目的对我国防御性医疗研究现状进行梳理,为后续相关研究提供借鉴。方法检索时限为数据库建库至2024年3月,检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、Pubmed数据库,根据纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,按研究的基本特征、测量工具、影响因素等...目的对我国防御性医疗研究现状进行梳理,为后续相关研究提供借鉴。方法检索时限为数据库建库至2024年3月,检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、Pubmed数据库,根据纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,按研究的基本特征、测量工具、影响因素等要素对我国防御性医疗研究现状进行归纳整理。结果共纳入24篇中文文献、4篇英文文献。结果显示:我国医务人员中的防御性医疗发生率较高;在不同研究中,防御性医疗的测量工具存有差异;主要影响因素包括性别、年龄、职称等医生个人特征,法律、医疗保险等制度因素,医患关系、负面舆论等社会文化因素。结论我国防御性医疗行为较为普遍,且受多重因素影响,需多维解构防御性医疗现状的形成机制,为消极防御性医疗治理提供依据。展开更多
对于家庭暴力案件中受虐妇女杀夫行为导致施暴者重伤或者死亡的情况,司法实践中的处理方式通常是定罪轻罚,仅从量刑角度找到从宽处罚的理由,忽略了从定罪角度给予其妥当化的定性评价从而出罪的可能性。通过正当防卫扩张论以及期待可能...对于家庭暴力案件中受虐妇女杀夫行为导致施暴者重伤或者死亡的情况,司法实践中的处理方式通常是定罪轻罚,仅从量刑角度找到从宽处罚的理由,忽略了从定罪角度给予其妥当化的定性评价从而出罪的可能性。通过正当防卫扩张论以及期待可能性理论来评价受虐妇女杀夫行为从而出罪的路径都存在问题。防御性紧急避险为受虐妇女杀夫的行为提供了一条更合适的出罪路径,满足时间条件、不得已条件以及限度条件的,就能够评价为防御性紧急避险而阻却违法。首先,家庭暴力是一种临近的不法攻击或持续性危险。其次,杀夫行为是受虐妇女迫不得已的选择。最后,对杀人行为进行利益衡量。因此,家庭暴力的受暴妇女身处遭受家庭暴力甚至被施暴致死的危险当中,为保护自身以及其他亲人的生命法益,走投无路,趁施暴者不备将其杀死的行为,符合防御性紧急避险的构成要件,可以此作为其出罪事由。为家庭暴力中受虐妇女杀夫行为的定性问题找到一种解决思路,更好地实现公平正义。In the case of domestic violence, the battered woman’s act of killing her husband leads to serious injury or death of the abuser, the way of judicial practice is usually conviction and light punishment, and the reason for lenient punishment is found only from the perspective of sentencing, ignoring the possibility of giving proper qualitative evaluation from the perspective of conviction to convict. There are some problems in evaluating the ways of battered women killing their husbands through the theory of justifiable defense expansion and the theory of expectant possibility. Defensive emergency hedging provides a more appropriate way for battered women to kill their husbands. If it meets the conditions of time, necessity and limitation, it can be evaluated that defensive emergency hedging is illegal. First, domestic violence is an imminent unlawful assault or ongoing danger. Secondly, the act of husband killing is a forced choice for battered women. Finally, the benefit of killing behavior is measured. Therefore, women who are victims of domestic violence are in danger of being subjected to domestic violence or even killed by violence. In order to protect their own lives and the legal interests of other relatives, they have no choice but to kill the abuser when he is unprepared, which meets the constitutive requirements of defensive emergency avoidance and can be used as the cause of their crime. To find a way to solve the qualitative problem of battered women’s husband killing behavior in domestic violence, so as to better realize fairness and justice.展开更多
文摘目的对我国防御性医疗研究现状进行梳理,为后续相关研究提供借鉴。方法检索时限为数据库建库至2024年3月,检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、Pubmed数据库,根据纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,按研究的基本特征、测量工具、影响因素等要素对我国防御性医疗研究现状进行归纳整理。结果共纳入24篇中文文献、4篇英文文献。结果显示:我国医务人员中的防御性医疗发生率较高;在不同研究中,防御性医疗的测量工具存有差异;主要影响因素包括性别、年龄、职称等医生个人特征,法律、医疗保险等制度因素,医患关系、负面舆论等社会文化因素。结论我国防御性医疗行为较为普遍,且受多重因素影响,需多维解构防御性医疗现状的形成机制,为消极防御性医疗治理提供依据。
文摘对于家庭暴力案件中受虐妇女杀夫行为导致施暴者重伤或者死亡的情况,司法实践中的处理方式通常是定罪轻罚,仅从量刑角度找到从宽处罚的理由,忽略了从定罪角度给予其妥当化的定性评价从而出罪的可能性。通过正当防卫扩张论以及期待可能性理论来评价受虐妇女杀夫行为从而出罪的路径都存在问题。防御性紧急避险为受虐妇女杀夫的行为提供了一条更合适的出罪路径,满足时间条件、不得已条件以及限度条件的,就能够评价为防御性紧急避险而阻却违法。首先,家庭暴力是一种临近的不法攻击或持续性危险。其次,杀夫行为是受虐妇女迫不得已的选择。最后,对杀人行为进行利益衡量。因此,家庭暴力的受暴妇女身处遭受家庭暴力甚至被施暴致死的危险当中,为保护自身以及其他亲人的生命法益,走投无路,趁施暴者不备将其杀死的行为,符合防御性紧急避险的构成要件,可以此作为其出罪事由。为家庭暴力中受虐妇女杀夫行为的定性问题找到一种解决思路,更好地实现公平正义。In the case of domestic violence, the battered woman’s act of killing her husband leads to serious injury or death of the abuser, the way of judicial practice is usually conviction and light punishment, and the reason for lenient punishment is found only from the perspective of sentencing, ignoring the possibility of giving proper qualitative evaluation from the perspective of conviction to convict. There are some problems in evaluating the ways of battered women killing their husbands through the theory of justifiable defense expansion and the theory of expectant possibility. Defensive emergency hedging provides a more appropriate way for battered women to kill their husbands. If it meets the conditions of time, necessity and limitation, it can be evaluated that defensive emergency hedging is illegal. First, domestic violence is an imminent unlawful assault or ongoing danger. Secondly, the act of husband killing is a forced choice for battered women. Finally, the benefit of killing behavior is measured. Therefore, women who are victims of domestic violence are in danger of being subjected to domestic violence or even killed by violence. In order to protect their own lives and the legal interests of other relatives, they have no choice but to kill the abuser when he is unprepared, which meets the constitutive requirements of defensive emergency avoidance and can be used as the cause of their crime. To find a way to solve the qualitative problem of battered women’s husband killing behavior in domestic violence, so as to better realize fairness and justice.
