弗里德里希·威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德(Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald,1853—1932)是一位伟大的学者。他是物理化学的奠基者和代言人,是20世纪起主导作用的颜色学的研究者之一,曾荣获1909年诺贝尔化学奖。他就科学哲学、科学方法论、科...弗里德里希·威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德(Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald,1853—1932)是一位伟大的学者。他是物理化学的奠基者和代言人,是20世纪起主导作用的颜色学的研究者之一,曾荣获1909年诺贝尔化学奖。他就科学哲学、科学方法论、科学天才、科学组织、一般文化问题、能源、公共教育、人道主义、战争与和平、国际主义、世界语等等问题,提出了一系列诱人的见解和行动方案。他是一位鼓舞人心的教师、综合者。展开更多
一一般的评介这部书的原名是“A History of Euro-pean Thought in the Nineteenth Century”,出版公司是英国William Blackwood。全书共4卷,2700页。第一、二卷讲“科学思想”,分别在1896和1903年出版:第三、四卷讲“哲学思想”,分别在...一一般的评介这部书的原名是“A History of Euro-pean Thought in the Nineteenth Century”,出版公司是英国William Blackwood。全书共4卷,2700页。第一、二卷讲“科学思想”,分别在1896和1903年出版:第三、四卷讲“哲学思想”,分别在1912和1914年出版。中文本是伍光建译的,1921—25年商务印书馆出版,共8卷,2800页,将近二百万字。我们看过的只是前面一半,本文讨论的也就以此为限。展开更多
Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mec...Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.展开更多
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxa...High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and diadinoxanthin. Diatoms dominated in the spring bloom, dinoflagellates in summer. Violaxanthin and chlorophyll b indicated the appearance of chrysophytes and green algae, most of which were freshwater species. The high phytoplankton biomass region was located at the inner part of the bay. Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated phytoplankton communities, contributing to over 50% of total biomass. All the main diagnostic carotenoids were significantly (P<0.01) correlated negatively to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, suggesting that they were limited by phosphorus. The high negative linear relationship (P<0.0001) between dissolved inorganic phosphorus and peridinin (dinoflagellates indicator) implied the potential of dissolved inorganic phosphorus for triggering red tide events in this region.展开更多
Kinetics of color change in tomato purees dried using microwave and conventional method were investigated. For this purpose, the color parameters of Hunter L,a,b and browning index （A42o）, and estimated values of ch...Kinetics of color change in tomato purees dried using microwave and conventional method were investigated. For this purpose, the color parameters of Hunter L,a,b and browning index （A42o）, and estimated values of chroma, hue angle, AE, Hunter a/b and a ~ b were examined. The changes in color of tomato samples followed both zero and first order kinetic models to describe visual color changes, and ＆E parameters followed first order kinetic. It was concluded that Hunter axb parameters can be used adequately to follow up the color change of tomato samples during the drying.展开更多
This work intended to characterize the seed morphology, water absorption patterns and to determine the vigor among different colored seeds of the species Centrolobium paraense （Fabaceae）. For this purpose, samaras w...This work intended to characterize the seed morphology, water absorption patterns and to determine the vigor among different colored seeds of the species Centrolobium paraense （Fabaceae）. For this purpose, samaras which were opened were collected from two sites---Agua Boa （AB） and Taiano （TAI） lo^ated in the state of Roraima, and the seeds screened by the coat coloration （light brown/intermediate brown/dark brown） for four conditions （two sites and two years of collection）. Evaluation of water absorption by the seeds at different periods, mass of 1,000 seeds, water content, electrical conductivity （EC）, seedling emergence and emergence velocity （EV） were performed. The water absorption by the seeds of Centrolobium paraense indicates coat permeability to water and distinct absorptions according to coat colorations. The EC test is efficient in determining the physiological quality of seeds of Centrolobium paraense. Seed coat coloration affects the physiological quality of the seeds of Centrolobium paraense. It is possible to distinguish the seeds of AB and TAI into two degrees of physiological quality, the light brown-colored seeds being more vigorous.展开更多
The paper traces back women like Celie, Shug, Sofia or Nettie engaged in journeys of self-discovery and development, ones that follow predicted feminist patterns, who try to get free from any dominance, either be it m...The paper traces back women like Celie, Shug, Sofia or Nettie engaged in journeys of self-discovery and development, ones that follow predicted feminist patterns, who try to get free from any dominance, either be it male, social or cultural. The colour purple signifies a metaphysical, social and personal rebirth reflected into different shades by their inner self. The social oppression for black women in their quest for freedom is the main theme of Walker＇s novel The Color Purple, written in the epistolary technique of Samuel Richardson＇s in the XVIllth century English novel. In our attempt to analyse the theme and the female characters of the novel we are also trying to cross a bridge from the slave woman of the past belonging to a completely different culture and race to the contemporary paradigm of the liberated woman. The movement in time encompasses possible similitudes and differences.展开更多
