湿多孔表面循环蒸发降温防热面料在工作犬中的应用实践

当今,随着科技的不断进步和发展,各类仪器设备越来越先进,警务工作中科技的比例也越来越大,但是由于工作犬自身特有的生理优势,使其具有一般仪器设备所不能代替的独特作用,为此在日常执勤、处突、搜爆、缉毒等方面仍然发挥独特的优势和巨大的作用。但是由于工作犬的自然机理属性,使其在使用过程中易发“热应激”症状(俗称中暑,一种犬类的急性疾病),继而导致工作犬出现各种不适应状态,严重的可导致工作犬死亡,为确保工作犬在高温环境中顺利、安全地展开工作,寻求一种便携式的、高效的降温方法,对于工作犬身体微环境温度的调节至关重要。

轴流式强制内循环表面更新设备在有机硅生产中的应用

介绍了新型脱低设备———轴流式强制内循环表面更新设备的结构、工作原理、生产工艺。试验表明 ,该设备可用于生产超低挥发分的高粘度硅油和硅橡胶。

茎环结构DNA循环放大技术测定水样中的痕量银离子

利用茎环结构DNA的循环杂交放大作用和碱基C与Ag^+之间的稳定结构,设计了一种高灵敏性的表面增强拉曼生物传感器用于水样中Ag^+的检测。首先制备了携带有大量拉曼信号分子的纳米金生物条码作为拉曼信号探针。然后通过酰胺键将捕获DNA固载在磁珠表面上,利用C-Ag^+-C形成的稳定结构和链式循环杂交反应放大技术,将含有大量拉曼信号DNA分子的纳米金颗粒通过生物素和链霉亲和素的特异性结合到磁珠上,最后通过SERS技术实现了溶液中Ag^+的检测。最佳实验条件下,当固定磁珠捕获DNA浓度为1.0×10^(-7)M,Tris-HCl缓冲溶液为pH7.4,37℃下杂交反应2.5 h后,Ag^+的浓度与拉曼信号强度呈良好的线性关系,测定线性范围为1.0×10^(-7)~1.0×10^(-12)M,检测限1.0×10^(-12)M(S/N=3)。该传感器用于海产品中Ag^+的测定,测定值与ICP-AES的测定值基本一致。

从表面活性剂溶液中分离有机化合物的研究进展(待续)

总结了近年来从表面活性剂溶液中分离经乳化后的有机化合物的方法,综述了表面活性剂循环利用和表面活性剂—污染物处理的研究进展。从溶液中分离有机化合物或者表面活性剂主要有3种方式,分别是有机复合相间的传质、表面活性剂胶束拆除和控制表面活性剂溶液相行为。对上述3种方式以及其进行分离应用的优点和局限性进行详细说明,并表明就目前而言,基于质量传递将有机化合物分离到二次相的方法更为实用,最后对后期研究的两个重点问题进行了展望。

缺氧对家兔脑表面微血管直径和血流速度的影响

已有实验对急性缺氧和低氧适应时全脑和局部脑血流的改变进行了较为系统的研究,表明脑血流的改变与急性高山病的发生和严重程度以及低氧适应性有密切关系,但尚未从微循环角度进一步探讨。Kontos等和Ivanov等都报道了缺氧时脑表面微血管扩张,但未进行连续观察。为从微循环角度探讨低氧适应机理和急性高山病的发生机理,我们对急性缺氧和经低氧适应后缺氧时家兔脑表面微循环进行了连续观察。

铁水罐扒渣

采用比例为1／7的模型来实际模拟炼钢工业中使用的对运输铁水进行在线的脱硫扒渣过程。分别用1－癸醇和水来代表渣和下面的熔融液体。可以观测到：由于使用了三个与容器表面紧密接触的气体喷嘴而造成的液态表面循环会将渣子带向扒渣口。水平向上倾斜50°的喷嘴雷诺数是6100。在相同的时间段里，借助喷嘴会将罐内的70％原始渣扒掉，而不用喷嘴时，只能扒掉20％，这种渣流控制法比使用浸入式气体喷嘴更加有效，而且造成的损失也较小。

GWS公司研发1MW的LETG太阳能发电装置

美国全球变暖解决方案公司（GWS）于2008年2月中旬宣布，启动研发1MW小型LETG太阳能发电装置。LETG（光电热发生器）是一种组合的太阳能和热能技术，通过加热在太阳能板表面循环的液体而产生能量，甚至在无阳光时也可产生。

Surface circulation patterns observed by drifters in the Yellow Sea in summer of 2001,2002 and 2003

