基于试题内部结构和评分过程的口试构念效度研究——以PETS四级为例

通过分析试题内部因子结构和评分员的评分心理反应过程证据来验证PETS口试的构念效度。分析结果表明：1）PETS口试试卷内部结构主要呈现一个因子；2）PETS口试较好地体现了所要测试的构念；3）评分受到了与构念无关因素的影响，如句子结构、自我修正、故事完整性和配对；4）评分员背景对测试的构念效度有影响。本文据此提出了影响PETS口试构念效度的因素模型。

英语录音口试评分过程研究

本文采用即时回溯、受激回忆等口头报告方法追踪了24名评分员在评判英语录音口试样本时的思维过程,探讨英语录音口试评分过程的本质和评分员的作用。本文发现:(1)评分员对评分标准的阐释和应用存在一致性和差异性;评分员参照考试标准和个人评判标准不断构建和再构建评分标准;(2)在评判语音语调、语法词汇和内容三个项目时,评分员侧重点不同,但普遍采用了假设—验证/修订的循环式评分方法,整个评分过程呈现动态性和循环性。根据以上结果,本文建立了录音口试评分过程模型,对评分过程的动态性和评分员的中心主体作用进行了描述。

民族院校英语录音口试评分过程研究——以北方民族大学非英语专业研究生复试为例

英语录音口试考试在形式和评分过程方面较传统口语测试有不同特点和优势。作为主观性测试的一种,其评分过程涉及因素多且复杂。因此,探究录音口试评分的过程和模式对于提高其测试信度和进一步推广非常重要。结合院校在我国高等英语教育中的重要作用,选取了北方民族大学外国语学院非英语专业研究生英语复试这一个案,围绕评分员这一评分理论的核心,从口试评分员对评分标准的处理,以及Milanovic et al.评分模式在实践中的具体运用,探究了民族院校英语录音口试评分的过程与模式。

基于试题内部结构和评分过程的口试构念效度研究——以PETS四级为例

本文通过分析试题内部因子和评分员的口头报告，旨在以试题内部结构和评分员的评分心理反应过程为依据来验证PETS口试的构念效度。结果表明：PETS口试试卷内部结构主要呈现一个因子；PETS口试较好地体现了所要测试的构念；评分受到了与构念无关因素的影响，如句子结构、自我修正、故事完整性和配对；评分员背景对测试的构念效度有影响。本文据此提出了影响PETS口试构念效度的因素模型和提高口试构念效度的一些建议。

基于表现性证据的合作评分过程研究——以教师评价素养的测评为例

表现性评价方法在当前素养测评的研究中处在越来越重要的地位,但是在以往研究中,表现性评价的结果往往具有较低的信度和效度,而本研究旨在开发一个基于表现性证据的合作评分的方法,从而提高表现性评价的质量。本研究以评价素养的测评为例,招募两名评分者,根据已开发的指标框架和评分规则,对10名教师的评价素养表现性证据进行评分,并从量化分析与质性分析两个层面,分别分析合作评分的质量和过程。研究结果表明,合作评分较之传统的背对背评分具有相对较高的效度和信度。在此过程中,评分被认为是证据—论点—主张之间的动态关系。通过评分者与证据、证据与评价标准、证据与证据之间的互动与解释,合作评分能够有效提高表现性评价的质量。

一种可以实现C语言过程评分的方法

C语言程序设计在评分过程中,大多数的考试系统只能按照结果评分,这就导致学生考试成绩要么满分要么零分,不能够真实反映学生的学习水平,利用正则表达式对C语言的程序进行知识点的过程评分,并通过预设输入值,让学生运行自己的程序,得出结果与预设结果值进行匹配,得出结果分,最终结合是否编译,得出总分。

谈艺术专业考试中主观评分误差的控制

本文分析了艺术类专业考试中主观评分误差产生的原因 。

大规模考试英语作文自动评分研究初探——评《大规模考试英语作文自动评分系统的研制》

在解释大规模考试英语作文自动评分系统之前，必须弄清楚几个问题，即什么是自动评分，为什么要自动评分，大规模英语自动评分系统是否可靠等。第一，作文自动评分指的是一项使用计算机进行作文评分的新技术，评分过程中计算机作为评分员自主评分。

关于某县实验室及仪器设备项目采购案例分析

一、背景介绍某县2010--2011年实验室及仪器设备项目委托某招标有限公司进行招标，县采购人派监督人员1人、评委1人，参与该项目的招投标评分过程。该招标项目预算1200万元，共分6个标段，实际中标金额1102．2541万元。其中，第六标段招投标器材为小学科学实验器材42套，总预算价203．7万元，

甄别体育教学比赛中“无效评委”的统计学研究

笔者曾担任国家级、省级、地市级体育教学比赛评委,感觉几乎每次都存在着少数评委的认知判断取决于情境的作用,如刻板印象、首因效应、近因效应、相似效应、负面效应、对比效应等而产生评判的偏差,或者为保护自己的选手而出现思想上的偏差评分,再或由于对体育与健康新课程理解的缺失而出现的能力上的偏差评价。已有研究发现：评委的个人特征,包括他们的知识背景、工作经验、评分过程的思考方式、人格特征等因素都有可能导致评委偏差。无论哪一种情况,我们把评分偏差大的评委暂定为＂无效评委＂。

浅谈建设工程招标投标活动中评标办法的使用

对建设工程招标投标活动中各种评标办法及其适用范围进行了简要介绍,分别对评分方法、评标过程进行了具体阐述,并对如何确定总报价低于成本的计算方法作了说明,最后提出了确定中标人的程序,以指导招标工作科学、合理、公正。

