Study on Strategies for Methane Injection in a DISI （Direct Injection Spark Ignition） Engine

This paper deals with the application of two different injection strategies in a natural gas direct injection spark ignition single-cylinder engine model. The analysis includes the air flow characterization during compression stroke and also the charge stratification. Two different swirl ratios are applied and piston bowl effects are analyzed during the gas jet deflection towards the spark plug. Achieving wall-guided effect, consequently, the charge stratification in spark plug region is obtained. The goal is to study the mixture formation differences for a single and a bi pulsed CNG （compressed natural gas） injection profiles and check the evolution of the methane concentration at the spark plug at the start of combustion.

Neonatal Direct Rigid Laryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy: A Near Miss

Airway management is a skill necessary for healthcare providers who manage patients. Intubation is a skill that both anesthesiologists and intensivists use daily. We present a case of a neonate that developed significant worsening stridor after a successful intubation for a hernia repair. After 4 intubation attempts, with easy visualization of the vocal cords and unsuccessful placement of the endotracheal tube, the patient was emergently brought to the operating room for evaluation.

“Flow” Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Depression Treatment in a Primary Healthcare General Practice—An Open-Label Cohort Study Measuring Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S) Outcomes

Background: Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application delivered wellbeing behaviour therapy training. tDCS has evidence of effectiveness in treating symptoms of depression. Purpose/Aim: This post marketing study evaluated the effect of Flow on depression for primary care general practice patients with depression symptoms. Methods: Open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Inclusion criteria were aged 18 years or over and reporting depression symptoms. Participants self-administered five 30 minute tDCS sessions per week for the first three weeks, and then 3 sessions per week following this. Three, six and ten week assessment with participant self-report measure: Montgomery- Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Results: MADRS-S remission rates were between 29% - 30% at three weeks, 33% - 34% at six-weeks and 50% at 10-weeks treatment. There was a significant improvement in MADRS-S with large effect sizes at all time points. Conclusions: Flow tDCS can be delivered through a primary healthcare general practice service and patients will choose to use. Flow tDCS provides an effective depression treatment in addition and as an alternative to antidepressants and psychotherapy. tDCS has evidence as an effective depression treatment, and the widespread availability of tDCS in primary care general practice should be considered.

Self-Administered “Flow” Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Depression Treatment in a Crisis Resolution & Home Treatment (CRT) Service: Functioning, and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has research evidence that it can reduce symptoms of depression. Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application that delivers wellbeing behaviour therapy training. Purpose/aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate if Flow can be introduced to a Crisis Resolution & Home Treatment (CRT) service and the impact of Flow in treating depression. The study addresses the questions: 1) “what are the depression reliable improvement and remission rates?” and 2) “can Flow significantly reduce depressive symptoms and improve real world functioning (every-day, social and occupational functioning) and health-related quality of life?”. Methods: An open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Pre-intervention and 6-week follow-up intervention assessments using the participant self-report measures: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D-5L). Participants were 49 CRT patients, 19 males and 30 females, with an age range of 20 to 66 years, and average age of 42 years. Results: PHQ-9 reliable improvement and remission rates were 57.1% and 14.3%. PHQ-9 scores significantly improved, from 23.1 (SD 3.44) to 14.8 (SD 6.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. PHQ-9 suicide/self-harm related question significantly improved from 2.51 (SD 0.77) to 1.08 (SD 1.17), with a large effect size. WSAS scores significantly improved, from 33.6 (SD 5.22) to 21.9 (SD 10.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. EQ-5D-5L results showed significant improvements in the health index score, global assessment of health EQ-VAS from 34.2 (22.26) to 51.6 (24.95), and three EQ-5D-5L dimensions (“self-care”, “usual activity”, and “anxiety/depression”). Conclusion: A CRT service effectively integrated Flow tDCS treatment. Flow was beneficial in terms of improving functioning and quality of life and reducing depression symptoms and thoughts of suicide/self-harm. Flow FL100 tDCS and wellbeing behaviour therapy training could be offered through all CRT services to treat depression, reduce thoughts of suicide/self-harm, enable better functioning, and improve quality of life.

