多功能雷达建模中的雷达字提取技术研究

雷达字为有限数目脉冲的固定排列,能够反映多功能雷达的工作状态和威胁等级。针对漏脉冲和虚假脉冲所造成的雷达字不能正确提取的问题,提出了一种基于三级匹配的雷达字提取算法。该算法首先对分选后的辐射源脉冲列进行数据库级的匹配过滤,确定模板雷达范围,然后分别利用脉冲配对和序列相关技术进行精确识别。仿真实验表明,该方法不仅能提取多功能雷达辐射源的雷达字,而且对噪声环境具有较好的适应能力。

基于雷达字建模的多功能雷达工作模式识别

在多功能雷达脉冲信号出现漏脉冲和虚假脉冲的情况下,错误脉冲导致雷达工作模式识别性能不佳,为此,提出一种雷达字建模的改进方法,并运用数据挖掘中的Apriori关联算法实现对雷达工作模式的准确识别。在雷达辐射源出现漏脉冲和虚假脉冲的情况下,一方面通过增加4个参数来提高识别性能,另一方面通过对错误脉冲参数进行校正,提高雷达字建模的准确率。仿真结果表明,在漏脉冲率和虚假脉冲率为40%时,改进方法的雷达字模型准确率分别提高了8%和6%,对雷达工作模式识别的平均置信度提高了6%。

一种改进的事件驱动的MFR雷达字提取方法

从多功能雷达(MFR)脉冲序列中准确提取出雷达字是实现MFR行为认知的前提。作为脉冲序列分析的重要组成部分,现有的雷达字提取方法仅仅利用了脉冲到达时间这一信息,难以适应多参数灵活变化的复杂雷达信号。以传统的事件驱动方法为基础,提出一种改进的MFR的雷达字提取方法,对侦收到雷达脉冲依次进行量化、编码、计算事件概率,最后利用决策准则提取对应的雷达字。利用模拟生成的MFR脉冲序列对算法进行仿真,结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高提取准确率,且对虚假脉冲和漏脉冲有良好的适应性。该算法的应用能够为后续对MFR行为的准确辨识提供支撑。

一种基于子空间聚类的雷达字提取算法

在认知侦察领域,对多功能相控阵雷达(Multifunction Phased Array Radar,MPAR)的脉冲序列进行分析,得到目标威胁等级和其他直观的有效情报,可以直接服务于作战指挥中心的决策部署。其中对雷达字提取是进行行为分析和预测的基础,其提取的结果将间接影响最后实施干扰决策的措施。针对从前提取算法利用侦收信息不全而CLIQUE算法簇边缘丢失等问题,提出了一种基于子空间聚类的雷达字提取算法。仿真实验结果表明,在漏脉冲率为30%的情况下该改进算法的提取准确率、F-值和调整兰德系数均优于传统算法,可以很好地服务于认知电子战中的雷达对抗。

针对非均衡样本的雷达字提取算法

雷达字作为构成雷达短语的基元,其提取效果的好坏将直接影响后续雷达行为辨识的可信度。针对侦收数据不均衡情况下的雷达字提取问题,提出一种基于K-means算法改进的K-OPTICS雷达字提取算法。通过构建虚拟聚类中心和簇合并的方法,使其在各种样本不均衡的仿真场景下仍能取得91.22%以上的提取准确率,较传统算法具有更好的参数不敏感性。

Research on High-Accuracy Programmable Timer Used in Acquiring UWB Signals

UWB signal digitization depends, to a large extent, on the accuracy of sampling time. A highaccuracy programmable timer is therefore the key to implementing UWB signal data acquisition. A high-accuracy programmable timer based on the principle of ramp generators is described in this paper. The counting range of the timer is up to 16 bits, the timing precision is 8 ps, and the equivalent sampling rate is up to 50G Hz. No other identical product has been reported so far. This timer was successfully used in the data acquisition system for geological radar signals developed by us.

Two-sided Long Baseline Radargrammetry from Ascending Descending Orbits with Application to Mapping Post-seismic Topography in the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

One-sided ascending or descending Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） stereoradargrammetry has limited accuracy of topographic mapping due to the short spatial baseline（-100 km） and small intersection angle. In order to improve the performance and reliability of generating digital elevation model（DEM） from spaceborne SAR radargrammetry, an exploration of two-sided stereoradargrammetry from the combination of ascending and descending orbits with geometric configuration of long spatial baseline（-1000 km） was conducted in this study. The slant-range geometry between SAR sensors to the earth surface and the Doppler positioning equations were employed to establish the stereoscopic intersection model. The measurement uncertainty of two-sided radargrammetric elevation was estimated on the basis of radar parallax of homogeneous points between input SAR images. Two stereo-pairs of ALOS/PALSAR（Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar） acquisitions with the orbital separation almost 1080 km over the west Sichuan foreland basin with rolling topography in southwestern China were employed in the study to obtain the up-to-date terrain data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that hit this area. Thequantitative accuracy assessment of two-sided radargrammetric DEM was performed with reference to field GPS observations. The experimental results show that the elevation accuracy reaches 5.5 m without ground control points（GCPs） used, and the accuracy is further improved to 1.5 m with only one GPS GCP used as the least constraint. The theoretical analysis and testing results demonstrate that the twosided long baseline SAR radargrammetry from the ascending and descending orbits can be a very promising technical alternative for large-area and high accuracy topographic mapping.