In summer of 2001, 2002 and 2003, ten, six and seventeen satellite-tracked surface drifters with drogues centered at 15 and 4 m were deployed, respectively, in the southern Yellow Sea (YS). 23 drifters of them transmitted useful data of at least 30 days. The wind-driven component of the drift was removed from the original drift velocity of drifters. The wind data used are from NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction), USA.Trajectories and drift velocities of the 23 drifters depicted the upper circulation structure in the southern YS.There exists an anti-cyclonic eddy with a mean speed and radius of 0.063 m/s and 50km in the central southern YS, whose center lingered within 35.3-36.0°N / 123.5-124.0°E. Showed by 6 drifters, a basin-scale elliptic cyclonic gyre with a mean speed of 0.114 m/s, long and short radius of 250 and 200 km surrounds the anti-cyclonic eddy. In the southwestern part of the southern YS has obvious frontal eddy activities within about100 km with a mean speed about 0.076 m/s. All the drifters passing Korean coast were staggering for more than10 days west of a protruding cape of central Korea. A small-scale cyclonic eddy centered at around 120.5°E/35.1°N with a mean speed of 0.048 m/s was observed in western part of the southern YS.

Southern Meridional Atmospheric Circulation Associated with IOD

Using the monthly wind and sea surface temperature （SST） data, southern meridional atmospheric circulation cells associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode （IOD） events in the Indian Ocean are for the first time described and examineS. The divergent wind and pressure vertical velocity are employed for the identification of atmospheric circulation cells. During the four different phases of the positive IOD events, the anomalous meridional Hadley circulation over the western Indian Ocean shows that the air rises in the tropics, flows poleward in the upper troposphere, sinks in the subtropics, and returns back to the tropics in the lower troposphere. The anomalous Hadley circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean is opposite to that over the western Indian Ocean. During positive IOD events, the meridional Hadley circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean is weakened while it is strengthened over the western Indian Ocean. Correlation analysis between the IOD index and the indices of the Hadley cells also proves that, the atmospheric circulation patterns are evident in every IOD event over the period of record.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON IN SOUTHERN BOHAI SEA SURFACE SEDIMENTS

Based on the author’s previously obtained results on P and Si forms in southern Bohai Sea surface sediments,this study mainly foucusing on the controlling factors, existence forms, and biogeochemical processes of P and Si showed that the transferable forms of phosphorus in sediments were mainly controlled by the mineralization of organic matters and the reduction of high valence iron; whereas the transferable forms of silicon were possibly controlled by the dissolution and precipitation as well as biochemical processes of living organisms.

Closure behavior of rock joint under dynamic loading

The normal compression tests on intact samples and artificial joints with different saw-tooth shape under cyclic loading and half-sine waves of different frequencies were performed by using Instron1342 servo-controlled material testing machine. The specimens were made artificially with mortar. The loading frequency ranged from 0.005 Hz to 0.1 Hz. The experimental results show that joint closure curves are non-linear and concave up. The stress-deformation curves under cyclic loading exhibit hysteresis and permanent set that diminish rapidly and keep constant finally on successive cycles. Normal displacement successively decreases from the joint J1 to J2, to J3 under the same normal loads regardless of frequency. Considering the loading frequency effect, normal displacement of joint J1 decreases with increasing the loading frequency except that the loading frequency is 0.05 Hz. Normal displacement of joint J2 increases with increasing the loading frequency. Normal displacement of joint J3 increases with increasing the loading frequency when the frequency ranges from 0.005 Hz to 0.05 Hz. Its normal displacement, however, becomes least when the loading frequency is 0.1 Hz.

Heat Transfer in a Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor with Low Surface Tension Media

Heat transfer characteristics between the immersed heater and the bed content were studied in the riser of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed, whose diameter and height were 0.102 m (ID) and 2.5 m, respectively. Effects of liquid velocity, particle size, surface tension of liquid phase and solid circulation rate on the overall heat transfer coefficient were examined. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing particle size or solid circulation rate due to the higher potential of particles to contact with the heater surface and promote turbulence near the heater surface. The value of heat transfer coefficient increased gradually with increase in the surface tension of liquid phase, due to the slight increase of solid holdup. The heat transfer coefficient increased with the liquid velocity even in the higher range, due to the solid circulation prevented the decrease in solid holdup, in contrast to that in the conventional liquid-solid fluidized beds. The values of heat transfer coefficient were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups as well as operating variables.

Surface circulation derived from drifting buoys in mid- and low-latitude Pacific

A dataset of drifting buoys from the Marine Environmental Data Service of Canada was analyzed to map surface circulation of the Pacific. More information of the surface circulation than that acquired before was reported in this paper, showing clear and strong western boundary currents, equato- rial currents, and subtropical gyres in the North and South Pacific regions in velocity field, with a more systematic structure in the North Pacific.

