食品级氯化钾制取工艺技术研究

文章以青海盐湖工业股份有限公司兑卤法生产的氯化钾为原料,通过尝试利用吸附、蒸发等技术方法,验证效果显著且经济实用的除胺工艺,最终制备出食品级氯化钾。

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Derivatives of Toxin III from Phoma herbarbum

[Objective] In order to improve the herbicidal activity of toxins III（methyl2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoate） from Phoma herbarbum, its structure was optimized by derivatization. [Method] Sixteen novel title compounds were synthesized by nitration and acylation with o-toluic acid as a starting material. Their structures were confirmed by IR and1 H NMR. [Result] The herbicidal activity screening showed that the inhibition rate of J-L-59 against E. crusgalli roots was 93.7% at 100 μg/ml. The fresh weight efficacy of J-L-59 against A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus was 100%at 1 000 g a.i./hm^2 , and the ED50 value for A. retroflexus was 94.06 g a.i./hm^2 .[Conclusion] J-L-59 has higher herbicidal activity.

In situ Detection of Amide A Bands of Proteins in Water by Raman Ratio Spectrum

The amide A band of protein is sensitive to the hydrogen bands of amide groups of proteins. However, it is hard to distinguish the amide A band of aqueous protein in situ directly, since it overlaps with O-H stretching vibration of water. In this work, we presented a new analytical method of Raman ratio spectrum, which can extract the amide A band of proteins in water. To obtain the Raman ratio spectrum, the Raman spectrum of aqueous protein was divided by that of pure water. A mathematical simulation was employed to examine whether Raman ratio spectrum is effective. Two kinds of protein, lysozyme and （^-chymotrypsin were employed. The amide A bands of them in water were extracted from Raman ratio spectra. Additionally, the process of thermal denaturation of lysozyme was detected from Raman ratio spectrum. These results demonstrated the Raman ratio spectra could be employed to study the amide A modes of proteins in water.

Research Status of Amide Herbicides and Their Safeners

The widespread use of chemical herbicides especially amide herbicides has promoted the innovation of chemical weeding in farmland, but amide herbicides have brought invisible chemical injuries to crops in addition to weeding. Herbi-cidesafeners should be applied at the same time with herbicides to ensure herbi- cides will not injure crops while controlling weeds. The research and application of safeners is of great significance to resolving or alleviating the negative effects of herbicides on crop growth. The overview, mechanism, applied research progress and existing problems of amide herbicides and their safenars are summarized.

Long-term effects of proglumide on resection of cardiac adenocarcinoma

AIM:Patients with advanced stage cardiac adenocarcinoma have a very poor prognosis. Surgery is the first choice of treatment for this kind of patients. Peptide hormone gastrin is a recognized growth factor for gastric cancer, and gastrin receptor antagonist proglumide can block the effects of gastrin. The aim of this study was to investigate the actions of proglumide as an adjuvant treatment to improve the postoperative long-term survival rate of patients with cardiac adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We performed a randomized, controlled study of gastrin receptor antagonist proglumide in 301 patients with cardiac adenocarcinoma after proximal subtotal gastrectomy. The oral dose of 0.4 g proglumide thrice daily preprandially was maintained for more than 5 years in 153 cases (proglumide treatment group). In the control group, 148 patients underwent operation only. In clinicopathologic features, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). All patients were followed up during their lifetime, and the survival rates were analyzed combined with clinicopathologic factors by SPSS 11.5 statistical software. RESULTS: The 1,3,5 and 10-year survival rate of the patients was 88.4%, 48.8%, 22.6% and 13.4%, respectively. The 1,3,5 and 10-year survival rate of the proglumide treatment group was 90.2%, 49.7%, 26.8% and 17.6% compared to 86.5%, 48.0%, 18.2% and 8.9% of the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.0460). The patients in proglumide treatment group had no obvious side effects after administration of the drug, and no definite hepatic and renal function damage was found. According to single factor log-rank analysis, the long-term survival rate was correlated with the primary tumor position (P= 0.0205), length of the tumor (P= 0.0000), property of the operation (P= 0.0000), histopathologic grading (P = 0.0003), infiltrating degree of the tumor (/>= 0.0000), influence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0000), clinicopathologic staging (P= 0.0000) and administration of proglumide (P = 0.0460). Cox regression analysis demonstrated the infiltrating degree of tumor (P= 0.000), influence of lymph node metastasis (P= 0.039) and the clinicopathologic staging (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors. Administration of proglumide (P= 0.081), length of the tumor (P = 0.304), radical status of the resection (P= 0.224) and histopathologic types (P= 0.072) were not the independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Proglumide is convenient to use with no obvious toxic side effects, and prolonged postoperative administration of proglumide as a postoperative adjuvant treatment can increase the survival rate of patients after resection of cardiac adenocarcinoma. Proglumide may provide a new effective approach of endocrinotherapy for patients with gastric cardiac cancer.