A Case Study of Using External DEM in InSAR DEM Generation

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has been used as an innovative technique for digital elevation model (DEM) and topographic map generation. In this paper, external DEMs are used for InSAR DEM generation to reduce the errors in data processing. The DEMs generated from repeat-pass InSAR are compared. For steep slopes and severe changes in topography, phase unwrapping quality can be improved by subtracting the phase calculated from an external DEM. It is affirmative that the absolute height accuracy of the InSAR DEM is improved by using external DEM. The data processing was undertaken without the use of ground control points and other manual operation.

Adaptive Filter in SAR Interferometry Derived DEM

In this paper, the performance of median filter, elevation dependent adaptive sigma median filter, and directionally dependent adaptive sigma median filter are tested on both InSAR Tandem DEM and simulated high-level noisy DEM. Through the comparison, the directionally dependent adaptive sigma median filter is proved to be the most effective one not only in the noise removing but also in the boundary preserve.

APULSECOMPRESSORIMPLEMENTATIONWITHDSPFORSMALLTBPRODUCTLFMWAVEFORM

This paper describes a pulse compressor implementation with DSP for small Time Bandwidth (TB) product Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform. It contains the digital generation of the LFM waveform and the digital internally Hamming weighted compression filter. Two methods for suppression of time sidelobe of the digital pulse compressor are employed. First, the LFM waveform is modified by using cubic phase pre distortion for reducing the effect of Fresnel ripples in small TB product LFM waveform. Secondly, anti aliasing filter is used before A/D converter for reducing spectrum skirt level of the returned LFM waveform. The parameters of the compression filter implemented with IMSA100 DSP are programmable. The experiments show that the peak time sidelobe level of the digital pulse compressor is less than -32 dB for TB product of 20.

HIGH-RESOLUTION AUTOMOBILE FMCW SAR AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

The paper presents a high-resolution automobile Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar(FMCW SAR) named MiniSAR and the procedure of its signal processing.The imaging geometry of automobile SAR is very different from that of airborne SAR,leading to a different data processing method for automobile SAR.Therefore,in the paper,we propose an image formation approach that can well handle the focusing issues of automobile SAR.The effects of the strong reflected signal and the spatial-variant synthetic aperture length are analyzed.The processed results with automobile FMCW SAR read data validate the presented method.

Segments-based progressive TIN densification filter for DTM generation from airborne LIDAR data

Airborne light detection and ranging( LIDAR) has revolutionized conventional methods for digital terrain models( DTMs) acquisition. Ground filtering for airborne LIDAR is one of the core steps taken to obtain a high quality DTM. This paper presents a segments-based progressive TIN( triangulated irregular network) densification( SPTD) filter that can automatically separate ground points from non-ground points. The SPTD method is composed of two key steps: point cloud segmentation and clustering by iterative judgement. The clustering method uses the dual distance to obtain a set of seed points as a coarse spatial clustering process. Then the rest of the valid point clouds are classified iteratively. Finally,the datasets provided by ISPRS are utilized to test the filtering performance.In comparison with the commercial software Terra Solid,the experimental results show that the SPTD method in this paper can avoid single threshold restrictions. The expected accuracy of ground point determination is capable of producing reliable DTMs in the discontinuous areas.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.

SAR Image Coregistration Using Fringe Definition Detection

In order to overcome the limitation of cross correlation coregistration method for Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） interferometric pairs with low coherence, a new image coregistration algorithm based on Fringe Definition Detection （FDD） is presented in this paper. The Fourier transformation was utilized to obtain spectrum characteristics of interferometric fringes. The ratio between spectrum mean and peak was proposed as the evaluation index for identifying homologous pixels from interferometric images. The satellites ERS-1/2 C-band SAR acquisitions covering the Yangtze River plain delta, eastern China and ALOS/PALSAR L-band images over the Longmen Shan mountainous area, southwestern China were respectively employed in the experiment to validate the proposed coregistration method. The testing results suggested that the derived Digital Elevation Model （DEM） from FDD method had good agreement with that from the cross correlation method as well as the reference DEM at high coherence area. However, The FDD method achieved a totally improved topographic mapping accuracy by 24 percent in comparison to the cross correlation method. The FDD method also showed better robustness and achieved relatively higher performance for SAR image eoregistration in mountainous areas with low coherence.