肾功能减退时抗菌药物的应用

肾功能不全患者无论药物是否经肾脏排泄,其药代学及药效学均有改变,药物积累和毒性反应均会快速发生。因此,肾功能减退者的抗菌药物如何合理应用十分重要。

几何级数的一些实际应用

作为常数项级数的重要组成部分,几何级数在判断级数敛散性等诸多方面具有着广泛的应用。通过发掘几何级数在实际中的应用,该文可以让学生意识到几何级数除了用来判断级数敛散性之外的广泛应用。

MCT1抑制剂AZD3965增强肝癌细胞对表柔比星敏感性的作用

目的探讨单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)抑制剂AZD3965增强肝癌细胞对表柔比星敏感性的作用。方法 MTT法检测单独使用表柔比星(10,20,40μmol/L)以及20μmol/L AZD3965联合表柔比星(10,20,40μmol/L)处理Hep G2细胞24 h对细胞增殖的影响。使用4μmol/L AZD3965、0. 01μmol/L表柔比星以及4μmol/L AZD3965联合0. 01μmol/L表柔比星处理Hep G2细胞5 d,观察药物对细胞集落克隆形成的影响。用20μmol/L表柔比星处理细胞4 h或20μmol/L表柔比星预处理细胞2 h再与20μmol/L AZD3965联合处理细胞2 h,用活细胞工作站检测细胞内表柔比星的荧光强度;用流式细胞术检测细胞内表柔比星的荧光曲线。结果单独使用表柔比星(10,20,40μmol/L)处理Hep G2细胞24 h的存活率分别为(61. 93±3. 02)%,(59. 87±1. 14)%,(54. 15±6. 14)%。20μmol/L AZD3965作用于Hep G2细胞24 h的存活率为(73. 25±6. 21)%。AZD3965联合表柔比星(10,20,40μmol/L)处理Hep G2细胞24 h,细胞存活率分别为(43. 11±1. 65)%,(45. 27±1. 09)%,(42. 93±1. 86)%。与单独使用表柔比星相比,表柔比星和AZD3965合用后细胞存活率明显降低(P <0. 05)。AZD3965增强表柔比星对Hep G2细胞集落克隆形成的抑制作用。AZD3965增加表柔比星在Hep G2细胞内的分布。AZD3965增加表柔比星在Hep G2细胞内的积累。结论 AZD3965可增强肝癌Hep G2细胞对表柔比星的敏感性,其机制可能是AZD3965增加表柔比星在肝癌细胞内的分布和积累。

Obsolete Pesticides and Phytoremediation of Polluted Soil in Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, there are obsolete pesticides which should be buried in special dedicated and prepared burial sites or neutralized for minimization of dangerous genetic and ecological risks. The work in two years was identifying the obsolete pesticides in 91 the former warehouses of chemical plant protection products. In two regions （Almaty and Akmola regions） of Kazakhstan, the total amount of 388.6 tones of obsolete pesticides and unidentified stockpile material was observed, along with 513 pesticide containers. Results of the study have shown that soil around storehouses polluted by organochlorine pesticides residues in soil included metabolites of DDT （p, p＇-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane） and HCH （hexachlorocyclohexane）. The strategy was to identify pesticide-tolerant plant genotypes which can be used for phytoremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils in Almaty regions of Kazakhstan. The results have shown that selected wild species plants demonstrated ability to phytoaccumulation of organochlorine metabolites and reduce pesticide concentrations in soil （control without plant）. It was shown that accumulation of pesticides depended on the species of plants, plant biomass and pesticide concentrations in soil. The use of mineral fertilizers resulted in stimulation of growth and biomass accumulation followed by an increasing phytoextraction.

CUMULATIVE RESULTS OF CHEMOSENSITIVITY TEST USING MTT ASSAY IN DOUBLE-LAYER AGAROSE

Objective To investigate cumulative results of chemosensitivity test using 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl （MTT） assay in double-layer agarose. Methods A total of 2 491 patients with different kinds of cancers were enrolled in the study, in which 18 kinds of different anticancer drugs were used. A computer soft was used to get charts. ResultsThe total evaluability rate was 82.7% （2 060/2 491）. Among all agents, the efficiency rates of 5-Fu, MMC, DDP, BLM and CBP were higher than the efficiency rates of others. The response rate range of different cancer in vitro sensitivity by using MTT assay in double layer agarose were from 9.2% （biliary duct） to 37.5% （malignant lymphoma）. For colon and rectum cancer, 5-Fu, DDP, MMC and BLM were more sensitive than other anti-tumor agents. For breast carcinomas, ACTD and DDP were more sensitive. For gastric cancer, 5-Fu, DDP and BLM were more sensitive. For leukemia, VM-26 and HHRT were more sensitive. ACM was more sensitive to kidney and MXT and BLM were more sensitive to pancreas cancer. For Lung cancer, DDP and EPI were more sensitive. Mean true positive rate, mean true negative rate, mean sensitivity, mean specificity and mean accuracy were 44% , 92% , 72% , 77% , and 76% , respectively. Conclusion Chemosensitivity tesing using the MTT assay in a double layer agarose was a very useful reference to chem- therapy.

药物体内过 损害肝中留

46岁的男子邹某，近十年来一直遭受着皮肤瘙痒和夜间尿频的困扰，为了壮阳健体，他服用了不少强身健体的补药，就在邹某刚服用又一种新的补药后不久，他出现了恶心、尿黄、尿急等症状，不久又神志不清、全身皮肤发黄。家人急送其至医院，医生诊断为“药物积累和过敏引起的急性肝坏死”，由于用药时间过长，已出现肝衰竭症状。