In this paper, the color elements of painting in the package design and color selection are studied, finding that although the color painting on the function of packaging design and color is different, but the color e...In this paper, the color elements of painting in the package design and color selection are studied, finding that although the color painting on the function of packaging design and color is different, but the color elements of painting can be used in the design of the packing. Through the research and analysis, any basic training is useful and necessary, and any basic training is step by step and also whether to study painting masters can learn to essence. It＇s important that design excellent works in the future.展开更多
The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, c...The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, compare the experience of the development of foreign tourism for the aged, and finally put forward some suggestions and thinking for the development of China＇s special color.展开更多
Chemotaxonomy based on diagnostic pigments is now a routine tool for macroscopic determination of the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in various aquatic environments. Since the taxonomic capability of this ...Chemotaxonomy based on diagnostic pigments is now a routine tool for macroscopic determination of the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in various aquatic environments. Since the taxonomic capability of this method depends on the relationships between diagnostic pigments and chlorophyll a of classified groups, it is critical to calibrate it by using pigment relationships obtained from representative and/or dominant species local to targeted investigation area. In this study, pigment profiles of 31 harmful algal bloom(HAB) species isolated from the coastal sea areas of China were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Pigment compositions, cellular pigment densities and ratios of pigments to chlorophyll a were determined and calculated. Among all these species, 25 kinds of pigments were detected, of which fucoxanthin, peridinin, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin were diagnostic pigments. Cellular pigment density was basically independent of species and environmental conditions, and therefore was recommended as a bridge to compare the results of HPLC-CHEMTAX technique with the traditional microscopy method. Pigment ratios of algal species isolated from the coast of China, especially the diagnostic pigment ratios, were higher than those from other locations. According to these results, pigment ratio ranges of four classes of phytoplankton common off the coast of China were summarized for using in the current chemotaxonomic method. Moreover, the differences of pigments ratios among different species under the same culturing conditions were consistent with their biological differences. Such differences have the potential to be used to classify the phytoplankton below class, which is meaningful for monitoring HABs by HPLC-CHEMTAX.展开更多
文摘弗里德里希·威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德(Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald,1853—1932)是一位伟大的学者。他是物理化学的奠基者和代言人,是20世纪起主导作用的颜色学的研究者之一,曾荣获1909年诺贝尔化学奖。他就科学哲学、科学方法论、科学天才、科学组织、一般文化问题、能源、公共教育、人道主义、战争与和平、国际主义、世界语等等问题,提出了一系列诱人的见解和行动方案。他是一位鼓舞人心的教师、综合者。
文摘一一般的评介这部书的原名是“A History of Euro-pean Thought in the Nineteenth Century”,出版公司是英国William Blackwood。全书共4卷,2700页。第一、二卷讲“科学思想”,分别在1896和1903年出版:第三、四卷讲“哲学思想”,分别在1912和1914年出版。中文本是伍光建译的,1921—25年商务印书馆出版,共8卷,2800页,将近二百万字。我们看过的只是前面一半,本文讨论的也就以此为限。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671644, 30771680)
文摘Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.
文摘High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and diadinoxanthin. Diatoms dominated in the spring bloom, dinoflagellates in summer. Violaxanthin and chlorophyll b indicated the appearance of chrysophytes and green algae, most of which were freshwater species. The high phytoplankton biomass region was located at the inner part of the bay. Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated phytoplankton communities, contributing to over 50% of total biomass. All the main diagnostic carotenoids were significantly (P<0.01) correlated negatively to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, suggesting that they were limited by phosphorus. The high negative linear relationship (P<0.0001) between dissolved inorganic phosphorus and peridinin (dinoflagellates indicator) implied the potential of dissolved inorganic phosphorus for triggering red tide events in this region.