Unraveling the Impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis-Linked Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrosis, Child Score, and Disease Progression

The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological response in only 45% of cases with significant side effects. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has changed the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. DAAs have ensured a sustained viral response in the majority of patients. Our work aims to see the evolution of hepatitis C patients at the cirrhosis stage under DAA. We conducted a retrospective study over 15 years (January 2009, January 2024) including all patients with post-viral cirrhosis C, whom we divided into two groups: group A, cirrhotic patients who received ribavirin and interferon, and group B, patients on DAA. From January 2009 to January 2024, we conducted a study of 182 patients with viral hepatitis C, including 102 cirrhotic patients. The mean age was 55 years. 66% of patients were initially treated with the ribavirin interferon combination, while 34% received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Since the introduction of DAAs, the most commonly used regimens have been sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with or without ribavirin. Group A achieved sustained virological response (SVR) in 60% of cases, with notable side effects. In Group B, SVR was 98.18%, with improved tolerability and fewer side effects than previous treatments. Fifteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a significantly lower mortality rate in those treated with DAAs compared with pegylated dual therapy (p: 0.001).

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Introduction: In the last thirty years, brain neuromodulation techniques have been used as an alternative to pharmacological treatment of neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder leading to bradykinesia, rest tremor, postural changes, and non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, pain, and cognitive decline that compromises executive functions (EFs), responsible for the orderly execution of behaviors and tasks of daily life and intentional and directed actions. To this date, a few studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown beneficial effects in PD patients concerning specific motor and non-motor symptoms, targeting the motor cortex and/or prefrontal regions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of left prefrontal tDCS across a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD using established validated scales. Method: Single-blind randomized clinical trial with 18 volunteers with PD, aged between 45 and 80 years (66.1 ± 9.65), who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were submitted to assessments of motor and non-motor functions employing psychometric scales and tests to evaluate EFs and were randomly divided into two groups: control (sham stimulation) and experimental (active stimulation). All participants were involved in three separate tDCS sessions. The anode was positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the right supraorbital region, with a direct current intensity of 2 mA, lasting 20 minutes. At the end of the three sessions, all participants were reassessed. Results: Significant effects of tDCS on non-motor functions were observed for cognition (verbal fluency of actions, clock copy test, appointment by visual confrontation, and verbal memory with immediate free recall) and subjective assessment of sleep quality (overall restlessness and discomfort in the arms and legs at night, leg and arm cramps at night and distressing dreams). There was also an improvement in the rate of errors and successes for congruent and incongruent stimuli of the Stroop Test. The beneficial effects on motor function were decreased rigidity, improved gait, and greater agility in the finger-tapping test. Conclusion: Three tDCS sessions showed positive results for participants with PD, producing significant improvements in various motor and non-motor functions, including sleep quality, cognition, and EFs. Additionally, the present results indicate that tDCS neuromodulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region is feasible, safe, and provides significant objective benefits for PD patients.

Positive Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Visual Verbal Working Memory in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Working memory is an executive function that plays an important role in many aspects of daily life, and its impairment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects quality of life. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been a good target site for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) due to its intense involvement in working memory. In our 2018 study, tDCS improved visual-verbal working memory in healthy subjects. Objective: This study examines the effects of tDCS on ADHD patients, particularly on verbal working memory. Methods: We conducted an experiment involving verbal working memory of two modalities, visual and auditory, and a sustained attention task that could affect working memory in 9 ADHD patients. Active or sham tDCS was applied to the left DLPFC in a single-blind crossover design. Results: tDCS significantly improved the accuracy of visual-verbal working memory. In contrast, tDCS did not affect auditory-verbal working memory and sustained attention. Conclusion: tDCS to the left DLPFC improved visual-verbal working memory in ADHD patients, with important implications for potential ADHD treatments.

Influence of Scanning Patterns on Mechanical Behavior and Distortion in Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) marks a critical advance in intelligent manufacturing, enabling efficient near-net shape production of metal parts. This method is especially beneficial for aerospace and defense applications that require high precision. However, issues such as deformation and heat accumulation during production still affect the quality of the final products, necessitating further optimization of process parameters. This paper studies the effects of three deposition strategies on 316L stainless steel parts using LDED. The three strategies based on unidirectional scanning (US), zigzag scanning (ZS), and square spiral scanning (SS) are investigated by solid samples and samples with a central hole. The surface smoothness, defects, and mechanical properties of 316L samples manufactured with the above strategies are discussed by means of surface topography tests and metallographic characterization. Experimental results indicate that the zigzag scanning strategy yielded better results for solid components, and the square spiral scanning strategy is suitable for samples with a central hole.