英国全面改革考试制度 终止14岁学生的全国考试

由于今年标准成绩考试（Sats）的评分过程出现了混乱，以及一系列批评考试的报道，英国政府取消了14岁学生的Sats考试。此项改革意味着学生不必在14岁时参加这项由外界进行评分的考试。

基于手册的可靠性预计修正方法综述

为了充分地利用专家经验,以及电子产品研制和生产过程中产生的可靠性数据优化预计结果,FIDES、 SR 332和217Plus中给出了相应的失效率修正方法,包括过程评分法、试验数据修正法和现场数据修正法。分析了3类修正方法的原理和预计模型,基于优化示例对比分析了根据不同的预计手册得到的优化前的失效率、试验数据优化失效率和预计失效率、现场数据优化失效率和预计失效率。最后,指出电子产品可靠性预计需将手册预计方法与失效物理方法结合起来应用。

Integrated Assessment of Environmental and Economic Performance of Chemical Products Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

With the increasing public consciousness on environmental issues, chemical products and process designs require simultaneous satisfaction and compromise of environmental and economical requirements. To fulfill the two conflicting while complementary objectives, a systematic approach for life cycle design of a chemical product is proposed in this article. Multiattribute decision-making is adopted in a trade-off consideration of both technical economical evaluation and environmental impacts assessment using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） approach. On the basis of an evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria multicriteria decision making is performed. In this study, an AHP model is used to derive single a criteria score by analyzing the environmental impact and life cycle cost of a product, respectively. And a fluctuant weight analysis is put forth to calculate the integrated index of the product to enable products to be ranked or selected intuitionally and conveniently. The proposed AHP model has been applied to a case study, a comparative study on chamber cleaning with NF3 and C2F6. The resuits show that the protposed AHP model is Capable of providing a rational and relevant evaluation.

Analysis and evaluation on pressure fluctuations in air dense medium fluidized bed

Pressure fluctuations contribute to the instability of separation process in air dense medium fluidized bed, which provides a high motivation for further study of underlying mechanisms. Reasons for generation and propagation of pressure fluctuations in the air dense medium fluidized bed have been discussed.Drift rate and collision rate of particles were employed to deduce the correlation between voidage and pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, a dynamic pressure fluctuation measuring and analysis system was established. Based on frequency domain analysis and wavelet analysis, collected signals were disassembled and analyzed. Results show gradually intensive motion of particles increases magnitudes of signal components with lower frequencies. As a result of violent particle motion, the magnitude of real pressure signal's frequency experienced an increase as air velocity increased moderately. Wavelet analysis keeps edge features of the real signal and eliminates the noise efficaciously. The frequency of denoised signal is closed to that of pressure signal identified in frequency domain analysis.

Distillation Troubleshooting： Using a Wide Range of Engineering Skills for a Sustainable Process Improvement

A new method for the fast detection and evaluation of optimization potentials for separation processes is presented within this work. The method disclaims the application of difficult rigorous mathematical optimization techniques by a number of different smart workarounds. The basis for the optimization is the application of different heuristics, shortcut methods and simulation studies. The method was applied to a real process in which the overall yield was improved of about 58%. Due to the new configuration an alternative control scheme containing unusual control loops was implemented.

A Ship Officer Performance Evaluation Model Using Fuzzy-AHP

A ship＇s crew plays an important role in the maritime transportation sector and their performance is paramont in the shipping industry. On this account, an impartial evaluation of the crew＇s performance is an important issue. In this paper, the ship officer＇s performance evaluation problem is studied. The performance evaluation criteria that shipping companies take into account are determined and a performance evaluation process is modelled by using the FAHP （Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process） based on Chang＇s Algorithm. Linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers are used in the assessment process. The results of the proposed model demonstrate that the FAHP method is effective and helps managers make better and more reliable decisions under fuzzy circumstances.

Evaluation of Nonlinear Finite Element Module for the Simulation of Fuel Behavior

Because zirconium alloy cladding is the first containment barrier for fission products, its mechanical integrity is the most important concern. In view of the mechanical integrity, stress and strain are the main factors that affect the cladding performance during normal or off-normal operation, which induces force interaction between the pellet and cladding. In the case of a normal operation period, to estimate the cladding stress and strain, various models and codes have been developed using a simplified 1D （one-dimensional） assumption. However, in the case of a slow ramp during start-up and shut-down and a fast transient such as an AOO （anticipated operational occurrence）, it is difficult for a 1D model to simulate the cladding stress and strain accurately due to its modeling limitation. To model a large deformation along the radial and axial directions such as a ＂＇ballooning＂ phenomenon, FE （finite element） modeling, which can simulate a higher degree of freedom, is an indispensable requirement. In this work, an axisymmetric two-dimensional FE module, which will be integrated into the transient fuel performance code, has been developed. To solve the mechanical equilibrium of the pellet-cladding system, taking into account the geometrical and material non-linearities, the FE module employs an ESF （effective-stress-function） algorithm. Verifications of the FE module for the cases of thermal and elastic analyes were performed using the results of ANSYS 13.0.

Evaluation of Mixing Efficiency in Coagulation-Flocculation Process in Wastewater Treatment

Fluid flow and mixing phenomenon have a significant impact on coagulation and flocculation processes. Particles dissipating the turbulent kinetic energy increase the efficiency of collision, grow in size and incorporate phosphate from the wastewater Only certain flocks can be separated depending on their stability, size, density, etc.. According to the literature the velocity gradient of the flow （G-value） is the main design parameter of the flocculators, but there is a need to take into account at least the flocks age, too. In this paper, it presents a novel approach to determine the efficiency of flocculators using local mean age theory, residence time distribution and dimensional analysis. Calculations were performed for two constructions of cascade reactors---one with small baffles and one without these; hydraulical performance and the achievable conversion were compared. As a result, the flocculator with small baffles proved to be more efficient than the traditional construction.