文摘Kinetics of color change in tomato purees dried using microwave and conventional method were investigated. For this purpose, the color parameters of Hunter L,a,b and browning index （A42o）, and estimated values of chroma, hue angle, AE, Hunter a/b and a ~ b were examined. The changes in color of tomato samples followed both zero and first order kinetic models to describe visual color changes, and ＆E parameters followed first order kinetic. It was concluded that Hunter axb parameters can be used adequately to follow up the color change of tomato samples during the drying.
文摘This work intended to characterize the seed morphology, water absorption patterns and to determine the vigor among different colored seeds of the species Centrolobium paraense （Fabaceae）. For this purpose, samaras which were opened were collected from two sites---Agua Boa （AB） and Taiano （TAI） lo^ated in the state of Roraima, and the seeds screened by the coat coloration （light brown/intermediate brown/dark brown） for four conditions （two sites and two years of collection）. Evaluation of water absorption by the seeds at different periods, mass of 1,000 seeds, water content, electrical conductivity （EC）, seedling emergence and emergence velocity （EV） were performed. The water absorption by the seeds of Centrolobium paraense indicates coat permeability to water and distinct absorptions according to coat colorations. The EC test is efficient in determining the physiological quality of seeds of Centrolobium paraense. Seed coat coloration affects the physiological quality of the seeds of Centrolobium paraense. It is possible to distinguish the seeds of AB and TAI into two degrees of physiological quality, the light brown-colored seeds being more vigorous.
文摘The paper traces back women like Celie, Shug, Sofia or Nettie engaged in journeys of self-discovery and development, ones that follow predicted feminist patterns, who try to get free from any dominance, either be it male, social or cultural. The colour purple signifies a metaphysical, social and personal rebirth reflected into different shades by their inner self. The social oppression for black women in their quest for freedom is the main theme of Walker＇s novel The Color Purple, written in the epistolary technique of Samuel Richardson＇s in the XVIllth century English novel. In our attempt to analyse the theme and the female characters of the novel we are also trying to cross a bridge from the slave woman of the past belonging to a completely different culture and race to the contemporary paradigm of the liberated woman. The movement in time encompasses possible similitudes and differences.
文摘In this paper, the color elements of painting in the package design and color selection are studied, finding that although the color painting on the function of packaging design and color is different, but the color elements of painting can be used in the design of the packing. Through the research and analysis, any basic training is useful and necessary, and any basic training is step by step and also whether to study painting masters can learn to essence. It＇s important that design excellent works in the future.
文摘The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, compare the experience of the development of foreign tourism for the aged, and finally put forward some suggestions and thinking for the development of China＇s special color.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41176063 and 41221004)the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project of China (No. 201205031)
文摘Chemotaxonomy based on diagnostic pigments is now a routine tool for macroscopic determination of the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in various aquatic environments. Since the taxonomic capability of this method depends on the relationships between diagnostic pigments and chlorophyll a of classified groups, it is critical to calibrate it by using pigment relationships obtained from representative and/or dominant species local to targeted investigation area. In this study, pigment profiles of 31 harmful algal bloom(HAB) species isolated from the coastal sea areas of China were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Pigment compositions, cellular pigment densities and ratios of pigments to chlorophyll a were determined and calculated. Among all these species, 25 kinds of pigments were detected, of which fucoxanthin, peridinin, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin were diagnostic pigments. Cellular pigment density was basically independent of species and environmental conditions, and therefore was recommended as a bridge to compare the results of HPLC-CHEMTAX technique with the traditional microscopy method. Pigment ratios of algal species isolated from the coast of China, especially the diagnostic pigment ratios, were higher than those from other locations. According to these results, pigment ratio ranges of four classes of phytoplankton common off the coast of China were summarized for using in the current chemotaxonomic method. Moreover, the differences of pigments ratios among different species under the same culturing conditions were consistent with their biological differences. Such differences have the potential to be used to classify the phytoplankton below class, which is meaningful for monitoring HABs by HPLC-CHEMTAX.