弹目交会条件下爆炸驱动结构体的展开过程研究

复杂结构在爆炸驱动作用下的展开是展开型定向战斗部定向过程中的关键问题,对展开过程进行有效控制,有利于战斗部的起爆延时控制和破片利用率提高。针对复杂结构体的展开问题,基于JWL状态方程和第二类拉格朗日方程,从能量守恒出发推导了考虑爆轰产物膨胀过程和对目标命中状态的爆炸驱动展开模型。将驱动展开模型计算结果与文献实验结果进行对比,验证了爆炸驱动展开模型计算结果的准确性。结果表明,基于该模型的理论计算结果与实验结果的一致性较好,能较为精确地预测不同装药量下结构的展开时间;将辅助装药1与辅助装药2的质量比控制在1.5~1.7,结构体展开可达最佳命中姿态,更有利于命中目标。研究成果可充实定向战斗部设计理论,为展开型定向战斗部的设计提供参考。

Unleashing the Potential of Unidirectional Mechanical Materials: Breakthroughs and Promising Applications

The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.

考虑盐度影响的粉煤灰固化软土直剪试验

采用粉煤灰作为固化剂,制备了多组粉煤灰固化软土试样,其孔隙水中盐度分别为0%、2%、4%和6%,养护龄期分别为3 h、7 d和28 d.通过开展室内直剪试验,探讨盐度对粉煤灰固化软土强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:竖向固结压力为50 kPa时,粉煤灰固化软土的剪应力与剪切位移关系曲线呈现软化型,而在竖向固结压力为200 kPa时曲线呈现硬化型;高盐度试样具有较低的峰值剪应力和残余强度,表明高盐度对粉煤灰固化软土强度特性具有不利的影响;随着盐度增加,各养护龄期下软土试样的抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角的曲线均呈现近似线性下降的趋势,主要原因在于盐度的增加抑制了粉煤灰中活性成分的水化反应.

淮南矿区高位定向长钻孔大直径筛管瓦斯抽采技术

为解决高位定向长钻孔在治理采空区瓦斯中,瓦斯抽采通道易堵塞影响瓦斯抽采效果的问题,提出了高位定向长钻孔内全孔段下筛管技术,通过对高位定向长钻孔全孔段下不同直径筛管技术研究,在潘三矿开展现场试验,试验结果表明,全孔段下φ73 mm大直径筛管能够有效提高高位定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采效果,不仅提高了钻孔瓦斯抽采稳定性和有效抽采孔段比例,而且钻孔平均瓦斯抽采浓度由19%提高至45%,形成了适用于淮南矿区顶板高位定向长钻孔大直径筛管治理采动卸压瓦斯技术,显著提高淮南矿区采动卸压瓦斯治理效果。

基于Directionlets变换的偏振图像融合

论文提出一种有效的基于Directionlets变换的偏振图像融合算法。首先采用多方向多尺度的Directionlets变换对多个偏振图像进行分解,对于分解后的低频系数采用加权平均融合算法;根据高频子图边缘分布差异,对于方向高频系数采用2维Teager能量的边缘检测算法以及区域方向对比度算法实现偏振图像的融合处理。实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,提出的算法在保留原始图像边缘和纹理信息的同时,可以有效地取得较好的融合视觉效果。

从“快传”(RapidILL)和“立借”(Borrow Direct)看馆际互借与文献传递服务体系的发展

"快传"(RapidILL)与"立借"(Borrow Direct)分别代表文献传递与馆际互借的最佳实践,两者的共性主要体现在高度自动化和全面的质量控制,其核心是节约用户时间、增强用户粘性。我国馆际互借与文献传递服务体系今后的发展方向也主要体现在时间维度上,具体落实在节约用户时间、优化用户时间和提高用户的等待价值这三个方面。

基于Geomagic Design Direct的残缺数据实体重构

面向实物的逆向工程技术是近几年来研究和发展的热点,已广泛应用于产品设计、文物保护和零件修复等领域。报告了对模型的残缺表面数据进行曲面和实体重构的研究现状,以及结合正向和逆向建模软件进行实体模型重构的局限性。介绍了应用软件Geomagic Design Direct进行实体模型重构的优势以及对残缺表面数据实体模型重构的一般流程。提出了基于软件Geomagic Design Direct的特征识别与提取功能,对残缺表面数据进行实体重构的解决方案,并以某一零部件的残缺表面数据为例进行实体重构验证了该方案的可行性和便利性。

