Cloud vertical structures and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitati...Cloud vertical structures and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. Results show that the TP generally has a compression effect on cloud systems, as manifested by a shrinking cloud depth and lowering cloud top. Precipitation is weaker over the TP than its neighboring regions and exhibits large seasonal variations. In summer, cloud ice particles over the TP are mostly located at lower altitude （5-10 km）, with a larger variability of sizes and aggregation （particle number concentration） under no-rain conditions compared to other regions. Ice water content becomes abundant and the number concentration tends to be dense at higher altitudes when precipitation is enhanced. However, even for heavy rainstorms, the aggregation is most likely between 100 and 250 L-1, whereas it can reach as high as 500 L-1 over its neighboring land and tropical oceans. Given the same magnitude of precipitation, the spectrum of ice particle sizes is found to be wider over the TP than other regions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1501402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41830104, 41375148, 41675022)+2 种基金Belmont Forum and JPI Climate Collaborative Research Action with NSFC (Grant No. 41661144007)the “Hundred Talents Program” of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Jiangsu Provincial 2011 Program (Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change)
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 91637312],[grant number 91437219]the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS,the Third Tibetan Plateau Scientific Experiment[grant number GYHY201406001]+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development Project of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau[grant number QM201711]the Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(second phase)
文摘Cloud vertical structures and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. Results show that the TP generally has a compression effect on cloud systems, as manifested by a shrinking cloud depth and lowering cloud top. Precipitation is weaker over the TP than its neighboring regions and exhibits large seasonal variations. In summer, cloud ice particles over the TP are mostly located at lower altitude （5-10 km）, with a larger variability of sizes and aggregation （particle number concentration） under no-rain conditions compared to other regions. Ice water content becomes abundant and the number concentration tends to be dense at higher altitudes when precipitation is enhanced. However, even for heavy rainstorms, the aggregation is most likely between 100 and 250 L-1, whereas it can reach as high as 500 L-1 over its neighboring land and tropical oceans. Given the same magnitude of precipitation, the spectrum of ice particle sizes is found to be wider over the TP than other regions.
