牛血超氧化物歧化酶(bovine superoxide dismutase)生产工艺研究

将红细胞连续分离、热变性以及超滤技术应用在牛血 SOD生产制备中 ,使 SOD生产成本大幅降低 ,实现牛血 SOD生产工业化 .实验表明 ,冷冻血球和新鲜血球在酶的收率、纯度以及比活等方面无明显差别 ;热变性、超滤、丙酮沉淀等各工艺步骤酶的活性以及收率基本稳定 ;通过重组 SOD技术使失去铜锌离子失活的酶蛋白恢复酶的催化活性 .

Growing Development and Physiological Characteristics of Seeds Harvested Different Days after Pollination and Their 7-day Seedlings of Two Yellow-Seeded Cultivars of Brassica napus L.

This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L..Two yellow-seeded cultivars‘Hongyuan 558’and‘Qinyou 806’were selected in this study,and 50 seeds were collected 30,35,and 40 d after pollination,respectively.The seeds were weighed and placed on filter paper for hydroponic experiments.The seed germination rate was determined 3-5 d later.The physiological indicators including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured for the seeds harvested different days after pollination and the 7-day-seedlings emerged from the seeds.The results showed that the seed dry weights and germination rates of both‘Qinyou 806’and‘Hongyuan 558’increased as the days after pollination increased,especially 30-35 d after pollination.The germination rate and dry and fresh weights of the seeds showed no significant differences between the two cultivars,and almost all the seeds germinated 40 d after pollination.As the days after pollination increased,the SOD activities in the seeds of both cultivars first increased and then decreased,reaching their peaks 35 d after pollination,which may be related to encountering adverse stress.The POD activity in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’kept declining,and that of‘Hongyuan 558’first increased and then decreased,which may be related to the antioxidant mechanism and adaptive regulation.The CAT activities in the seeds of both cultivars first decreased and then increased.The MDA content in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’first decreased and then increased,while that of‘Hongyuan 558’kept reducing and was the highest in the seeds 30 d after pollination,which indicated‘Hongyuan 558’was mildly affected by the environment and had strong resistance.The activities of SOD and POD in the seedlings of two cultivars that were emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination became weakened,which may be related to their exposure to stress.The CAT activity in the seedlings of‘Hongyuan 558’was generally higher than that of‘Qinyou 806’,indicating that‘Hongyuan 558’had stronger stress resistance.The MDA content in the seedlings emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the seedlings emerged from the seeds harvested at this stage had mild cell membrane damage and enhanced stress resistance.In conclusion,‘Hongyuan 558’had strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance.

Relationship between the Hypersensitive Response of Wheat to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Hydrogen Peroxide,Three Enzyme Activities Changes

[Objective] The research aimed to study the relationship between the hypersensitive response of wheat to Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici and hydrogen peroxide,3 enzyme activities changes and lay the foundation for discussing the resistant physiological mechanism of wheat to B.graminis.[Method] Taking B.graminis Bgt 17 and Bgt 6 and wheat cultivar Yang 158 as test materials,the number of hypersensitive cells and activities of POD,PPO and SOD in wheat leaves treated by H2O2 were determined.[Result] The mastoid...

Study on the Mechanism of Innovative Montmorillonite for Diarrhea Treatment

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of innovative montmorillonite for diarrhea treatment. [Method] Thirty healthy weanling piglets （Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire） were randomly divided into five groups and fed with basal diet, basal diet ＋ 1 g/kg innovative montmorillonite, basal diet ＋ 3 g/kg innovative montmorillonite, basal diet ＋ 5 g/kg innovative montmorillonite and basal diet ＋ 3 g/kg Bacillus subtilis microecologic agent, respectively. After four weeks, blood samples were collected via precaval vein, to detect the content of TFF3, NO and SOD in serum by ELISA kits. [Result] Compared with blank control group, the content of TFF3, NO and SOD in high-dose innovative montmorillonite group was extremely significantly increased, extremely significantly reduced and significantly in- creased, respectively; the content of TFF3 and NO in middle-dose innovative mont- morillonite group was significantly increased and significantly reduced, respectively. [Conclusion] Innovative montmorillonite may exert beneficial therapeutic actions on diarrhea by increasing TFF3 and SOD levels and decreasing NO level.

