利用健之素喷雾法对壁式氧气管道装置不可拆卸部分的消毒研究

目的通过实验研究健之素喷雾法对壁式氧气管道装置不可拆卸部分的消毒效果,减少院内感染的机率。方法通过细菌学的实验检测,在了解其污染状况的基础上,针对壁式氧气管道装置的结构特点,采用500mg/L的健之素进行喷雾消毒,将消毒前、后分别采样,进行细菌培养。结果消毒后3类普通病房物体表面细菌菌落总数达《医院卫生消毒标准》的占100%,(即≤10cfu/cm2),与消毒前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);氧气管壁出口,流量表入口、出口,湿化瓶盖,通气管内壁等灭菌率达95%的占86.7%。结论壁式氧气管道装置不可拆卸部分的污染率很高,必须高度重视,采用健之素喷雾法对其进行消毒,是一种既快又经济,又方便临床推广的消毒方法。

甲烷和空气部分氧化制合成气

使用空气做氧化剂 ,可减轻甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中催化剂床层的“热点”问题 ,而且可大大降低加压反应条件下反应爆炸的危险性 ,因此易于工业化。对国内外在这一领域的的研究总结表明 ,以空气与甲烷部分氧化制合成气在理论和反应条件上都是可行的。但专用于空气来转化 CH4 的抗高温烧结和抗结炭性能好的催化剂有待进一步研究和开发。参考文献 1 0篇。

保护心脏的食物

心脏是人体器官中最重要的器官之一。它每天要跳动10万次以上,泵出的血液约有700万毫升。这样,一个寿命为70岁的人,一生心脏的跳动次数就达22亿次以上,泵出的血液近7亿升。从而,保证了人的一生日日夜夜肌体各部分氧气和营养的供给,使其能正常地工作和生活。

壁式输氧管道的消毒效果分析

目的 探讨“安多福”PVP—I碘伏消毒剂气溶胶喷雾法对壁式氧气管道不可拆卸部分的消毒效果，减少医院内部感染。方法 将0．5％“安多福”PVP-I气溶胶直接喷雾于壁式氧气管道不可拆卸部分进行消毒，对消毒前、后均进行采样，细菌培养。结果消毒效果显著，消毒后壁式氧气管道不可拆卸部分的含菌落数均达到《医院卫生消毒标准》三类普通病房标准（≤10cfu／cm^2），消毒达标率为100％。结论 0．5％“安多福”PVP—I气溶胶喷雾法消毒壁式氧气管道不可拆卸部分消毒效果好、毒性低、省时、省药、方便、易行。

Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane with Air to Syngas in a Pilot-Plant-Scale Spouted Bed Reactor

On the basis of hydrodynamic and scaling-up studies, a pilot-plant-scale thermal spouted bed reactor (50 mm in ID and 1500 mm in height) was designed and fabricated by scaling-down cold simulators. It was tested for making syngas via catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane by air. The effects of various operating conditions such as operating pressure and temperature, feed composition, and gas flowrate etc. on the CPO process were investigated. CH4 conversion of 92.2% and selectivity of 92.3% and 83.3% to CO and H2, respectively, were achieved at the pressure of 2.1 MPa. It was found that when the spouted bed reactor was operated within the stable spouting flow regime, the temperature profiles along the bed axis were much more uniform than those operated within the fixed-bed regime. The CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity were found to be close to thermodynamic equilibrium limits. The results of the present investigation showed that spouted bed could be considered as a potential type of chemical reactor for the CPO process of methane.

Thermodynamic Study on the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas (CO + H_2)has been simulated thermodynamically with the advanced processsimulator PRO/II. The influences of temperature, pressure, CH_4/O_2ratio and steam addition in feed gas on the conversion of CH_4selectively to syngas and eat duty required were investigated, andtheir effects on carbon formation were also discussed. The simulationresults were in good agreement with the literature data taken from aspouted bed reactor.

Energetic analysis of gasification of biomass by partial oxidation in supercritical water

Partial oxidation gasification in supercritical water could produce fuel gases(such as H2, CO and CH4) and significantly reduce the energy consumption. In this work, an energetic model was developed to analyze the partial oxidative gasification of biomass(glucose and lignin) in supercritical water and the related key factors on which gasification under autothermal condition depended upon. The results indicated that the oxidant equivalent ratio(ER) should be over 0.3 as the concern about energy balance but less than 0.6 as the concern about fuel gas production. Feedstocks such as glucose and lignin also had different energy recovery efficiency. For materials which can be efficiently gasified, the partial oxidation might be a way for energy based on the combustion of fuel gases. Aromatic materials such as lignin and coal are more potential since partial oxidation could produce similar amount of fuel gases as direct gasification and offer additional energy. Energy recovered pays a key role to achieve an autothermal process. Keeping heat exchanger efficiency above 80% and heat transfer coefficient below15 k J·s-1is necessary to maintain the autothermal status. The results also indicated that the biomass loading should be above 15% but under 20% for an autothermal gasification, since the increase of biomass loading could improve the energy supplied but decrease the efficiency of gasification and gaseous yields. In general,some specific conditions exist among different materials.

