Current status and prospects of research on 1,4-dioxane pollution and treatment technologies in the water environment

1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2(probable) human carcinogen. After reviewing recent researches on the pollution status,transport and transformation characteristics of 1,4-dioxane in the water environment, as well as the environmental pollution remediation and treatment technologies, and the status of environmental regulation,this paper addresses that the distribution of 1,4-dioxane in water bodies is significantly correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene(TCE).It is noteworthy that 1,4-dioxane often occurs in symbiosis with 1,1,1-TCA and has a similarity contamination plume distribution to 1,1,1-TCA. The natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater environment is weak, but there is a certain degree of biological oxidation attenuation. Current methods for treating 1,4-dioxane pollution mainly include extraction-treatment technology, advanced oxidation treatment technology, modified biological treatment technology and phytoremediation technology, all of which have their limitations in practical application. Currently, there is no environmental regulation available for the 1,4-dioxane pollution worldwide, and no enforceable standard established for defining the health trigger levels of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. Research on this contaminant in China is generally limited to the site or laboratory scale, and there are no studies on the environmental risk and quality standards for 1,4-dioxane in the water environment.

Complete oxidation of 1,4-dioxane over zeolite-13X-supported Fe catalysts in the presence of air

Zeolite-13X-supported Fe（Fe/zeolite-13X） catalysts with various Fe contents were prepared by the wet impregnation method.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to estimate the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas and Barrett-Joyner-Hanlenda pore size distributions.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,temperature-programmed reduction,and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 were used to investigate the textural properties of the Fe/zeolite-13 X catalysts.Their catalytic activities were determined for the complete oxidation of1,4-dioxane using air as the oxidant in a fixed-bed flow reactor in the temperature range 100-400℃.The influences of various process parameters,such as reaction temperature,metal loading,and gas hourly space velocity（GHSV）,on the dioxane removal efficiency by catalytic oxidation were investigated.The stability of the catalyst was tested at 400℃ by performing time-on-stream analysis for 50 h.The Fe/zeolite-13 X catalyst with 6 wt%Fe exhibited the best catalytic activity among the Fe/zeolite-13 X catalysts at 400℃ and a GHSV of 24000 h^（-1）,with 97%dioxane conversion and95%selectivity for the formation of carbon oxides（CO and CO2）.Trace amounts（ 3%） of acetaldehyde,ethylene glycol monoformate,ethylene glycol diformate,1,4-dioxane-2-ol,1,4-dioxane-2-one,and 2-methoxy-1,3-dioxalane were also formed as degradation products.A plausible degradation mechanism is proposed based on the products identified by GC-MS analysis.

Dissociative Photoionization of 1,4-Dioxane with Tunable VUV Synchrotron Radiation

The photoionization and photodissociation of 1,4-dioxane have been investigated with a reflectron time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry and a tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation in the energy region of 8.0-15.5 eV. Parent ion and fragment ions at m/z 88, 87, 58, 57, 45, 44, 43, 41, 31, 30, 29, 28 and 15 are detected under supersonic conditions. The ionization energy of DX as well as the appearance energies of its fragment ions C4H7O2^＋, C3H6O^＋, C3H5O^＋, C2H5O^＋, C2H4O^＋, C2H3O^＋, C3H5^＋, CH3O^＋, C2H6^＋, C2H5^＋/CHO^＋, C2H4^＋ and CH3^＋ was determined from their photoionization efficiency curves. The optimized structures for the neutrals, cations, transition states and intermediates related to photodissociation of DX are characterized at the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） level and their energies are obtained by G3B3 method. Possible dissociative channels of the DX are proposed based on comparison of experimental AE values and theoretical predicted ones. Intramolecular hydrogen migrations are found to be the dominant processes in most of the fragmentation pathways of 1,4-dioxane.

Improvement of Lithium Interface Stability with 1,4-dioxane Pretreatment

1,4-dioxane （DOA） was originally used to pretreat the lithium metal electrode in order to improve its interface stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra （EIS） measurements reveal that with DOA pretreatment, lithium electrode has a low and stable interfacial resistance during the storage in electrolyte for a long time. And it is also found that the pretreated lithium electrode has an improved interfacial performance in repeated charge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, it is proved by SEM that the pretreated one has smooth morphology after long-time storage or repeated charge/discharge cycles. Consequentially, because of more stable interface characteristics of lithium electrode, the rechargeable lithium cell with DOA pretreated lithium anode has an obviously enhanced discharging performance and a better cycleability, compared with that of the cell using the untreated lithium anode.

Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane Using Ozone Oxidation with UV Irradiation （Ozone/UV） Treatment

A method for oxidative degradation of 1,4-dioxane （1,4-D） in waste water using a combination of ozone oxidation with UV irradiation （ozone/UV） treatment was investigated. The results showed that 1,4-D was degraded by ozone/UV treatment up to 90 min. The optimum concentration for the injected ozone gas was about 40 g·m^3 under a constant level of UV irradiation. Furthermore, solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis showed no specific or reproducible peaks due to by-products of 1,4-D. It was therefore concluded that 1,4-D was completely degraded by ozone/UV treatment. In contrast, the amount of 1,4-D remaining decreased slowly in the presence of HCOf or CI. It was suggested that the degradation of 1,4-D, which results from .OH oxidation, was retarded by the presence of HCO3 or CI, which act as radical scavengers.

COPOLYMERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF MONOMER REACTIVITY RATIOS OF DL-LACTIDE WITH 3-BENZYLOXYMETHYL-1,4-DIOXANE-2,5-DIONE

The copolymerization of DL-LA and 3-BMG was carried out in bulk with stannous 2-ethythexanoate as the catalyst. A series of copolymers with pendant protected groups were obtained and characterized by H-1-NMR and GPC analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated by the Fineman-Ross method and the Kelen-Tudos method and found to be r(BMG)=1.96 and r(LA)=0.37, respectively.

Acoustical Studies of Schiff Bases in 1,4-dioxane and Dimethylformamide at 308.15K

Density,viscosity and ultrasonic v elocity of solutions of four Schiff bases in 1,4-dioxane and dimethylfor -mamide(DMF )were measured at 308.15K.Various acoustical properties such as specific impedance(Z),adiabatic compressibility(κ s ),Rao’s molar sound function(R m ),the van der Waals constant (b),molar compressibility(W),intermolecular free length(L f ),relaxation strength(r),solvation number(S n ),were calculated.The results are in terpret-ed in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solutions.

1,4-丁二醇上下游和衍生精细化学品产业链构建和发展分析

本文介绍了1,4-丁二醇的上下游产业链和衍生精细化学品的情况,针对1,4-丁二醇行业产能逐渐过剩的发展趋势,分析了上下游及衍生精细化学品发展的方向,并提出产业链延伸配套建设的建议,对现有1,4-丁二醇生产企业的转型发展和新建项目的产业链规划具有指导意义。

高效雷尼镍催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢制备1,4-丁二醇

通过控制加热电流大小制备了不同Ni_(2)Al_(3)质量分数的镍铝合金。选取高Ni_(2)Al_(3)质量分数的合金进行预刻蚀和二次刻蚀处理,得到2种颗粒状雷尼镍催化剂,采用ICP、BET、XRD、XPS、SEM对2种雷尼镍催化剂进行了表征,并将其用于1,4-丁炔二醇(BYD)加氢制1,4-丁二醇(BDO)。结果表明,二次刻蚀法得到的雷尼镍在140℃、5 MPa压力、反应时间1.0 h的条件下催化BYD加氢,BYD转化率可达100%,BDO收率为92.0%;而预刻蚀雷尼镍达到相同BDO收率所需时间为3.0 h。二次刻蚀得到的催化剂的比表面积比预刻蚀得到的催化剂更大,达到12.83 m^(2)/g;并且其表面微观结构更粗糙,富含缺陷活性位,Ni元素质量分数达到了63.36%。此外,金属Ni分散性提高、表面金属Al完全消失及Al和Ni的氧化物增多,均使催化剂表面的骨架结构更加稳定,显著提高了催化剂的催化活性。

1,4-环己烷二甲醇改性PBAT共聚酯的合成及性能

为提高降解塑料聚对苯二甲酸/己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)的力学性能、热性能及加工性能,在PBAT的分子链中引入1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)单体,采用熔融缩聚法,制备了一系列不同CHDM含量的新型聚对苯二甲酸-co-己二酸环己烷二甲酯/对苯二甲酸-co-己二酸丁二酯(PBCAT)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、液固两用核磁共振仪对共聚酯进行结构表征;利用乌氏黏度计、万能电子拉伸机、差示扫描量热仪、维卡软化点测试机、接触角测量仪分别测试了共聚酯的黏均分子量、力学性能、热性能和亲水性。结果表明,随着CHDM物质的量的增加,PBCAT共聚酯的熔点和结晶温度均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,熔点由136℃降至114℃,然后升至123℃,结晶温度由90℃降至46℃,然后升至61℃,结晶度下降。当PBCAT共聚酯的黏均分子量可达126 075 g/mol,水接触角均小于90°,材料具有良好的亲水性能。当CHDM物质的量占醇总量的25%时,PBCAT共聚酯综合性能最好,拉伸强度为20.74 MPa,与PBAT相比,提升了17%,且该共聚酯结晶度小,熔融温度较PBAT降低了7.4℃,维卡软化点达到127.4℃。

