The random copolymer poly （1, 3-pentadiene-co-styrene） formed through cationic copolymerization using the ~ethylamine hydrochloride and hydrous aluminium chloride （Et3NHCl-AlCl3） room temperature ionic liquid as i...The random copolymer poly （1, 3-pentadiene-co-styrene） formed through cationic copolymerization using the ~ethylamine hydrochloride and hydrous aluminium chloride （Et3NHCl-AlCl3） room temperature ionic liquid as initiating agent in toluene was analyzed using IR spectra in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The room temperature ionic liquid was found to have high initiatic activity for copolymerization.展开更多
The cationic polymerizations of 1, 3-pentadiene were initiated by AlCl_3 in n-hexaneat 30℃ in the presence of alkyl halides, i.e., tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl bromide andisobutyl chloride. The effects of these ha...The cationic polymerizations of 1, 3-pentadiene were initiated by AlCl_3 in n-hexaneat 30℃ in the presence of alkyl halides, i.e., tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl bromide andisobutyl chloride. The effects of these halides on the polymer yield, molecular weight,crosslinking reaction, cyclization and polymer microstructure, have been investigated. Twomain side reactions, crosslinking and cyclization, were suppressed and reduced by theaddition of the halides. The proportion of 1, 4 units of polymer chains was increasedby the presence of the halides, which reduced the polymer yield and the molecular weightof polymers.展开更多
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life ...Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.展开更多
Several cyclopropanation catalysts for the synthesis of 3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates have been studied in this paper. Owing to electron deficiency of 1,1-dichloro-4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, ...Several cyclopropanation catalysts for the synthesis of 3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates have been studied in this paper. Owing to electron deficiency of 1,1-dichloro-4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, yield of this reaction is rather law compared with that of 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-pentadiene, Of all catalysts concerned. yield ranged from 25.1% to 47.2%.展开更多
文摘The random copolymer poly （1, 3-pentadiene-co-styrene） formed through cationic copolymerization using the ~ethylamine hydrochloride and hydrous aluminium chloride （Et3NHCl-AlCl3） room temperature ionic liquid as initiating agent in toluene was analyzed using IR spectra in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The room temperature ionic liquid was found to have high initiatic activity for copolymerization.
文摘The cationic polymerizations of 1, 3-pentadiene were initiated by AlCl_3 in n-hexaneat 30℃ in the presence of alkyl halides, i.e., tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl bromide andisobutyl chloride. The effects of these halides on the polymer yield, molecular weight,crosslinking reaction, cyclization and polymer microstructure, have been investigated. Twomain side reactions, crosslinking and cyclization, were suppressed and reduced by theaddition of the halides. The proportion of 1, 4 units of polymer chains was increasedby the presence of the halides, which reduced the polymer yield and the molecular weightof polymers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81730033,82171193(to XG)the Key Talent Project for Strengthening Health during the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan Period,No.ZDRCA2016069(to XG)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2018YFC2001901(to XG)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline,No.ZDXK202232(to XG)。
文摘Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
文摘Several cyclopropanation catalysts for the synthesis of 3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates have been studied in this paper. Owing to electron deficiency of 1,1-dichloro-4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, yield of this reaction is rather law compared with that of 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-pentadiene, Of all catalysts concerned. yield ranged from 25.1% to 47.2%.
