本研究探讨了语境假设不匹配导致的误解现象,并借助社会–认知语用理论(SCA)分析误解的产生与消解。首先,研究背景指出,误解在言语交际中普遍存在,并总结了误解的类型和定义。接着,SCA理论强调交际中的“说者–听者”双中心和“合作–...本研究探讨了语境假设不匹配导致的误解现象,并借助社会–认知语用理论(SCA)分析误解的产生与消解。首先,研究背景指出,误解在言语交际中普遍存在,并总结了误解的类型和定义。接着,SCA理论强调交际中的“说者–听者”双中心和“合作–自我中心”的互补关系,解析了前语境与实际情景语境、核心共知与涌现共知、意向与注意力、凸显义等关键概念。研究梳理误解和SCA理论后,通过文献搜集和综述,发现国内外关于误解产生的研究多集中于社会文化、语境、话语和心理认知根源。误解的消解过程被视为修正语境假设、建立共知的互动过程。研究现状表明,现有研究多基于听者,忽视了“说话人–听话人”的完整互动交际过程,过分强调合作性,忽略自我中心性。最后,研究提出今后的误解研究可从SCA视角,结合语境、凸显、意向和注意力等核心概念,探索含意误解的产生和消解机制,建立相关理论框架,并通过语料库验证理论的适用性,以完善误解机制的研究。This study explores the phenomenon of misunderstandings arising from mismatches in contextual assumptions, utilizing the Socio-Cognitive Approach (SCA) to analyze the emergence and resolution of these misunderstandings. First, the background of the research highlights the prevalence of misunderstandings in verbal communication and summarizes the various types and definitions of misunderstandings. Next, the Socio-Cognitive Approach (SCA) theory emphasizes the dual focus of “speaker-listener” and the complementary relationship between “cooperation” and “egocentrism” in communication. It analyzes key concepts such as prior context, actual situational context, core and emergent common ground, intention, attention, and salience. The study reviews the existing literature on misunderstandings and the SCA theory, finding that research on the origins of misunderstandings, both domestically and internationally, tends to focus on social culture, context, discourse, and psychological cognitive roots. The process of resolving misunderstandings is viewed as an interactive process of correcting contextual assumptions and establishing common knowledge. The current state of research indicates a tendency to focus primarily on the listener, neglecting the complete interactive communication process between “speaker and listener”, and overly emphasizing cooperation while overlooking egocentrism. Finally, it suggests that future research should adopt the SCA perspective, integrating context, salience, intention, and attention to explore misunderstanding mechanisms. It proposes creating a theoretical framework validated through a corpus of dialogues containing misunderstandings to understand better and improve theoretical frameworks for misunderstanding generation and resolution.展开更多
为了重新厘清重大误解适用的认定标准,文章以刊登在《人民法院案例选》2020年第3辑的关于重大误解的典型案例“赵某诉芭莎珠宝(深圳)有限公司网络购物合同纠纷案”作为研究的样本。借此案例展开关于重大误解的学术研究,分别从理论与实...为了重新厘清重大误解适用的认定标准,文章以刊登在《人民法院案例选》2020年第3辑的关于重大误解的典型案例“赵某诉芭莎珠宝(深圳)有限公司网络购物合同纠纷案”作为研究的样本。借此案例展开关于重大误解的学术研究,分别从理论与实践的视角出发,继而得出了重大误解的适用必须满足以下三点:1) 符合意思表示错误的认定;2) 符合重大误解的主客观标准;3) 不应以相对人的主观善恶作为是否适用重大误解的必要条件。进而解释了关于重大误解的构成要件,进一步充实了该领域的研究成果。To clarify the criteria for applying significant misunderstanding, the article uses the case “Zhao v. Bazaar Jewelry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Online Shopping Contract Dispute”, published in the 2020 Issue 3 of “People’s Court Case Selection”, as a research sample. This case serves as the basis for an academic study on significant misunderstanding, examining both theoretical and practical perspectives. The study concludes that the application of significant misunderstanding must meet the following three criteria: 1) it conforms to the determination of an expression of intent error;2) it meets the objective and subjective standards of significant misunderstanding;3) it should not depend on the subjective good or bad faith of the counterparty. This thus explains the constitutive elements of significant misunderstanding and further enriches the research in this field.展开更多
《民法典》规定了当事人可以基于重大误解撤销合同,然而重大误解在商事领域由于价值理念与民法领域有别,更加注重交易的安全和效率,应当对重大误解在商事领域的应用进行合理的限制,可以考虑通过对商行为做必要的类型化区分,在某些特定...《民法典》规定了当事人可以基于重大误解撤销合同,然而重大误解在商事领域由于价值理念与民法领域有别,更加注重交易的安全和效率,应当对重大误解在商事领域的应用进行合理的限制,可以考虑通过对商行为做必要的类型化区分,在某些特定商行为的交易场景中需要限制重大误解的适用。以商事领域中的组织法行为为例,会涉及一系列的法律关系,更应当谨慎地适用重大误解规则的适用。The Civil Code stipulates that parties may rescind a contract based on material misunderstanding. However, due to differing value concepts between commercial law and civil law, with a greater emphasis on transactional security and efficiency in the commercial realm, the application of material misunderstanding should be reasonably restricted in this context. This could involve making necessary typological distinctions among commercial acts and limiting the applicability of material misunderstanding in specific commercial transaction scenarios. Taking organizational legal acts in the commercial sphere as an example, these involve a series of legal relationships, and the rule of material misunderstanding should be applied with caution.展开更多
