Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates.However,the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals...Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates.However,the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals are poorly investigated.Here we determined the concentration and microscopic distribution of the two elements in the bones of penguin and skua.The average concentrations of sodium and potassium in penguin bone were comparable with that in skua bone（0.18% and 0.82% for penguin bone;0.19% and 0.76% for skua bone in dry weight）.The ratios of sodium to calcium and potassium to calcium（0.0330 and 0.0075 for penguin,0.0335 and 0.0082 for skua in average by weight） were somewhat higher than the reported ratios for terrestrial animals,indicating these marine animals＇ bone enrichment of salt.The ratios of sodium to potassium in average by weight were 6.75 and 4.65 for penguin and skua,respectively.This value is much lower compared with the bulk sea water ratio of about 27.0,implying that potassium is favorable to reside in the bone rather than sodium.Both sodium and potassium were found to significant correlation with the content of organic materials in bone based upon the intensity of native signal determined by electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR）.It was estimated that almost all of potassium is kept within the organic phases,while about 30% of sodium is stored in organic phases and the other 70% within mineral phase.The microscopic distributions of potassium in the cross-section and/or surface were revealed by synchrotron radiation Xray fluorescence（SR-XRF） technique.The ratio of potassium to calcium based upon the SR-XRF intensity counter varied considerably from the surface to the interior,and on the surface the highest concentration of potassium was observed in the middle section with decreasing amounts toward the edge.This indirectly documented that exchange of potassium between fluid and bone organic phase maybe occur.展开更多
Mercury （Hg） was investigated in bone tissues of skua （ Catharacta maccormick） and penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） collected in the maritime Antarctic using atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） and synchrotron ...Mercury （Hg） was investigated in bone tissues of skua （ Catharacta maccormick） and penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） collected in the maritime Antarctic using atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） method. The total levels of mercury in bone tissues of penguin and skua are much lower than those in other organs （e. g. , kidney, liver）. The toxic effects of mercury in bone tissues of seabirds in polar region are not known. We have used SR- XRF method to map the distribution of trace levels of mercury in bones. The levels of mercury are found to be enriched somewhere near the periosteal surface and/or endosteal surface. The distribution of mercury shows strongly correlation with that of some essential elements and probably poses negative effect on the bone metabolism inferring from the relationship of mercury with the other elements. These studies represent a first step toward understanding the toxic effects of mercury on bone of polar animals by suggesting the possible microscopic investigation.展开更多
Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrati...Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone. The preliminary results show that ： （ 1 ） there is the bone site-related difference for Ca and P concentrations. The mean values for the investigated parameters （ on a dry-weight basis） are： 30.7% （Ca） and 14.9% （P） for the femoral cortical bone, 21.4% （Ca） and 11.5% （P） for wing cortical bone. （2） The variation for the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone is lower than those for Ca and P separately. This is in agreement with the previous report that the specificity of the Ca/P ratio is better than that of Ca and P concentrations and is more reliable for the diagnosis of bone disorders. The authors suggest that further studies be conducted to establish norreal values of Ca, P and Ca/P ratio for polar animals and provide a basis for the diagnosis of bone disorders.展开更多
The HAP nanoparticles were synthesized with a chemical co-precipitation method. It was monodispersed in needle shape, Its average diameter was 30 nm and length was 70 nm. Human liver cancer cells and normal hepatic ce...The HAP nanoparticles were synthesized with a chemical co-precipitation method. It was monodispersed in needle shape, Its average diameter was 30 nm and length was 70 nm. Human liver cancer cells and normal hepatic cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanopartides. SR-XRF analysis was used to detect the content variation of calcium and phosphor elements in cancer cells when the cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. It was introduced to reveal the anti-cancer mechanism of HAP nanoparticles. Experiments verified that the contents of calcium and phosphor elements in hepatocelltdar carcinoma had been obviously increased after the cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. And the contents increased with hydroxyapatite concentration and treatment time increasing. The Ca/P molar ratio in treated cell was different from both that in hydroxyapatite and that in untreated cancer cell. Apatite nanoparticles evidently altered the calcium and phosphor environmeats in treated hepatocellalar carcinoma cells. That finally halted the proliferation of carcinoma cells.展开更多