Influence of particle size and surfactants on uniformity and quantity of silicon carbide particles in electrodeposited nickel-silicon carbide coatings

The electrodeposition of nickel-silicon carbide coatings on a copper electrode was done by mixing SiC particles in the nickel electrodeposition solution.The influence of surfactants and silicon carbide particle size on uniformity and quantity of silicon carbide particles in nickel-silicon carbide composite coatings was investigated.It was found that particle size affects the nucleation overpotential,with 40 nm silicon carbide nanoparticles more effective in promoting nickel nucleation than 500 nm particles due to an increase in active nucleation sites.In terms of surfactants,anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)produced better dispersion of 40 nm silicon carbide particles than cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB),but little difference was found between the two when 500 nm silicon carbide particles were used.Thus,although the suspension of silicon carbide particles can be improved and their co-deposition can be promoted with a cationic surfactant CTAB,it is less effective than an anionic surfactant SDS in terms of surface finish.

Experiment on Gas Hydrates Formation by Water Spraying

An experimental investigation of natural gas hydrate formation has been conducted in a high-pressure water spraying reactor,which is cooled by the circulation water through an external cooling jacket.The results show that the morphology of hydrates formed by water spraying is like ice-slurry,which depends on the initial pressure and temperature.At a certain reaction pressure,the rate of hydrate formation is increasing with lower temperature.And also,the induction time of hydrate formation can be greatly shortened by water spraying compared to a quiescent system.Solution with appropriate surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is found to improve the formation rate obviously.

Cutting Techniques for Facilities Dismantling in Decommissioning Projects

Fuel cycle related activities were accomplished in IPEN-CNEN/SP in laboratory and pilot plant scale and most facilities were built in the 70-80 years. Nevertheless, radical changes of the Brazilian nuclear policy in the beginning of 90＇s determined the interruption of several fuel cycle activities and facilities shutdown. Some laboratory and pilot plant decommissioning activities have been performed in IPEN in the last years. During the operational activities in the decommissioning of old nuclear fuel cycle facilities, the personnel involved in the task had to face several problems. In old facilities, the need of large components dismantling and material removal use to present some difficulties, such as lack of available and near electricity supply. Besides this, the spread out of the superficial contamination in the form of dust or aerosols and the exposure of workers should be as much as possible avoided. Then, the selection and availability of suitable tools for the task, mainly those employed for cutting and segmentation of different materials is of significant importance. Slight hand tools, mainly those powered by rechargeable batteries, facilitate the work, especially in areas where the access is difficult. Based on the experience in the dismantling of some old nuclear facilities of IPEN-CNEN/SP, some tools that would have facilitated the operations were identified and their availability could have improved the quality and efficiency of different individual tasks. In this paper, different cutting problems and techniques, as well as some available commercial hand tools, are presented as suggestion for future activities.

The correctness to the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific

One of the challenges faced by the climate model of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This model bias has limited the performance of the climate simulation and prediction. Based on the surface wave-circulation coupled theory, an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model was developed, which incorporates the MASNUM (key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling) wave number spectral model into CCSM3. The new coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model successfully removes the spurious semi-annual cycle simulated by the original CCSM3 and reasonably produces an SST annual cycle with warm and cold phases in April and August, respectively. The correlation between the simulated and observed SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific is improved from 0.66 to 0.93. The ocean surface layer heat budget analysis indicates that the wave-induced vertical mixing is responsible for improving the simulation of the SST seasonal cycle in the equatorial eastern Pacific.

Interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface investigated by cyclic voltammetry towards understanding the structure-tuning effect in nanomaterials synthesis

This study aims to understand the effects of functional agents such as capping agents, stabilizers, surfactants and additives in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. The well-defined Pt(100) single crystal surface was used as a model to investigate its interaction with citrate, a capping agent that is often used in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. It demonstrated that, through a systematic study of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, the presence of citrate in solution could increase the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at high potential (j p,L ), while decrease proportionally the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at low potential (j p,S ). Furthermore, the increase of citrate concentration shifted negatively the peak potentials (E p,L and E p,S ) of both j p,L and j p,S . The results indicated that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could induce increasing the (100) surface domains of two-dimensional long range order (2D-(100)), and decreasing the (100) surface domains of one-dimensional short range order (1D-(100)). It also revealed that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could stabilize the 2D-(100) structure. The findings gained in this study implied that the citrate may lead to form stable 2D-(100) domains on Pt nanoparticles upon the shape-controlled synthesis of Pt nanomaterials.

隐性乙肝病毒感染仍可致癌

最近有报告显示：甚至在没有循环表面抗原的情况下，乙肝病毒(HBV)感染仍能促进肿瘤发生。