In this paper, characteristics of precipitating clouds in a thermal convective system （TCS） occurred in the southeastern mainland of China at 15：00 BT （Beijing time） on August 2, 2003 in the central western subtr...In this paper, characteristics of precipitating clouds in a thermal convective system （TCS） occurred in the southeastern mainland of China at 15：00 BT （Beijing time） on August 2, 2003 in the central western subtropical Pacific anticyclone （WSPA） is studied by using TRMM tropical rainfallmeasuring mission PR （precipitution radar） and IR Infrared radiation measurements. The precipitating cloud structures in both horizontal and vertical, relationship among storm top, cloud top, and surface rain rate are particularly analyzed. Results show that a strong ascending air at 500 hPa and a strong convergence of moisture flux at 850 hPa in the central WSPA supply necessary conditions both in dynamics and moisture for the happening of the TCS precipitation. The TRMM PR observation shows that the horizontal scale of the most TCS precipitating clouds is about 30-40 kin, their averaged vertical scale is above 10 kin, and the maximum reaches 17.5 kin. The maximum rain rate near surface of those TCS clouds is beyond 50 mm h^-1. The mean rain profile of the TCS clouds shows that its maximum rain rate at 5 km altitude is i km lower than the estimated freezing level of the environment. Compared with the mesoscale convective system （MCS） of ＂98.7.20＂, both systems have the same altitude of the maximum rain rate displayed from both mean rain profiles, but the TCS is much deeper than the MCS. From the altitude of the maximum rain rate to near surface, profiles show that rain rate reducing in the TCS is faster than that in the MCS, which implies a strong droplet evaporation process occurring in the TCS. Relationship among cloud top, storm top, and surface rain rate analysis indicates a large variation of cloud top when storm top is lower. On the contrary, the higher the storm top, the more consistent both cloud top and storm top. And, the larger the surface rain rate, the higher and more consistent for both cloud top and storm top. At the end, results expose that area fractions of non-precipitating clouds and clear sky are 86% and 2%, respectively. The area fraction of precipitating clouds is only about 1/8 that of non-precipitating clouds.展开更多
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease （GTD）. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 56 patients with GTD who under- went treatment in Ruijin hospital from...Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease （GTD）. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 56 patients with GTD who under- went treatment in Ruijin hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Their infor- mation of diagnosis, treatments, follow-up and efficacy were collected and analyzed Results Misdiagnosis rate was 41.1% （23/56）for the first time. Of 56 patients, 31 had direct curettage, 19 had curettage after trichosanthis （TCS） treatment, 3 had curettage after intervention treatment and 3 did not have curettage. Twenty patients with gesta- tional trophoblastic neoplasia （GTN） took fluorouracil＋vincristine＋dactinomycin （VCR ＋KSM＋5-FU） chemotherapy, but 2 of them changed to etoposide＋methotrexate＋acti- nomycetes streptozotocin-D＋cyclophosphamide＋vincristine （EMA-CO） chemo- therapy due to drug resistance. Three patients＂ with GTN took EMA-CO chemotherapy. Two patients with placental site trophoblastic tumor （PSTT） required surgeries, one took hysterectomy, another got mass and adnexectomy. Apart from 1 case who gave up treatment and was dead, all the other women went into remission from their diseases. Conclusion The diagnosis of trophoblastic disease rely on a comprehensive analysis. A reasonable choice of TCS or intervention can be effective and safe in treating GTD. Most patients with GTN could get complete remission by selecting the appropriate chemotherapy and surgery.展开更多
基金Supported by grants of NKBRDPC (No. 2004CB418304) NSFC (Nos. 40175015 and 40375018)NSFC grant of the Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Young Scholars (No. 40428006)EORC/JAXA (No. 206)
文摘In this paper, characteristics of precipitating clouds in a thermal convective system （TCS） occurred in the southeastern mainland of China at 15：00 BT （Beijing time） on August 2, 2003 in the central western subtropical Pacific anticyclone （WSPA） is studied by using TRMM tropical rainfallmeasuring mission PR （precipitution radar） and IR Infrared radiation measurements. The precipitating cloud structures in both horizontal and vertical, relationship among storm top, cloud top, and surface rain rate are particularly analyzed. Results show that a strong ascending air at 500 hPa and a strong convergence of moisture flux at 850 hPa in the central WSPA supply necessary conditions both in dynamics and moisture for the happening of the TCS precipitation. The TRMM PR observation shows that the horizontal scale of the most TCS precipitating clouds is about 30-40 kin, their averaged vertical scale is above 10 kin, and the maximum reaches 17.5 kin. The maximum rain rate near surface of those TCS clouds is beyond 50 mm h^-1. The mean rain profile of the TCS clouds shows that its maximum rain rate at 5 km altitude is i km lower than the estimated freezing level of the environment. Compared with the mesoscale convective system （MCS） of ＂98.7.20＂, both systems have the same altitude of the maximum rain rate displayed from both mean rain profiles, but the TCS is much deeper than the MCS. From the altitude of the maximum rain rate to near surface, profiles show that rain rate reducing in the TCS is faster than that in the MCS, which implies a strong droplet evaporation process occurring in the TCS. Relationship among cloud top, storm top, and surface rain rate analysis indicates a large variation of cloud top when storm top is lower. On the contrary, the higher the storm top, the more consistent both cloud top and storm top. And, the larger the surface rain rate, the higher and more consistent for both cloud top and storm top. At the end, results expose that area fractions of non-precipitating clouds and clear sky are 86% and 2%, respectively. The area fraction of precipitating clouds is only about 1/8 that of non-precipitating clouds.
文摘Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease （GTD）. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 56 patients with GTD who under- went treatment in Ruijin hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Their infor- mation of diagnosis, treatments, follow-up and efficacy were collected and analyzed Results Misdiagnosis rate was 41.1% （23/56）for the first time. Of 56 patients, 31 had direct curettage, 19 had curettage after trichosanthis （TCS） treatment, 3 had curettage after intervention treatment and 3 did not have curettage. Twenty patients with gesta- tional trophoblastic neoplasia （GTN） took fluorouracil＋vincristine＋dactinomycin （VCR ＋KSM＋5-FU） chemotherapy, but 2 of them changed to etoposide＋methotrexate＋acti- nomycetes streptozotocin-D＋cyclophosphamide＋vincristine （EMA-CO） chemo- therapy due to drug resistance. Three patients＂ with GTN took EMA-CO chemotherapy. Two patients with placental site trophoblastic tumor （PSTT） required surgeries, one took hysterectomy, another got mass and adnexectomy. Apart from 1 case who gave up treatment and was dead, all the other women went into remission from their diseases. Conclusion The diagnosis of trophoblastic disease rely on a comprehensive analysis. A reasonable choice of TCS or intervention can be effective and safe in treating GTD. Most patients with GTN could get complete remission by selecting the appropriate chemotherapy and surgery.
