在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国...在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国1973—2022年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响。结果表明,1973—2022年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在1989年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096—2100年期间4个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010—2014年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在3个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显。该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据。展开更多
为了提高对四川省成都市大邑县高温热浪灾害风险区划的评估能力,为未来的精细化灾害防控提供科学依据。本研究通过收集大邑县21个气象站点2013~2023年逐日气温观测资料、基础地理数据以及社会经济数据,构建了包括致灾因子危险性、孕灾...为了提高对四川省成都市大邑县高温热浪灾害风险区划的评估能力,为未来的精细化灾害防控提供科学依据。本研究通过收集大邑县21个气象站点2013~2023年逐日气温观测资料、基础地理数据以及社会经济数据,构建了包括致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力在内的大邑县高温热浪灾害风险评估体系。采用了层次分析法、自然断点法以及加权综合评分法等,结合ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能,对致灾因子(高温日数和年极端最高气温)、孕灾环境(地形高程和河网密度)、承灾体易损性(耕地比重、人均GDP和人口密度)以及防灾减灾能力(人均GDP、归一化植被指数和综合医院数量)进行了综合分析,得到了大邑县高温热浪灾害风险等级分布,并分析了不同地区风险程度的差异及可能机理。研究结果显示,大邑县高温热浪灾害风险在总体上呈现出自东向西逐渐降低的趋势。高风险区主要集中在晋原镇、苏家镇、三岔镇东部及其以东的县境地区,主要受到低海拔、夏季散热性差以及防灾减灾能力较弱等因素的影响。而低风险区则主要分布在县境以西的山区及北部地区,如西岭镇和雾山乡,受山丘影响以及孕灾环境较差和较强的防灾减灾能力使得高温灾害风险较低。In order to improve the assessment capability of heatwave disaster risk zoning in Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, and provide a scientific basis for future refined disaster prevention and control, this study constructed a risk assessment system for heatwave disasters in Dayi County, including hazard factors, disaster-pregnant environmental sensitivity, disaster bearing body vulnerability, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. This was achieved by collecting daily temperature observation data from 22 meteorological stations in Dayi County from 2013 to 2023, as well as basic geographic and socio-economic data. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Natural Breaks classification method, and Weighted Comprehensive Scoring method were employed, combined with the spatial overlay analysis function of ArcGIS. Comprehensive analysis was conducted on hazard factors (number of high-temperature days and annual extreme maximum temperature), disaster-pregnant environment (topographic elevation and river network density), disaster bearing body vulnerability (proportion of cultivated land, GDP per capita, and population density), and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities (GDP per capita, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and the number of general hospitals). The risk level distribution of heatwave disasters in Dayi County was obtained, and the differences in risk levels in different regions and their possible mechanisms were analyzed. The results showed that the risk of heatwave disasters in Dayi County gradually decreases from east to west. The high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Jinyuan Town, Sujia Town, Sancha Town, and the eastern part of the county, mainly affected by low altitude, poor heat dissipation in summer, and weak disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. The low-risk areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas west of the county and northern regions, such as Xiling Town and Wushan Township. Due to the influence of hills, poor disaster-pregnant environment, and strong disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, the risk of high-temperature disasters is relatively low.展开更多
通过统计分析并利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式进行多组敏感性试验研究发现,华北地区前期土壤湿度异常与夏季高温热浪的关系受到西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)强度的影响。当西太副高异常偏强时,其西侧南风携带来自热...通过统计分析并利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式进行多组敏感性试验研究发现,华北地区前期土壤湿度异常与夏季高温热浪的关系受到西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)强度的影响。当西太副高异常偏强时,其西侧南风携带来自热带海洋的大量水汽至华北地区南部并增加该区域降水,不利于前期土壤湿度干异常的维持,从而限制了前期土壤湿度异常对高温热浪的贡献。相反,当西太副高偏弱时,华北地区前期土壤湿度干异常持续能力较强,有利于局地高温热浪的发展。西太副高强度与热带中东太平洋地区海温有关。当夏季热带太平洋海温异常处于暖位相时,西太副高强度相对较弱且华北地区南部降水偏少,有利于前期较干土壤条件的维持。此类情况下前期土壤湿度异常可以作为高温热浪的预测信号。展开更多