文摘本研究探讨了语境假设不匹配导致的误解现象,并借助社会–认知语用理论(SCA)分析误解的产生与消解。首先,研究背景指出,误解在言语交际中普遍存在,并总结了误解的类型和定义。接着,SCA理论强调交际中的“说者–听者”双中心和“合作–自我中心”的互补关系,解析了前语境与实际情景语境、核心共知与涌现共知、意向与注意力、凸显义等关键概念。研究梳理误解和SCA理论后,通过文献搜集和综述,发现国内外关于误解产生的研究多集中于社会文化、语境、话语和心理认知根源。误解的消解过程被视为修正语境假设、建立共知的互动过程。研究现状表明,现有研究多基于听者,忽视了“说话人–听话人”的完整互动交际过程,过分强调合作性,忽略自我中心性。最后,研究提出今后的误解研究可从SCA视角,结合语境、凸显、意向和注意力等核心概念,探索含意误解的产生和消解机制,建立相关理论框架,并通过语料库验证理论的适用性,以完善误解机制的研究。This study explores the phenomenon of misunderstandings arising from mismatches in contextual assumptions, utilizing the Socio-Cognitive Approach (SCA) to analyze the emergence and resolution of these misunderstandings. First, the background of the research highlights the prevalence of misunderstandings in verbal communication and summarizes the various types and definitions of misunderstandings. Next, the Socio-Cognitive Approach (SCA) theory emphasizes the dual focus of “speaker-listener” and the complementary relationship between “cooperation” and “egocentrism” in communication. It analyzes key concepts such as prior context, actual situational context, core and emergent common ground, intention, attention, and salience. The study reviews the existing literature on misunderstandings and the SCA theory, finding that research on the origins of misunderstandings, both domestically and internationally, tends to focus on social culture, context, discourse, and psychological cognitive roots. The process of resolving misunderstandings is viewed as an interactive process of correcting contextual assumptions and establishing common knowledge. The current state of research indicates a tendency to focus primarily on the listener, neglecting the complete interactive communication process between “speaker and listener”, and overly emphasizing cooperation while overlooking egocentrism. Finally, it suggests that future research should adopt the SCA perspective, integrating context, salience, intention, and attention to explore misunderstanding mechanisms. It proposes creating a theoretical framework validated through a corpus of dialogues containing misunderstandings to understand better and improve theoretical frameworks for misunderstanding generation and resolution.
文摘为了重新厘清重大误解适用的认定标准,文章以刊登在《人民法院案例选》2020年第3辑的关于重大误解的典型案例“赵某诉芭莎珠宝(深圳)有限公司网络购物合同纠纷案”作为研究的样本。借此案例展开关于重大误解的学术研究,分别从理论与实践的视角出发,继而得出了重大误解的适用必须满足以下三点:1) 符合意思表示错误的认定;2) 符合重大误解的主客观标准;3) 不应以相对人的主观善恶作为是否适用重大误解的必要条件。进而解释了关于重大误解的构成要件,进一步充实了该领域的研究成果。To clarify the criteria for applying significant misunderstanding, the article uses the case “Zhao v. Bazaar Jewelry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Online Shopping Contract Dispute”, published in the 2020 Issue 3 of “People’s Court Case Selection”, as a research sample. This case serves as the basis for an academic study on significant misunderstanding, examining both theoretical and practical perspectives. The study concludes that the application of significant misunderstanding must meet the following three criteria: 1) it conforms to the determination of an expression of intent error;2) it meets the objective and subjective standards of significant misunderstanding;3) it should not depend on the subjective good or bad faith of the counterparty. This thus explains the constitutive elements of significant misunderstanding and further enriches the research in this field.
文摘《民法典》规定了当事人可以基于重大误解撤销合同,然而重大误解在商事领域由于价值理念与民法领域有别,更加注重交易的安全和效率,应当对重大误解在商事领域的应用进行合理的限制,可以考虑通过对商行为做必要的类型化区分,在某些特定商行为的交易场景中需要限制重大误解的适用。以商事领域中的组织法行为为例,会涉及一系列的法律关系,更应当谨慎地适用重大误解规则的适用。The Civil Code stipulates that parties may rescind a contract based on material misunderstanding. However, due to differing value concepts between commercial law and civil law, with a greater emphasis on transactional security and efficiency in the commercial realm, the application of material misunderstanding should be reasonably restricted in this context. This could involve making necessary typological distinctions among commercial acts and limiting the applicability of material misunderstanding in specific commercial transaction scenarios. Taking organizational legal acts in the commercial sphere as an example, these involve a series of legal relationships, and the rule of material misunderstanding should be applied with caution.
