A new MeTAMP （thiazolylazo dye ligand 2-[2-（5-methyl thiazolyl）azo]-4-methoxy phenol） was prepared by coupling reaction between 5-methyl thiazolylazonium chloride with 4-methoxy phenol in alkaline alcoholic soluti...A new MeTAMP （thiazolylazo dye ligand 2-[2-（5-methyl thiazolyl）azo]-4-methoxy phenol） was prepared by coupling reaction between 5-methyl thiazolylazonium chloride with 4-methoxy phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution. The structure of azo dye ligand has been characterized by available technique such as 1H-NMR, mass spectrum, FT-IR, UV-vis and elemental analysis. Eight new chelate complexes of Cr（III）, Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Fe（III）, Co（III）, Ni（II）, Cu（II） and Zn（II） ions were prepared and identified by elemental analysis, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance measurements, FT-IR and electronic spectra. The spectral and analytical data show that the ligand a tridentate and coordinating with metal ions through the phenolate O, azo N atom which is the farthest of thiazole molecule and with thiazole N atom. The molar ratio （M：L） was also studied which was found 1：1 for Zn（II） and 1：2 for the rest metal ions. Conductivity measurements for prepared complexes showed 1：1 electrolyte for Cr（III）, Fe（IlI）, and Co（llI） complexes and non-electrolyte for rest complexes. Stability constants of complexes were calculated by spectrophotometry. Octahedral configuration suggested for Cr（III）, Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Fe（III）, Co（III）, Ni（II） and Cu（II） but tetrahedral for Zn（IlI） complex. The solid complexes are found to have the general formula IML2]Cl H2O where M = Cr（III）, Fe（III） and Co（IIl） and [ML2] H2O where M = Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Ni（II） and Cu（II） while [MLCI].H20 for Zn（II）-complex. The biological activity of ligand and its complexes against five types of bacteria, Strepto coccus and Staphylococcus aureus as example of gram positive, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Esherichia coli as example of gram negative bacteria by agar plate different technique was studied. The activity was also assayed on molecular level by using PCR in an attempt to monitor DNA banding pattern.展开更多
Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms a...Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.展开更多
文摘A new MeTAMP （thiazolylazo dye ligand 2-[2-（5-methyl thiazolyl）azo]-4-methoxy phenol） was prepared by coupling reaction between 5-methyl thiazolylazonium chloride with 4-methoxy phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution. The structure of azo dye ligand has been characterized by available technique such as 1H-NMR, mass spectrum, FT-IR, UV-vis and elemental analysis. Eight new chelate complexes of Cr（III）, Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Fe（III）, Co（III）, Ni（II）, Cu（II） and Zn（II） ions were prepared and identified by elemental analysis, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance measurements, FT-IR and electronic spectra. The spectral and analytical data show that the ligand a tridentate and coordinating with metal ions through the phenolate O, azo N atom which is the farthest of thiazole molecule and with thiazole N atom. The molar ratio （M：L） was also studied which was found 1：1 for Zn（II） and 1：2 for the rest metal ions. Conductivity measurements for prepared complexes showed 1：1 electrolyte for Cr（III）, Fe（IlI）, and Co（llI） complexes and non-electrolyte for rest complexes. Stability constants of complexes were calculated by spectrophotometry. Octahedral configuration suggested for Cr（III）, Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Fe（III）, Co（III）, Ni（II） and Cu（II） but tetrahedral for Zn（IlI） complex. The solid complexes are found to have the general formula IML2]Cl H2O where M = Cr（III）, Fe（III） and Co（IIl） and [ML2] H2O where M = Mn（II）, Fe（II）, Ni（II） and Cu（II） while [MLCI].H20 for Zn（II）-complex. The biological activity of ligand and its complexes against five types of bacteria, Strepto coccus and Staphylococcus aureus as example of gram positive, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Esherichia coli as example of gram negative bacteria by agar plate different technique was studied. The activity was also assayed on molecular level by using PCR in an attempt to monitor DNA banding pattern.
基金This work was supported by an National Science Foundation Animal Behavior grant to J.N.P.（IOS 1352705 and 1455895）, as well as G. Murray McKinley Research Fund and the Arthur and Barbara Pape Endowment Award research grants provided through the University of Pittsburgh＇s Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology.
文摘Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.