基金supported by grants fromthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(project nos.40776001 and 40306001)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(grant200354)+2 种基金the Ministry of Education of China,and the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic AdministrationSRXRF experiment is supported by BSRF
文摘Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates.However,the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals are poorly investigated.Here we determined the concentration and microscopic distribution of the two elements in the bones of penguin and skua.The average concentrations of sodium and potassium in penguin bone were comparable with that in skua bone（0.18% and 0.82% for penguin bone;0.19% and 0.76% for skua bone in dry weight）.The ratios of sodium to calcium and potassium to calcium（0.0330 and 0.0075 for penguin,0.0335 and 0.0082 for skua in average by weight） were somewhat higher than the reported ratios for terrestrial animals,indicating these marine animals＇ bone enrichment of salt.The ratios of sodium to potassium in average by weight were 6.75 and 4.65 for penguin and skua,respectively.This value is much lower compared with the bulk sea water ratio of about 27.0,implying that potassium is favorable to reside in the bone rather than sodium.Both sodium and potassium were found to significant correlation with the content of organic materials in bone based upon the intensity of native signal determined by electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR）.It was estimated that almost all of potassium is kept within the organic phases,while about 30% of sodium is stored in organic phases and the other 70% within mineral phase.The microscopic distributions of potassium in the cross-section and/or surface were revealed by synchrotron radiation Xray fluorescence（SR-XRF） technique.The ratio of potassium to calcium based upon the SR-XRF intensity counter varied considerably from the surface to the interior,and on the surface the highest concentration of potassium was observed in the middle section with decreasing amounts toward the edge.This indirectly documented that exchange of potassium between fluid and bone organic phase maybe occur.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.40306001)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.200354)from Ministry of Education of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金support by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.40231002)BSRF project(Project No.SR-03097).
文摘Mercury （Hg） was investigated in bone tissues of skua （ Catharacta maccormick） and penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） collected in the maritime Antarctic using atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） method. The total levels of mercury in bone tissues of penguin and skua are much lower than those in other organs （e. g. , kidney, liver）. The toxic effects of mercury in bone tissues of seabirds in polar region are not known. We have used SR- XRF method to map the distribution of trace levels of mercury in bones. The levels of mercury are found to be enriched somewhere near the periosteal surface and/or endosteal surface. The distribution of mercury shows strongly correlation with that of some essential elements and probably poses negative effect on the bone metabolism inferring from the relationship of mercury with the other elements. These studies represent a first step toward understanding the toxic effects of mercury on bone of polar animals by suggesting the possible microscopic investigation.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.40306001) the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of P.R.China(Grant No.200354)from Ministry of Education of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences.It was partially support by BSRF(Project No.SR-03097).
文摘Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone. The preliminary results show that ： （ 1 ） there is the bone site-related difference for Ca and P concentrations. The mean values for the investigated parameters （ on a dry-weight basis） are： 30.7% （Ca） and 14.9% （P） for the femoral cortical bone, 21.4% （Ca） and 11.5% （P） for wing cortical bone. （2） The variation for the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone is lower than those for Ca and P separately. This is in agreement with the previous report that the specificity of the Ca/P ratio is better than that of Ca and P concentrations and is more reliable for the diagnosis of bone disorders. The authors suggest that further studies be conducted to establish norreal values of Ca, P and Ca/P ratio for polar animals and provide a basis for the diagnosis of bone disorders.
文摘The HAP nanoparticles were synthesized with a chemical co-precipitation method. It was monodispersed in needle shape, Its average diameter was 30 nm and length was 70 nm. Human liver cancer cells and normal hepatic cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanopartides. SR-XRF analysis was used to detect the content variation of calcium and phosphor elements in cancer cells when the cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. It was introduced to reveal the anti-cancer mechanism of HAP nanoparticles. Experiments verified that the contents of calcium and phosphor elements in hepatocelltdar carcinoma had been obviously increased after the cells were treated by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. And the contents increased with hydroxyapatite concentration and treatment time increasing. The Ca/P molar ratio in treated cell was different from both that in hydroxyapatite and that in untreated cancer cell. Apatite nanoparticles evidently altered the calcium and phosphor environmeats in treated hepatocellalar carcinoma cells. That finally halted the proliferation of carcinoma cells.