The influence of cadmium on the antioxidant enzyme activities in polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube(Annelida:Polychaeta)

The infaunal polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube,distributed widely along Asian coasts and estuaries,is considered a useful animal model in ecotoxicological tests and a promising candidate in biomonitoring programs.This paper deals with the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidases(GSH-Px) in infaunal polychaete P.aibuhitensis exposed to a series of sublethal water-bound cadmium(Cd) concentrations(0,0.34,1.72,3.44,6.89,and 17.22 mg L-1) under a short-term exposure(1-8 d).The results indicate that the SOD and GSH-Px activities in P.aibuhitensis are stimulated first and then renewed to the original level.The CAT activity of worms decreases at an earlier exposure time but increases to the control values at a later exposure time.Our study suggests that Cd can interfere with the antioxidant defense system of P.aibuhitensis.However,the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities for this species do not show the best promise as biomarkers in Cd biomonitoring of estuarine and coastal zones because weak or non-dose-effect relationships between the antioxidant enzymes activities and Cd levels are found.

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion(LIR) injury. METHODS:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups(36 rats each) :the sham-operation group(group S) ,lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group(group LIR) ,and penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning group(group PHC) .Each group was divided into subgroups(n=6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time,i.e.immediately 0 h(T1) ,1 h(T2) ,3 h(T3) ,6 h(T4) ,12 h(T5) ,and 24 h(T6) .Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h.In group PHC,0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia.The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion;diamine oxidase(DAO) ,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,myeloperoxidase(MPO) of small intestinal tissue,plasma endotoxin,DAO,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) ,and interleukin(IL) -10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS:The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope.The levels of MPO,endotoxin,serum DAO,and IL-10 at T1-T6,and TNF-αlevel at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC(P<0.05) compared with those in group S,but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased(P<0.05) .In group PHC,the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6,and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR(P<0.05) ;however,the levels of MPO,endotoxin,and DAO in the blood at T2-T6,and TNF-αat T2 and T4 decreased(P<0.05) . CONCLUSION:Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR.Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marine Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species（ROS）leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA）in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000＋CP and κ-ca3000＋CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.

Proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease

Oxidative stress, generated by chronic ethanol consumption, is a major cause of hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals due to ethanol metabolism by CYP2E1 is principally located in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria, which does not only injure liver cells, but also other vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Therefore, there is a need for better treatment to enhance the antioxidant response elements. To date, there is no established treatment to attenuate high levels of oxidative stress in the liver of alcoholic patients. To block this oxidative stress, proteasome inhibitor treatment has been found to significantly enhance the antioxidant response elements of hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. Recent studies have shown in an experimental model of alcoholic liver disease that proteasome inhibitor treatment at low dose has cytoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver steatosis. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment against oxidative stress occurred because antioxidant response elements （glutathione peroxidase 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione synthetase, glutathione reductase, and GCLC） were upregulated when rats fed alcohol were treated with a low dose of PS-34Z （Bortezomib, Velcade）. This is an important finding because proteasome inhibitor treatment up-regulated reactive oxygen species removal and glutathione recycling enzymes, while ethanol feeding alone down-regulated these antioxidant elements. For the first time, it was shown that proteasome inhibition by a highly specific and reversible inhibitor is different from the chronic ethanol feeding-induced proteasome inhibition. As previously shown by our group, chronic ethanol feeding causes a complex dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which affects the proteasome system, as well as the ubiquitination system. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease are related to proteasome inhibitor reversibility and the rebound of proteasome activity 72 h post PS-341 administration.

Oxidative stress and hypoxia-induced factor 1α expression in gastric ischemia

AIM:To investigate the relation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) in gastric ischemia. METHODS:The animal model of gastric ischemia reperfusion was established by placing an elastic rubber band on the proximal part of the bilateral lower limb for ligature for 3 h and reperfusion for 0,1,3,6,12 or 24 h. Ischemic post-conditioning,three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were conducted before reperfusion. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the gastric oxidative damage and the expression of HIF1-α in gastric ischemia. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD),xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by colorimetric assays. RESULTS:Ischemic post-conditioning can reduce post-ischemic oxidative stress and the expression of HIF-1α of gastric tissue resulting from limb ischemia reperfusion injury. MDA,SOD,XOD and MPO were regarded as indexes for mucosal injuries from ROS,and ROS was found to affect the expression of HIF-1α under gastric ischemic conditions. CONCLUSION:ROS affects HIF-1α expression under gastric ischemic conditions induced by limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore,ROS can regulate HIF-1α expression in gastric ischemia.

