Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismi...Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismic vulnerability. It is the ways of nonlinear seismology region. Unconditionally seism zoning and the theory of catastrophes allow reduce human losses and building destruction. But well-known isoseists are the private case of caustic catastrophe theory or seismo-acoustics, so seism zoning can be amounted to 6 elementary catastrophe forms. It will better help to predict seismic actions. The short-time local prediction of seismic events is general method for strong reducing of human losses. This method takes into account chaotic properties of stress fields and waves and the peculiarities of urban area. It bases on the natural seismo-emission phenomenon and is realized by long-time monitoring, which gives statistically and geographically continuous picture （chart） of seismic noise level inside geologic media. The instruments of this strategy are shock and pressure-proofed seismometers for long-time monitoring and control the state of geological media including underwater shelf areas. The authors think that the active protecting for cities and buildings as the best modem form of people safety consists in stress discharge of geologic media. Ultrasonic wave defense includes and bases on strong interaction between powerful waves from earthquake and ultrasonic wave train. The authors want to point out that the technical objects may be used lbr the investigation of earthquakes induced and some reasons of seismic vulnerability. Also reducing of seismic vulnerability contains as component kinetic acting on volcano at the pre-explosive stage. The interesting and important aspect of defense problem is observation of the inharmonic wave processes in the soil and quasi-constant forces as the nearest seismic analogue of radiation forces in nonlinear acoustics under powerful earthquake seismic tremor.展开更多
MASSIVE （mapping seismic vulnerability and risk of cities） is a GIS-based earthquake preparedness system that was developed under the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism project （GA No. 070401/2009/540429/SUB...MASSIVE （mapping seismic vulnerability and risk of cities） is a GIS-based earthquake preparedness system that was developed under the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism project （GA No. 070401/2009/540429/SUB/A4）, in order to provide civil protection authorities with accurate, and easily transferable tools for generating up-to-date maps of seismic hazard, seismic vulnerability and seismic risk of buildings, at the scale of the single building block. In addition, MASSIVE developed and ran state-of-the-art models to assess the risk for population evacuation in dense urban agglomerations given an earthquake event. The MASSIVE methodology was designed, implemented and validated considering two European pilot sites, heavily struck by recent earthquakes, which are the western part of the Larger Metropolitan Area of Athens （GR）, and the city of L＇ Aquila in the Abruzzo Region （IT）. The validation of the results using past earthquake records shows that the performance of MASSIVE is prosperous, achieving a correlation between the modeled and the on-site measured PGAs （peak ground accelerations） higher than 0.75, while the correlation between the on-site reported building damages and the ones predicted by the MASSIVE system has been of the order of 0.80.展开更多
文摘Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismic vulnerability. It is the ways of nonlinear seismology region. Unconditionally seism zoning and the theory of catastrophes allow reduce human losses and building destruction. But well-known isoseists are the private case of caustic catastrophe theory or seismo-acoustics, so seism zoning can be amounted to 6 elementary catastrophe forms. It will better help to predict seismic actions. The short-time local prediction of seismic events is general method for strong reducing of human losses. This method takes into account chaotic properties of stress fields and waves and the peculiarities of urban area. It bases on the natural seismo-emission phenomenon and is realized by long-time monitoring, which gives statistically and geographically continuous picture （chart） of seismic noise level inside geologic media. The instruments of this strategy are shock and pressure-proofed seismometers for long-time monitoring and control the state of geological media including underwater shelf areas. The authors think that the active protecting for cities and buildings as the best modem form of people safety consists in stress discharge of geologic media. Ultrasonic wave defense includes and bases on strong interaction between powerful waves from earthquake and ultrasonic wave train. The authors want to point out that the technical objects may be used lbr the investigation of earthquakes induced and some reasons of seismic vulnerability. Also reducing of seismic vulnerability contains as component kinetic acting on volcano at the pre-explosive stage. The interesting and important aspect of defense problem is observation of the inharmonic wave processes in the soil and quasi-constant forces as the nearest seismic analogue of radiation forces in nonlinear acoustics under powerful earthquake seismic tremor.
文摘MASSIVE （mapping seismic vulnerability and risk of cities） is a GIS-based earthquake preparedness system that was developed under the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism project （GA No. 070401/2009/540429/SUB/A4）, in order to provide civil protection authorities with accurate, and easily transferable tools for generating up-to-date maps of seismic hazard, seismic vulnerability and seismic risk of buildings, at the scale of the single building block. In addition, MASSIVE developed and ran state-of-the-art models to assess the risk for population evacuation in dense urban agglomerations given an earthquake event. The MASSIVE methodology was designed, implemented and validated considering two European pilot sites, heavily struck by recent earthquakes, which are the western part of the Larger Metropolitan Area of Athens （GR）, and the city of L＇ Aquila in the Abruzzo Region （IT）. The validation of the results using past earthquake records shows that the performance of MASSIVE is prosperous, achieving a correlation between the modeled and the on-site measured PGAs （peak ground accelerations） higher than 0.75, while the correlation between the on-site reported building damages and the ones predicted by the MASSIVE system has been of the order of 0.80.
