目的探讨负性情绪对军医大学学员风险决策和抑制控制的影响。方法2023-04~07月,在某军医大学招募124名学员,依据症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)的焦虑维度和抑郁维度得分,将两维度得分均位于前27%的学员纳入低负性情绪组(n...目的探讨负性情绪对军医大学学员风险决策和抑制控制的影响。方法2023-04~07月,在某军医大学招募124名学员,依据症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)的焦虑维度和抑郁维度得分,将两维度得分均位于前27%的学员纳入低负性情绪组(n=22),两维度得分均位于后27%的学员纳入高负性情绪组(n=23)。采用剑桥赌博任务(Cambridge gamble task,CGT)和Stroop色词任务分别评估两组被试的风险决策能力和抑制控制功能。结果在风险决策方面,高负性情绪组的决策质量小于低负性情绪组,决策时间大于低负性情绪组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.505、-2.410,P均<0.05);两组的风险调节差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.794,P>0.05)。在抑制控制方面,高负性情绪组的矛盾任务正确率和非矛盾任务正确率均小于低负性情绪组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.187、2.093,P均<0.05);两组学员的矛盾任务平均反应时和非矛盾任务平均反应时差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.222、1.288,P均>0.05)。结论虽然尚未达到情绪障碍的诊断标准,但是高负性情绪会对军医大学学员的风险决策和抑制控制产生损害。展开更多
以往研究发现在成年期以上的被试认知风格会对风险决策有影响,但对于初中生团体关于风险决策的研究较少,并且对初中生风险偏好的影响因素研究也很少。本研究目的是探究青少年的认知风格对风险决策的影响。选取12~19岁的初、高中生为被试...以往研究发现在成年期以上的被试认知风格会对风险决策有影响,但对于初中生团体关于风险决策的研究较少,并且对初中生风险偏好的影响因素研究也很少。本研究目的是探究青少年的认知风格对风险决策的影响。选取12~19岁的初、高中生为被试,通过风险偏好问卷、镶嵌图形测验和气球模拟风险决策任务。研究发现:在青少年被试中,认知风格之间不存在性别差异,但是随着年龄的增长,认知风格差异显著。在气球模拟风险决策任务中,不同认知风格被试的BART值差异不显著,不同认知风格被试的吹爆气球个数差异也不显著。研究结果阐述青少年的心理分化水平是逐渐升高,但其对于冒险行为的影响不大,这对进一步探究初中生的冒险行为机制具有一定的启示意义。Previous studies have found that the cognitive style of participants above adulthood has an impact on risk decision-making, but there are few studies on the risk decision-making of junior high school students, and there are few studies on the influencing factors of risk preference among junior high school students. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of adolescents' cognitive style on risk decision-making. Middle and high school students aged 12~19 were selected as the subjects to get the risk preference questionnaire, mosaic pattern test and balloon simulated risk decision-making task. The results showed that there was no gender difference between cognitive styles among adolescent subjects, but there were significant differences in cognitive styles with age. There was no significant difference in the BART value of participants with different cognitive styles and the number of balloons with different cognitive styles. The results show that the level of psychological differentiation of adolescents is gradually increasing, but it has little effect on risk-taking behavior, which has certain implications for further exploring the mechanism of risk-taking behavior among junior high school students.展开更多
随着我国进入老龄化社会,老年人的风险决策能力恶化越来越受到研究者的重视。认知老化是指学习能力、信息搜索能力、记忆能力、执行功能和计算能力等认知能力随着自然衰老而下降。认知老化是老年人风险决策恶化的危险因素。具体来说,认...随着我国进入老龄化社会,老年人的风险决策能力恶化越来越受到研究者的重视。认知老化是指学习能力、信息搜索能力、记忆能力、执行功能和计算能力等认知能力随着自然衰老而下降。认知老化是老年人风险决策恶化的危险因素。具体来说,认知老化使老年人更难做出理性决策,从而降低了决策的质量。未来的研究方向应重点关注整合各种认知领域,并进一步探索个体层面的领域特定规律。With the aging population in China, researchers are increasingly paying attention to the deterioration of risk decision-making abilities among older adults. Cognitive aging refers to the decline in cognitive abilities such as learning, information retrieval, memory, executive function, and calculation ability as a result of natural aging. Cognitive aging is a risk factor for the deterioration of risk decision-making among older adults. Specifically, cognitive aging makes it more difficult for older adults to make rational decisions, thereby reducing the quality of their decision-making. Future research directions should focus on integrating various cognitive domains and further exploring domain-specific regularities at the individual level.展开更多
文摘以往研究发现在成年期以上的被试认知风格会对风险决策有影响,但对于初中生团体关于风险决策的研究较少,并且对初中生风险偏好的影响因素研究也很少。本研究目的是探究青少年的认知风格对风险决策的影响。选取12~19岁的初、高中生为被试,通过风险偏好问卷、镶嵌图形测验和气球模拟风险决策任务。研究发现:在青少年被试中,认知风格之间不存在性别差异,但是随着年龄的增长,认知风格差异显著。在气球模拟风险决策任务中,不同认知风格被试的BART值差异不显著,不同认知风格被试的吹爆气球个数差异也不显著。研究结果阐述青少年的心理分化水平是逐渐升高,但其对于冒险行为的影响不大,这对进一步探究初中生的冒险行为机制具有一定的启示意义。Previous studies have found that the cognitive style of participants above adulthood has an impact on risk decision-making, but there are few studies on the risk decision-making of junior high school students, and there are few studies on the influencing factors of risk preference among junior high school students. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of adolescents' cognitive style on risk decision-making. Middle and high school students aged 12~19 were selected as the subjects to get the risk preference questionnaire, mosaic pattern test and balloon simulated risk decision-making task. The results showed that there was no gender difference between cognitive styles among adolescent subjects, but there were significant differences in cognitive styles with age. There was no significant difference in the BART value of participants with different cognitive styles and the number of balloons with different cognitive styles. The results show that the level of psychological differentiation of adolescents is gradually increasing, but it has little effect on risk-taking behavior, which has certain implications for further exploring the mechanism of risk-taking behavior among junior high school students.
文摘随着我国进入老龄化社会,老年人的风险决策能力恶化越来越受到研究者的重视。认知老化是指学习能力、信息搜索能力、记忆能力、执行功能和计算能力等认知能力随着自然衰老而下降。认知老化是老年人风险决策恶化的危险因素。具体来说,认知老化使老年人更难做出理性决策,从而降低了决策的质量。未来的研究方向应重点关注整合各种认知领域,并进一步探索个体层面的领域特定规律。With the aging population in China, researchers are increasingly paying attention to the deterioration of risk decision-making abilities among older adults. Cognitive aging refers to the decline in cognitive abilities such as learning, information retrieval, memory, executive function, and calculation ability as a result of natural aging. Cognitive aging is a risk factor for the deterioration of risk decision-making among older adults. Specifically, cognitive aging makes it more difficult for older adults to make rational decisions, thereby reducing the quality of their decision-making. Future research directions should focus on integrating various cognitive domains and further exploring domain-specific regularities at the individual level.