文摘在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国1973—2022年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响。结果表明,1973—2022年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在1989年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096—2100年期间4个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010—2014年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在3个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显。该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据。
文摘为了提高对四川省成都市大邑县高温热浪灾害风险区划的评估能力,为未来的精细化灾害防控提供科学依据。本研究通过收集大邑县21个气象站点2013~2023年逐日气温观测资料、基础地理数据以及社会经济数据,构建了包括致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力在内的大邑县高温热浪灾害风险评估体系。采用了层次分析法、自然断点法以及加权综合评分法等,结合ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能,对致灾因子(高温日数和年极端最高气温)、孕灾环境(地形高程和河网密度)、承灾体易损性(耕地比重、人均GDP和人口密度)以及防灾减灾能力(人均GDP、归一化植被指数和综合医院数量)进行了综合分析,得到了大邑县高温热浪灾害风险等级分布,并分析了不同地区风险程度的差异及可能机理。研究结果显示,大邑县高温热浪灾害风险在总体上呈现出自东向西逐渐降低的趋势。高风险区主要集中在晋原镇、苏家镇、三岔镇东部及其以东的县境地区,主要受到低海拔、夏季散热性差以及防灾减灾能力较弱等因素的影响。而低风险区则主要分布在县境以西的山区及北部地区,如西岭镇和雾山乡,受山丘影响以及孕灾环境较差和较强的防灾减灾能力使得高温灾害风险较低。In order to improve the assessment capability of heatwave disaster risk zoning in Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, and provide a scientific basis for future refined disaster prevention and control, this study constructed a risk assessment system for heatwave disasters in Dayi County, including hazard factors, disaster-pregnant environmental sensitivity, disaster bearing body vulnerability, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. This was achieved by collecting daily temperature observation data from 22 meteorological stations in Dayi County from 2013 to 2023, as well as basic geographic and socio-economic data. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Natural Breaks classification method, and Weighted Comprehensive Scoring method were employed, combined with the spatial overlay analysis function of ArcGIS. Comprehensive analysis was conducted on hazard factors (number of high-temperature days and annual extreme maximum temperature), disaster-pregnant environment (topographic elevation and river network density), disaster bearing body vulnerability (proportion of cultivated land, GDP per capita, and population density), and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities (GDP per capita, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and the number of general hospitals). The risk level distribution of heatwave disasters in Dayi County was obtained, and the differences in risk levels in different regions and their possible mechanisms were analyzed. The results showed that the risk of heatwave disasters in Dayi County gradually decreases from east to west. The high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Jinyuan Town, Sujia Town, Sancha Town, and the eastern part of the county, mainly affected by low altitude, poor heat dissipation in summer, and weak disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. The low-risk areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas west of the county and northern regions, such as Xiling Town and Wushan Township. Due to the influence of hills, poor disaster-pregnant environment, and strong disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, the risk of high-temperature disasters is relatively low.
文摘通过统计分析并利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式进行多组敏感性试验研究发现,华北地区前期土壤湿度异常与夏季高温热浪的关系受到西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)强度的影响。当西太副高异常偏强时,其西侧南风携带来自热带海洋的大量水汽至华北地区南部并增加该区域降水,不利于前期土壤湿度干异常的维持,从而限制了前期土壤湿度异常对高温热浪的贡献。相反,当西太副高偏弱时,华北地区前期土壤湿度干异常持续能力较强,有利于局地高温热浪的发展。西太副高强度与热带中东太平洋地区海温有关。当夏季热带太平洋海温异常处于暖位相时,西太副高强度相对较弱且华北地区南部降水偏少,有利于前期较干土壤条件的维持。此类情况下前期土壤湿度异常可以作为高温热浪的预测信号。