried out to determine the antioxidant and anticancer properties of edible red seaweed, Gracilaria manilaensis （Gracilariales, Rhodophyta）. The extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using organic solvents with different polarities. The antioxidant activities of extracts were determined in terms of their flee radical scavenging activity （RSA IC50） and total phenolic content （TPC）. The cytotoxic activity of extracts were tested against human ovarian cancer cell line （Caov-3）, human breast cancer cell line （MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7）, human cervical cell line （HeLa）, mouse fibroblast cell line （L929） and Madin-Darby canine kidney （MDCK） and the cell viability after 72 h incubation was determined by methylene blue assay. The findings showed that acetone extract has the lowest DPPH IC50 value followed by ethyl acetate extract. Both extracts also showed high values of TPC. Dichloromethane extract had the strongest cytotoxic on MDA-MB-231 （53.90 μg/mL ± 5.59 μg/mL） and HeLa （95.50 μg/mL）. While, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts were cytotoxic on MCF-7 （66.07 μg/mL） and Caov-3 （69.67 μg/mL ± 13.94 μg/mL）. It could be concluded that the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of G. manilaensis were influenced by the types of solvents used and thus had a potential to develop as a cancer chemoprevention or anticancer agent against selected cancer.