Cooling of a Diesel Reformate Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Internal Reforming of Methane： A Modelling Study

In this paper a system combining a diesel reformer using catalytic partial oxidation （CPOX） with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell （SOFC） for Auxiliary Power Unit （APU） applications is modeled with respect to the cooling effect provided by internal reforming of methane in anode gas channel. A model mixture consisting of 80% n-hexadecane and 20%..!-methylnaphthalin is used to simulate the commercial diesel. The modelling consists of several steps. First, equilibrium gas composition at the exit of CPOX reformer is modelled in terms oxygen to car- bon （O/C） ratio, fuel utilization ratio and anode gas recirculation. Second, product composition, especially methane content, is determined for the me.th.an, ation process at the operating temperatures ra：ng!ng from 500 ℃to 520 ℃.Finally, the cooling power provided by internal reforming of methane in SOFC fuel channel is calculated for two concepts to increase the methane content of the diesel reformate. The results show that the first concept, operating the diesel reformer at low O/C ratio and/or, recirculation rat!o, is not realizable due to high probability of coke formation, whereas the second concept, combining a methanation process with CPOX, can provide a significant cool- ing effect in addition to the conventional c？oling concept which needs higher levels of excess air.

Hyperbaric oxygenation promotes regeneration of biliary cells and improves cholestasis in rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation(HBO) on regeneration of the biliary ductal system and postoperative cholestasis in hepatectomized rats.METHODS:HBO was performed in Wistar rats daily starting 12 h after a 70% partial hepatectomy.Regenerated liver weight,serum parameters and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index of hepatocytes and biliary ductal cells were measured.Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),c-Met and transforming growth factor(TGF) β-1 mRNA expression levels were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:HBO improved the postoperative serum levels of total bile acid but not transaminase levels.HBO promoted hepatocyte and biliary ductal cell proliferation.The hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens revealed fewer ballooned hepatocytes and higher cell densities in the HBO group compared to the control group.HBO suppressed c-Met mRNA levels at 15 h but did not modulate HGF or TGF β-1 mRNA expression levels.

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and intake pre-heating on performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engines at part loads

Achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx,CO and unburned hydrocarbon(UHC) emissions without compromising engine performance at part loads is the current focus of dual fuel engine research.The present work focuses on an experimental investigation conducted on a dual fuel(diesel-natural gas) engine to examine the simultaneous effect of inlet air pre-heating and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) ratio on performance and emission characteristics at part loads.The use of EGR at high levels seems to be unable to improve the engine performance at part loads.However,it is shown that EGR combined with pre-heating of inlet air can slightly increase thermal efficiency,resulting in reduced levels of both unburned hydrocarbon and NOx emissions.CO and UHC emissions are reduced by 24% and 31%,respectively,The NOx emissions decrease by 21% because of the lower combustion temperature due to the much inert gas brought by EGR and decreased oxygen concentration in the cylinder.

Effect of promoter MgO on CeO2/Al2O3 oxygen carrier used in partial oxidation of methane to syngas

Promoter MgO on 10% CeO2/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was investigated for direct partial oxidation of methane to syngas in molten salt. The MgO content of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% on the 10%CeO2/Al2O3 oxygen carriers in experiments were prepared at the temperature of 750℃, respectively. The methane conversion, H2 and CO selectivity was measured on these prepared oxygen carriers at different reaction temperature. The results showed that the 3% MgO on 10%CeO2/Al2O3 had the best activity, and the CH4 conversion and CO selectivity reached 92.58% and 87.64% at 875℃, respectively. The effect of different calcination temperature on 3% MgO as promoter on 10% CeO2/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was investigated. The results of BET indicated that oxygen carrier had the largest surface area at 750℃. When the calcined temperature was too high there would be a negative effect on oxygen carrier activity.

应用气态方程也要正确选择研究对象

在牛顿运动定律和动量守恒定律等力学规律的应用中,研究对象的选择,教师和学生都充分注意到了。但在气态方程的应用中,有些同学对研究对象的选择没有引起足够的重视,又由于现行教材中删去克拉珀龙方程,而在出现气体质量变化和气体发生迁移的问题时,往往感到“束手无策”。究其原因。

月亮杀死了乔伊纳

对世界前短跑明星格里菲斯·乔伊娜的猝死,美国医学界有各种分析,但笔者认为他们遗漏了月日引力的激发作用。月日引力对人体的影响有以下四方面。 一、天文低压和气象低压使少量血液和体液气化。月日强引力的出现在地球上形成强引力场,使人体环境出现天文低压,降低环境对人体的压力。天文低压有时和气象低压融会,共同影响人体。一方面,溶解于人体的一小部分氧气从血液中离析,形成气泡;另一方面,人体中的少量水分气化,也产生部分气泡。