The self-attention networks and Transformer have dominated machine translation and natural language processing fields,and shown great potential in image vision tasks such as image classification and object detection.I...The self-attention networks and Transformer have dominated machine translation and natural language processing fields,and shown great potential in image vision tasks such as image classification and object detection.Inspired by the great progress of Transformer,we propose a novel general and robust voxel feature encoder for 3D object detection based on the traditional Transformer.We first investigate the permutation invariance of sequence data of the self-attention and apply it to point cloud processing.Then we construct a voxel feature layer based on the self-attention to adaptively learn local and robust context of a voxel according to the spatial relationship and context information exchanging between all points within the voxel.Lastly,we construct a general voxel feature learning framework with the voxel feature layer as the core for 3D object detection.The voxel feature with Transformer(VFT)can be plugged into any other voxel-based 3D object detection framework easily,and serves as the backbone for voxel feature extractor.Experiments results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on 3D object detection.展开更多
A method of coherent detection and channel estimation for punctured convolutional coded binary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals transmitted over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels used for a digita...A method of coherent detection and channel estimation for punctured convolutional coded binary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals transmitted over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels used for a digital radio broadcasting transmission is presented. Some known symbols are inserted in the encoded data stream to enhance the channel estimation process.The pilot symbols are used to replace the existing parity symbols so no bandwidth expansion is required. An iterative algorithm that uses decoding information as well as the information contained in the known symbols is used to improve the channel parameter estimate. The scheme complexity grows exponentially with the channel estimation filter length. The performance of the system is compared for a normalized fading rate with both perfect coherent detection (corresponding to a perfect knowledge of the fading process and noise variance) and differential detection of Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (DAPSK). The tradeoff between simplicity of implementation and bit-error-rate performance of different techniques is also compared.展开更多
Steganography based on bits-modification of speech frames is a kind of commonly used method, which targets at RTP payloads and offers covert communications over voice-over-IP(Vo IP). However, direct modification on fr...Steganography based on bits-modification of speech frames is a kind of commonly used method, which targets at RTP payloads and offers covert communications over voice-over-IP(Vo IP). However, direct modification on frames is often independent of the inherent speech features, which may lead to great degradation of speech quality. A novel frame-bitrate-change based steganography is proposed in this work, which discovers a novel covert channel for Vo IP and introduces less distortion. This method exploits the feature of multi-rate speech codecs that the practical bitrate of speech frame is identified only by speech decoder at receiving end. Based on this characteristic, two steganography strategies called bitrate downgrading(BD) and bitrate switching(BS)are provided. The first strategy substitutes high bit-rate speech frames with lower ones to embed secret message, which introduces very low distortion in practice, and much less than other bits-modification based methods with the same embedding capacity. The second one encodes secret message bits into different types of speech frames, which is an alternative choice for supplement. The two strategies are implemented and tested on our covert communication system Steg Vo IP. The experiment results show that our proposed method is effective and fulfills the real-time requirement of Vo IP communication.展开更多
On the basis of fractional wavelet transform, we propose a new method called cascaded fractional wavelet transform to encrypt images. It has the virtues of fractional Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Fractiona...On the basis of fractional wavelet transform, we propose a new method called cascaded fractional wavelet transform to encrypt images. It has the virtues of fractional Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Fractional orders, standard focal lengths and scaling factors are its keys. Multistage fractional Fourier transforms can add the keys easily and strengthen information se-curity. This method can also realize partial encryption just as wavelet transform and fractional wavelet transform. Optical reali-zation of encryption and decryption is proposed. Computer simulations confirmed its possibility.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61806006)Innovation Program for Graduate of Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX160-781)University Superior Discipline Construction Project of Jiangsu Province。
文摘The self-attention networks and Transformer have dominated machine translation and natural language processing fields,and shown great potential in image vision tasks such as image classification and object detection.Inspired by the great progress of Transformer,we propose a novel general and robust voxel feature encoder for 3D object detection based on the traditional Transformer.We first investigate the permutation invariance of sequence data of the self-attention and apply it to point cloud processing.Then we construct a voxel feature layer based on the self-attention to adaptively learn local and robust context of a voxel according to the spatial relationship and context information exchanging between all points within the voxel.Lastly,we construct a general voxel feature learning framework with the voxel feature layer as the core for 3D object detection.The voxel feature with Transformer(VFT)can be plugged into any other voxel-based 3D object detection framework easily,and serves as the backbone for voxel feature extractor.Experiments results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on 3D object detection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 60072013
文摘A method of coherent detection and channel estimation for punctured convolutional coded binary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals transmitted over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels used for a digital radio broadcasting transmission is presented. Some known symbols are inserted in the encoded data stream to enhance the channel estimation process.The pilot symbols are used to replace the existing parity symbols so no bandwidth expansion is required. An iterative algorithm that uses decoding information as well as the information contained in the known symbols is used to improve the channel parameter estimate. The scheme complexity grows exponentially with the channel estimation filter length. The performance of the system is compared for a normalized fading rate with both perfect coherent detection (corresponding to a perfect knowledge of the fading process and noise variance) and differential detection of Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (DAPSK). The tradeoff between simplicity of implementation and bit-error-rate performance of different techniques is also compared.
基金Project(2011CB302305)supported by National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of ChinaProjects(61232004,61302094)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(ZQN-PY115)supported by Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University,ChinaProject(JA13012)supported by Education Science Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher of Fujian Province of ChinaProject(2014J01238)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China
文摘Steganography based on bits-modification of speech frames is a kind of commonly used method, which targets at RTP payloads and offers covert communications over voice-over-IP(Vo IP). However, direct modification on frames is often independent of the inherent speech features, which may lead to great degradation of speech quality. A novel frame-bitrate-change based steganography is proposed in this work, which discovers a novel covert channel for Vo IP and introduces less distortion. This method exploits the feature of multi-rate speech codecs that the practical bitrate of speech frame is identified only by speech decoder at receiving end. Based on this characteristic, two steganography strategies called bitrate downgrading(BD) and bitrate switching(BS)are provided. The first strategy substitutes high bit-rate speech frames with lower ones to embed secret message, which introduces very low distortion in practice, and much less than other bits-modification based methods with the same embedding capacity. The second one encodes secret message bits into different types of speech frames, which is an alternative choice for supplement. The two strategies are implemented and tested on our covert communication system Steg Vo IP. The experiment results show that our proposed method is effective and fulfills the real-time requirement of Vo IP communication.
基金Project (No. 10276034) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘On the basis of fractional wavelet transform, we propose a new method called cascaded fractional wavelet transform to encrypt images. It has the virtues of fractional Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Fractional orders, standard focal lengths and scaling factors are its keys. Multistage fractional Fourier transforms can add the keys easily and strengthen information se-curity. This method can also realize partial encryption just as wavelet transform and fractional wavelet transform. Optical reali-zation of encryption and decryption is proposed. Computer simulations confirmed its possibility.
