水基半透膜钻井液技术的研究与应用

介绍了一种新型的有机硅酸盐半透膜剂BTM-2。通过钻屑回收率、泥球浸泡、抑制膨润土造浆、抗污染、抗温等试验及半透膜效率测定,评价了半透膜剂及半透膜钻井液的性能,有机硅酸盐半透膜钻井液具有高半透膜性能、强的抑制泥页岩水化膨胀、分散的能力、良好的抗钻屑污染能力和高温流变性。现场应用表明,该钻井液体系抑制能力强,防塌效果好,井径扩大率小,井径规则。

舒胸舌下片制备与促透剂的配方

目的优选舒胸舌下片辅料配方和舌下黏膜促透剂配方。方法按正交实验设计,优选乳糖、甘露醇、微晶纤维素最佳比例;采用Frank扩散池进行体外扩散实验,HPLC测定人参皂苷Rg1的累积透膜量,按星点设计-效应面法设计实验,优选氮酮、油酸和薄荷醇的最佳比例。结果舌下片最佳制备工艺为药材提取物-〔乳糖-甘露醇(1∶9)〕-微晶纤维素为6∶8∶0.5加2%的氮酮、2%的油酸、5%薄荷醇复合促透剂制片。结论舒胸舌下片辅料配方能保证片剂的性状参数,复合黏膜促透作用稳定。

半透膜钻井液技术

半透膜钻井液能够在井壁上形成一层具有一定强度的,具有半透膜性能的硬壳"封固壳"。半透膜的孔径在纳米级,在井壁外围形成保护层,阻止水及钻井液进入地层,有效的防止地层水化膨胀、封堵地层层理裂缝、防止地层内粘土颗粒的运移、防止并壁坍塌及保护油气层,是一种允许溶剂通过而选择性允许溶质通过的连续性物质,其选择性机理在于尺寸阻挡和电阻挡作用。半透膜剂加入水基钻井液中,从而使水基钻井液在一定条件下可达到近油基钻井液体系的性能。通过新型的有机硅酸盐半透膜剂在青海油田的应用表明,半透膜钻井液具有高半透膜性能、强的抑制性、良好的抗钻屑污染能力,防塌效果好,井径扩大率小,井径规则等优点。

胰岛素鼻、口腔制剂的研究

本文综述了近年来国内外关于胰岛素鼻和口腔制剂的研究状况。指出月桂醇类,胆酸盐类和牛磺酸盐类表面活性剂作为胰岛素的透膜促吸剂已取得较大进展。胰岛素的粘膜吸收达肌肉注射的1/3。随着新的作用力更强的透膜促吸剂的不断发现,胰岛素的粘膜吸收将在临床上进一步推广应用。

Effects of solubility parameter differences among PEG,PVP and CA on the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes:Impacts of solvents and additives on morphology,permeability and fouling performances

The effects of two different hydrophilic additives and two solvents on the membrane morphological structure,permeability property and anti-fouling performances of cellulose acetate(CA) ultrafiltration membranes were investigated. During the phase-inversion process, cellulose acetate was selected as a membrane forming polymer; polyethylene glycol(PEG) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) were used as additives; acetone(Ac): N,N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAc) and N, N-Dimethylformamide(DMF) were used as solvents; and deionized(DI)water was used in the coagulation bath. All the prepared membranes were characterized in terms of hydraulic permeability(Pm), membrane resistance, average pore radius, and hydrophilicity. The top surface and crosssectional view of the prepared membranes were also observed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Membrane fouling and rejection experimentations were done using a stirred batch-cell filtration set-up.The experimental studies of fouling/rinsing cycles, rejection, and permeate fluxes were used to investigate the effect of PEG and PVP additives and effect of the two solvents on the fabricated membranes using bovine serum albumin(BSA) as a model protein.

“观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布”实验的改进

"观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布"在实际教学中实验效果不理想。通过探究实验发现Triton X-100可以作为代替盐酸解离作用的透膜剂,避免盐酸解离过度影响甲基绿对DNA的染色,取得了非常好的实验结果。Triton X-100在本实验中最适使用浓度为0.1%～1%,最适透膜时间为5 min。系统地总结了前人对"观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布"实验的改进,提出一套稳定且行之有效的实验操作方案。