Antioxidant activity of chito-oligosaccharides on pancreatic islet cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

AIM:To investigate the antioxidant activity of chitooligosaccharides(COSs)on pancreatic islet cells in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. METHODS:The antioxidant effect of COSs on pancreatic islet cells was detected under optical microscopy and with colorimetric assay and gel electrophoresis.The activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,total antioxidant capacity,and content of malondialdehyde in serum and tissue slices of pancreas were examined after 60 d to determine the effect of COSs in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. RESULTS:COSs can prohibit the apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells.All concentrations of COSs can improve the capability of total antioxidant capacity and activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease the content of malondialdehyde drastically.Morphological investigation in the pancreas showed that COSs have resulted in the reduction of islets,loss of pancreatic cells,and nuclear pyknosis of pancreatic cells. CONCLUSION:COSs possess various biological activities and can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on the antioxidant enzyme activity of scallop Chlamys farreri

Scallop Chlamys farreri was exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (0.5 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 10.0 μg/L and 50.0 μg/L) for 30 days in seawater. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly induced, and increased with the increasing BaP concentration. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased in short time at low concentration of BaP, and was significantly depressed at high concentrations. Scallop gill was more sensitive to BaP than the digestive gland, and the digestive gland was the main tissue to deal with oxyradicals. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with the exposure time and there was a positive correlation (concentration-effect) between the MDA content and the concentration of BaP. The biomarkers determined in this experiment had important roles in detoxification, and showed great potential as biomarkers for oxidative stress. Controlled laboratory experiments designed to simulate field exposure scenarios are particularly useful in ascertaining biomarkers suitable for use with complex contaminant mixtures in the marine environment.

Effects of dietary menadione on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate groups of juvenile abalone (initial weight: 1.19 ± 0.01 g; shell length: 19.23 ± 0.01 mm) were fed to satiation with 3 semi-purified diets containing 0, 10, and 1 000 mg menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)/kg, respectively. Results show that there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain or in the daily increment in shell length of abalone among different treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in viscera were significantly decreased with dietary menadione. However, activities of these enzymes except for GPX in muscle were increased. Therefore, antioxidant responses of abalone were increased in muscle and decreased in viscera by dietary menadione.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Ca Complex Accelerates the Depuration of Cadmium from Chlamys ferrari

This study investigated the effect of a chitosan oligosaccharide-Ca complex (COS-Ca) on the depuration of cadmium (Cd) from Chlamys ferrari. After exposure to 0.5 mg L-1 CdCl2 for 3 or 7 d, the scallops were treated by COS-Ca prior to determina-tion of Cd, calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) contents, Cd distribution in organs, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant variables. Results showed that COS-Ca reduced Cd content in the viscera of the scallops, with highest Cd depuration rate (47%) observed on day 3. The COS-Ca concentration substantially affected Cd depuration, and the exposure to 8.75 mg L-1 COS-Ca led to significantly higher Cd depuration rate compared with those of lower COS-Ca concentrations (1.75, 3.5, 5.25, and 7.00 mg L-1). Distribution analysis of Cd in scallop organs indicated that COS-Ca significantly reduced Cd content in the kidney throughout the 5-d experiment, as well as in the gill during the early stage of Cd depuration. In addition, COS-Ca treatment decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and MDA content while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities on different days. Our work suggested COS-Ca complex treatment as an effective method for acceleration of Cd depuration from Cd-contaminated bivalves.

Growth and antioxidant status of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense fed with diets containing vitamin E

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the dietary vitamin E requirement of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense(weight of 0.3–0.4 g) and its effect role on antioxidant activity.Prawns were fed with seven levels of vitamin E(0,25,50,75,100,200,and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days.The results show that dietary vitamin E supplementation could significantly increased the prawn weight( P <0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher in prawns fed with diets supplemented with ≤75 mg/kg vitamin E than in those fed with diets supplemented with 100–400 mg/kg vitamin E( P <0.05).The activity of catalase(CAT) in the hepatopancreas decreased significantly as dietary vitamin E supplementation increased( P <0.05),and no significant difference was detected in glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity between different dietary groups( P >0.05).The contents of vitamin E in the hepatopancreas and in the muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E.There was a linear correlation between the vitamin E level in diet and that in muscle,and between the vitamin E level in diet and that in the hepatopancreas.All the above results indicated that dietary vitamin E can be stored in the hepatopancreas and muscle and lower both the activities of SOD and CAT in the hepatopancreas,suggesting that it is a potential antioxidant in M.nipponense.Broken line analysis conducted on the weight gains of prawns in each diet group showed that the dietary vitamin E requirement for maximum growth is 94.10 mg/kg.