Preparation and characterization of eco-friendly poly(p-phenylenediamine) and its composite with chitosan for removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions

Poly(p-phenylenediamine)/chitosan (PPPDA/Chi) composite was prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of p-phenylenediamine (PPPDA) into chitosan (Chi) using ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidant. PPPDA and PPPDA/Chi composite were characterized by FT-IR spectra and SEM before and after copper loading. In batch adsorption method, the maximum removal of copper was experienced when 1 g/L of PPPDA and PPPDA/Chi composite dosages were used at pH 5.0 for PPPDA and 6.0 for PPPDA/Chi composite for 360 min for both sorbents. PPPDA showed adsorption capacity qemax of 650 mg/g whereas its composite achieved qemax of 573 mg/g. The experimental data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm equation and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Cu(II), loaded PPPDA and its composite can be efficiently reused for as many as four cycles. The Cu(II)-loaded sorbents showed high antibacterial efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than their unloaded forms.

Effects of Four Kinds of Triazine Herbicides on the Photoquenching Degradation of Acetochlor

Effects of four kinds of triazine herbicides on the photodegradation of acetochlor were studied on glass surface and in aqueous solution under three kinds of light sources, i.e., xenon lamp, high pressure mercury lamp and natural sunlight. The results indicated that atrazine, simetryne, prometryne and ametryne exhibited significant effects on the photoquenching degradation of acetochlor, and there was an obvious positive correlation between their effects and the dosage of four kinds of triazine herbicides.

Removal of As and Heavy Metals （Cd, Cu and Pb） in Fine Soil from Soil Washing Process Using Chelating Agent

Fine soil generated from the soil washing process can be the second problem, as contaminants are concentrated in the fine soil, and also took the difficult forms to treat because soluble and exchangeable fractions are already removed by soil washing process; therefore, the fine soil is indicated to hazardous waste, and discarded in hazardous waste landfill. Thus, this research would be performed that arsenic and heavy metals formed difficult to remove in the fine soil were converted to more treatable fractions with chelating agents. Moreover, feasibility study to apply the second remediation targeted to the fine soil inquired. As a result, the chelating agent was decided 50 mM Na2EDTA, and it could develop the complex. In addition, the result of sequential extraction showed that Mn/Fe-oxide fraction, comprised about 28% of amount at first, was decreased about 16%, and organic fraction, consisted approximately 20%, was also decreased about 11%, while exchangeable fraction and carbonate fraction were increased. This result means that the difficult fractions removed could change fractions） by chelating agent. This research can provide the possibility hazardous waste because of difficulty to remediate. the more treatable fractions （exchangeable and carbonate to treat the fine soil, although the fine soil was regarded to

The Toxic Mechanism of High Lethality of Herbicide Butachlor in Marine Flatfish Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus, was analyzed by histopathological examination, antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor. The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema, lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium, breakdown of pillar cells, and blood congestion. The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality. Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill （FG） ceils exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GPX）. Furthermore, along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased, too. This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP. Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues. Taken together, as in FG cells, butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells, which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder.

Removal of Organic Matter and Ammonia Nitrogen in Azodicarbonamide Wastewater by a Combination of Power Ultrasound Radiation and Hydrogen Peroxide

A simple and efficient sonochemical method was developed for the degradation of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in azodicarbonamide wastewater.The effects of initial pH,ultrasound format and peripheral water level on the sonolysis of hydrazine,urea,COD and ammonia nitrogen were investigated.It is found that the initial pH has a significant influence on the degradation of hydrazine and ammonia nitrogen,whereas this impact to urea is relatively small.It also shows that a noticeable enhancement of ammonia nitrogen removal could be achieved in a proper intermittent ultrasound operation mode,i.e.,1/1 min on/off mode.The height difference between the periph-eral water level and the inner water level of the flask affects the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment as well.

Primary synovial sarcoma of pericardium: A case report

Primary pericardial sarcomas are extremely rare. We report a case of 19 year old male who presented with cough, dyspnoea, and orthopnea. Investigations and exploratory thoracotomy revealed a large pericardial mass. Surgical debulking of the tumor was performed and the histopathological examination was compatible with synovial sarcoma. The tumor was unresectable due to its invasion and adhesion to mediastinal structures. Hence patient was started on palliative chemotherapy (adriamycin and ifosfamide based). Patient showed an initial symptomatic response but later on there was a clinical progres-sion and died within six months of his diagnosis.

COD Removal Efficiencies of Some Aromatic Compounds in Supercritical Water Oxidation

Some aromatic compounds, phenol, aniline and nitrobenzene, were oxidized in supercritical water. It was experimentally found that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of these organic compounds can achieve a high level more than 90% in a short residence time at temperatures high enough. As temperature, pressure and residence time increase, the COD removal efficiencies of the organic compounds would all increase. It is also found that temperature and residence time offer greater influences on the oxidation process than pressure. The difficulty in oxidizing these three compounds is in the order of nitrobenzene ＞ aniline ＞ Phenol. In addition, it is extremely difficult to oxidize aniline and nitrobenzene to CO2 and H2O at the temperature lower than 873.15 K and 923.15 K, respectively. Only at the temperature higher than 873.15 K and 923.15 K, respectively, the COD removal efficiencies of 90% of aniline and nitrobenzene can be achieved.