植物激素对棉花蕾铃脱落的调控研究进展

棉花蕾铃脱落是一个普遍存在的现象,有对逆境环境胁迫的主动适应性脱落,也有因品种遗传特性、环境条件、栽培措施以及生物和非生物胁迫被动的受损脱落。蕾铃脱落直接影响着棉花的产量,国内外现有公开报道多集中于20世纪50、60年代关于乙烯和脱落酸对棉花蕾铃脱落影响的初步发现。结合其他植物的研究结果来看,蕾铃脱落似乎与生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素等促生长类激素的下降以及乙烯和脱落酸等抑制生长类激素的升高密切相关,激素在植物体内不仅介导新陈代谢过程,还协调着与信号通路相关的调控因子,在脱落过程中起着关键作用。本文从植物激素调控入手,综述了近年来包括脱落区形成和作用的分子调控机制以及各激素在棉花蕾铃脱落以及其他植物(生殖)器官脱落过程中的响应和调控机制等。发现目前以棉花蕾铃脱落为对象的研究非常匮乏,且多集中于少数激素对棉花生殖生长影响的有限研究,缺乏对导致蕾铃脱落的深层次机制的探究和解析。因此,未来研究方向应着重于探究棉花蕾铃脱落的遗传基础、发掘新的抗脱落基因资源和培育抗脱落棉花品种,同时加强在以棉花为模型植物下,蕾铃脱落与植物激素调节的关系研究,为提高棉花产量提供理论依据和技术支持。

恒刚度边界下加锚节理岩体剪切行为宏细观研究

为探究深部地下工程中加锚节理岩体的剪切特性,本文开展了恒刚度边界条件下加锚节理岩体的直剪试验,探究了不同节理面粗糙度、法向刚度和初始法向应力对加锚节理岩体剪切力学特性的影响,并结合PFC数值模拟,分析了不同锚杆弹性模量影响下锚固体系的宏观力学特性和细观裂纹变化特征.结果表明:节理面粗糙度对剪切强度影响显著,粗糙度越大,剪切强度越高;锚杆可提高试样的整体抗剪强度,但法向刚度和初始法向应力对锚杆的锚固效果有不同的影响,存在最优范围;试件内部裂纹以张拉裂纹为主,随着锚杆弹性模量的增加,锚固体的峰值剪切强度和内部裂纹数量都呈现增加趋势,但增加速率在变小;锚杆内部剪切应力曲线和轴向应力曲线变化相似,与锚杆弹性模量有明显关系,弹性模量越大,应力增长越剧烈,达到屈服强度后增加变得十分缓慢.

基于Geomagic Design Direct的截面特征提取与逆向建模

当前逆向工程已成为一种消化、吸收先进技术,实现产品的创新设计和快速开发的重要技术手段。随着各种特征技术的不断发展和引进,基于特征的逆向建模方法逐渐成为逆向工程新的发展方向。根据已有的建模方法,提出一种在二维草图模式下截面特征轮廓线提取与参数化设计的逆向建模新思路。并以Geomagic Design Direct软件为平台,实现了二维草图模式下特征轮廓线的提取与参数化再设计的逆向建模方法,为产品的快速建模和创新设计提供了一种新的途径。

多炮孔岩体等离子体爆破定向致裂机理研究

为了研究等离子爆破技术结合切缝管和预切槽技术的定向致裂效果,开展等离子体电脉冲定向致裂试验,探究不同切缝管切缝形状和不同预切槽间距下等离子体爆破定向致裂机理和定向断裂效果,对比分析不同定向形式作用下等离子体爆破岩石定向断裂贯通效果.结果表明,与正楔形切缝管和平切形切缝管相比,切缝管岩石试件中倒楔形结构中产生的应力峰值最大,聚能效果最显著,其定向贯通岩石效果更显著.预切槽岩石的电爆聚能致裂效果随着钻孔切槽间距的增加而减小.切槽间距为40 mm时,预切槽岩石试件等离子体电脉冲的聚能效果优异,产生定向裂纹的效果明显优于切槽间距为50 mm和60 mm的预切槽岩石试件.同时,预切槽定向形式的等离子体爆破定向致裂效果相对于切缝管定向致裂效果更为显著.

基于DIRECT算法的混合动力汽车参数优化研究

研究混合动力汽车参数优化的方法。建立了以油耗最小为目标,以动力性设计指标为约束,以发动机功率、电机功率、电池容量、电池总线电压为变量的混合动力汽车部件参数优化模型,并应用分割矩形(DIRECT)算法,对此模型进行求解,找到了油耗最小的部件参数,进行了仿真验证。结果表明,在EPA城市循环工况(UDDS)和高速公路循环工况(HWFET)下,经过该方法优化后的混合动力汽车百公里油耗分别降低9.3%和14%。