Amitav Ghosh is one the most remarkable writers of the postmodernism era. He excelled in this era with his trend of magic realism. The Shadow Lines is a story told by a nameless narrator in recollection. It＇s a non l...Amitav Ghosh is one the most remarkable writers of the postmodernism era. He excelled in this era with his trend of magic realism. The Shadow Lines is a story told by a nameless narrator in recollection. It＇s a non linear tale told as if putting together the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle in the memory of the narrator. This style of writing is both unique and captivating; unfolding ideas together as time and space coalesce and helping the narrator understand his past better. Revolving around the theme of nationalism in an increasingly globalized world, Ghosh questions the real meaning of political freedom and the borders which virtually seem to both establish and separate. The novel traverses through almost seventy years through the memories of people, which the narrator recollects and narrates, giving their viewpoint along with his own. Though the novel is based largely in Kolkata, Dhaka, and London, it seems to echo the sentiments of whole Southeast Asia, with lucid overtones of Independence and the pangs of Partition.展开更多
Data from the Tibet air shower array were used to examine the cosmic ray shadows of the Moon and the Sun at energies around 10Tev.The shadowing effect was clearly observed at the 5.8level for the Moon,while the shadow...Data from the Tibet air shower array were used to examine the cosmic ray shadows of the Moon and the Sun at energies around 10Tev.The shadowing effect was clearly observed at the 5.8level for the Moon,while the shadow of the Sun was found in the direction away from the sun by 0.86°tothe west and 0.43°to the south.The effect of the geomagnetic field has also been observed in the shadow of cosmic rays by the Moon.The observed deflection of the sun’s shadow is briefly discussed in connection with the effect of the magnetic fields between the sun and the Earth.This is the first observation of the effects of such magnetic fields on the cosmic ray shadow.The maximum-likelihood analysis of the Moon data set shows that the angular resolutions of the array for showers with its mode energies 7TeVand 35TeV are 0.87°-0.13°+0.10°and 0.54°-0.08°+0.11°,respectively.展开更多
Due to the complexity of the composite fading channel, a new simplified channel model is proposed to analyze the bit error ratio（BER） performance of the distributed antenna system （DAS）. First, instead of the gamm...Due to the complexity of the composite fading channel, a new simplified channel model is proposed to analyze the bit error ratio（BER） performance of the distributed antenna system （DAS）. First, instead of the gamma-log-normal distribution, the log-normal distribution is applied to describe the output signal to noise ratio（SNR） after maximal ratio combining （MRC） at the receiver. Then, assuming that the channel state information（CSI） is available to the transmitter, by employing the Gauss-Hermite integral, an approximate analytical expression of the BER is derived for the downlink of the DAS with antenna selective transmission and MRC. Finally, the results of a Monte Carlo simulation show that the analytical results match the simulation results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed approximate channel model is effective and accurate, and the derived analytical expression can be used to evaluate the real system performance.展开更多
With the deployment of small cells and device to device communications in future heterogeneous networks,in many situations we would encounter mobile radio channels with partly blocked line of sight component,which are...With the deployment of small cells and device to device communications in future heterogeneous networks,in many situations we would encounter mobile radio channels with partly blocked line of sight component,which are well modeled by the Rician shadowed(RS) fading channel.In this paper,by the usage of Kummer transformation,a simplified representation of the RS fading channel with integral fading parameter is given.It is a finite series representation involving only exponential function and low order polynomials.This allows engineers not only the closed-form expressions for exact performance analysis over RS fading channel,but also the insights on the system design tactics.展开更多
文摘Amitav Ghosh is one the most remarkable writers of the postmodernism era. He excelled in this era with his trend of magic realism. The Shadow Lines is a story told by a nameless narrator in recollection. It＇s a non linear tale told as if putting together the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle in the memory of the narrator. This style of writing is both unique and captivating; unfolding ideas together as time and space coalesce and helping the narrator understand his past better. Revolving around the theme of nationalism in an increasingly globalized world, Ghosh questions the real meaning of political freedom and the borders which virtually seem to both establish and separate. The novel traverses through almost seventy years through the memories of people, which the narrator recollects and narrates, giving their viewpoint along with his own. Though the novel is based largely in Kolkata, Dhaka, and London, it seems to echo the sentiments of whole Southeast Asia, with lucid overtones of Independence and the pangs of Partition.
基金We are grateful to Prof.J.Arafune of ICRR,University of Tokyo and Prof.S.X.Fan of IHEP,Chinese Academy of Science for their support and encouragement.
文摘Data from the Tibet air shower array were used to examine the cosmic ray shadows of the Moon and the Sun at energies around 10Tev.The shadowing effect was clearly observed at the 5.8level for the Moon,while the shadow of the Sun was found in the direction away from the sun by 0.86°tothe west and 0.43°to the south.The effect of the geomagnetic field has also been observed in the shadow of cosmic rays by the Moon.The observed deflection of the sun’s shadow is briefly discussed in connection with the effect of the magnetic fields between the sun and the Earth.This is the first observation of the effects of such magnetic fields on the cosmic ray shadow.The maximum-likelihood analysis of the Moon data set shows that the angular resolutions of the array for showers with its mode energies 7TeVand 35TeV are 0.87°-0.13°+0.10°and 0.54°-0.08°+0.11°,respectively.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863Program) (No.2007AA01Z207,2007AA01Z268)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in UniversityResearch Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory of Southeast University(No.2008A06)
文摘Due to the complexity of the composite fading channel, a new simplified channel model is proposed to analyze the bit error ratio（BER） performance of the distributed antenna system （DAS）. First, instead of the gamma-log-normal distribution, the log-normal distribution is applied to describe the output signal to noise ratio（SNR） after maximal ratio combining （MRC） at the receiver. Then, assuming that the channel state information（CSI） is available to the transmitter, by employing the Gauss-Hermite integral, an approximate analytical expression of the BER is derived for the downlink of the DAS with antenna selective transmission and MRC. Finally, the results of a Monte Carlo simulation show that the analytical results match the simulation results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed approximate channel model is effective and accurate, and the derived analytical expression can be used to evaluate the real system performance.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.61171089the Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.91438104
文摘With the deployment of small cells and device to device communications in future heterogeneous networks,in many situations we would encounter mobile radio channels with partly blocked line of sight component,which are well modeled by the Rician shadowed(RS) fading channel.In this paper,by the usage of Kummer transformation,a simplified representation of the RS fading channel with integral fading parameter is given.It is a finite series representation involving only exponential function and low order polynomials.This allows engineers not only the closed-form expressions for exact performance analysis over RS fading channel,but also the insights on the system design tactics.