Mercury (Hg^(2+)) effect on enzyme activities and hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

We studied the effects of mercury (Hg2+) on antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities in terms of LC50 value and on hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis in 40-day exposure to various concentrations of Hg2+ (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/L). The results show that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased in the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, while that of enzyme decreased in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/L treatments. Meanwhile, Hg2+ disrupted the histostructures of the hepatopancreas, causing decreases in activities of pepsin, tryptase, amylase, and cellulose, which are synthesized in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, as the Hg2+ concentration increased, the survival rate of the crabs decreased, worst at 56.57% in 0.30 mg/L. Therefore, although crabs are able to tolerate low levels of mercury pollution, high levels lead to cellular injury and tissue damage in hepatopancreas, which then loses some of its vital physiological functions such as absorption, storage, and secretion.

Role of PGC-1αin muscle function and aging

This article focuses on the current underlying of molecular mechanisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） mediated pathway and discuss possible therapeutic benefits of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in compensating for mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorating aging and aging-related diseases. PGC-1α is the master transcription regulator that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, by upregulating nuclear respiratory factors and mitochondrial transcription factor A, leading to increased mitochondrial DNA replication and gene transcription. PGC-1α also regulates cellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis by stimulating the gene expression of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and uncoupling protein. Recent reports from muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression underline the benefit of PGC-1α in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia, during which PGC-1α enhanced mitochondrial biogenic pathway and reduced oxidative damage. Thus, PGC-1α seems to have a protective role against aging associated skeletal muscle deterioration.

Studies on the Effects on Growth and Antioxidant Responses of Two Marine Microalgal Species to Uniconazole

Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P < 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P < 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.

Obesity promotes oxidative stress and exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption after high-intensity exercise

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption.

Aminoguanidine impedes human pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis development in nude mice

AIM:To study the action of aminoguanidine on pancreatic cancer xenografts in relation to cell proliferation,apoptosis,redox status and vascularization.METHODS:Xenografts of PANC-1 cells were developed in nude mice. The animals were separated into two groups:control and aminoguanidine treated. Tumor growth,survival and appearance of metastases were determined in vivo in both groups. Tumors were excised and ex vivo histochemical studies were performed. Cell growth was assessed by Ki-67 expression. Apoptosis was studied by intratumoral expression of B cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) family proteins and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP Nick End Labeling (Tunel). Redox status was evaluated by the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),catalase,copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD),manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Finally,vascularization was determined by Massons trichromic staining,and by VEGF and CD34 expression.RESULTS:Tumor volumes after 32 d of treatment by aminoguanidine (AG) were significantly lower than in control mice (P < 0.01). Median survival of AG mice was significantly greater than control animals (P < 0.01). The appearance of both homolateral and contralateral palpable metastases was significantly delayed in AG group. Apoptotic cells,intratumoral vascularization (trichromic stain) and the expression of Ki-67,Bax,eNOS,CD34,VEGF,catalase,CuZnSOD and MnSOD were diminished in AG treated mice (P < 0.01),while the expression of Bcl-2 and GPx did not change.CONCLUSION:The antitumoral action of aminoguanidine is associated with decreased cell proliferation,reduced angiogenesis,and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.

Enhanced resistance of Portunus trituberculatus to Vibrio alginolyticus by selective breeding

We established a line (screened) of Portunus trituberculatus by selectively breeding individuals that survived from challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus, and compared the response of screened and unscreened (control) P. trituberculatus challenged with V. alginolyticus. We measured superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and peroxidase activity and the content of hemocyanin in the plasma and phenoloxidase activity in serum. The cumulative survival rate after 24-h challenge with V. alginolyticus was significantly higher in the screened crabs than in the unscreened crabs (P<0.05). T-SOD and PO activity were significantly lower in the screened stock than in the unscreened stock (P<0.05). POD, CAT, and ACP activity and hemocyanin content were significantly higher in the screened stock than in the unscreened stock. Our results suggest that the screened stock was more resistant to infection. Furthermore, the indices we measured may be used to evaluate the health state of P. trituberculatus.