不同载体镍基催化剂对1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法将Ni分别负载在USY、ZSM-5、SBA-15、Al_(2)O_(3)和SiO_(2)5种载体上制备Ni质量分数为17%的负载型镍基催化剂,以1,4-丁炔二醇(BYD)加氢制1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为探针反应考察其催化性能。通过X射线衍射、N_(2)吸附-脱附、H_(2)程序升温还原及NH_(3)程序升温脱附对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在不同载体的催化剂作用下,BYD的转化率均可达到99%以上,但BDO的选择性却有很大差异;其他条件相同时,Ni/SBA-15催化剂反应5 h时BDO的选择性达到83.1%,1,4-丁烯二醇(BED)的选择性为16.6%,且2-羟基四氢呋喃(HTHF)的选择性很低,这与Ni/SBA-15具有较大的比表面积和平均孔径、较弱的酸性和良好的活性金属组分镍分散性有关。进而筛选出在低温低压条件下BYD一步加氢制备BDO的镍基催化剂Ni/SBA-15。

我国1,4-丁二醇的市场分析

分析了我国1,4-丁二醇(BDO)的供需现状及发展前景。截至2023年12月底,我国BDO的生产能力为3753 kt/a,2023年的消费量为2383 kt,预计2027年生产能力和消费量将分别达到9000 kt/a和3700 kt。文章同时指出了我国BDO行业未来的发展趋势并提出了今后的发展建议。

2014-2018年江苏省人源喹诺酮耐药1,4,[5],12:i:-沙门氏菌的基因组学初步分析

目的分析江苏省喹诺酮耐药1,4,[5],12:i:-沙门氏菌分子流行病学特征。方法用cgMLST分析江苏省及欧美来源菌株的分子流行病学特征,并初步分析喹诺酮耐药1,4,[5],12:i:-沙门氏菌可能的传播特征。结果13株喹诺酮耐药1,4,[5],12:i:-沙门氏菌共注释11大类抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)。其中氨基糖苷类ARGs检出率最高(100%);12株喹诺酮耐药菌株(92.3%)均携带IncHI2/IncHI2A质粒类型;不同国家/地区来源菌株质粒介导喹诺酮耐药(PMQR)基因携带分析显示美国及欧洲来源菌株携带6类PMQR基因,qnrB19检出率最高。江苏省来源菌株携带3类PMQR基因类型,aac(6′)-Ib-cr检出率最高(11.84%);不同国家/地区来源菌株cgMLST位点差异分析显示形成3个主要流行谱系。结论江苏省人源喹诺酮耐药1,4,[5],12:i:-沙门氏菌分离株与欧美菌株可能具有共同进化来源,PMQR基因携带水平存在国家/地区差异。

B4GALNT1表达下调抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖和转移

目的:骨肉瘤是儿童和青少年最常见的骨恶性肿瘤,具有极强的增殖和转移潜能。伴有远处转移的骨肉瘤患者的生存预后极差,且骨肉瘤患者在治疗过程中易出现病灶切除不彻底、化学治疗耐药等难题,目前尚缺乏有效的根治手段。近年来,越来越多的证据表明β-1,4-N-乙酰半乳糖氨基转移酶1(β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1,B4GALNT1)能够影响多种恶性肿瘤的进展。然而,B4GALNT1在骨肉瘤细胞中的功能却未见报道。本研究拟探讨骨肉瘤组织与正常组织中B4GALNT1的表达以及B4GALNT1对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,以期为骨肉瘤患者的治疗提供新的理论依据和方向。方法:收集在中南大学湘雅二医院行骨肉瘤瘤段切除的16例患者的肿瘤组织及相对应的正常组织样本,骨肉瘤患者的年龄为8~17(中位数12)岁。利用实时反转录聚合酶链反应(real-time reverse transcription PCR,real-time RT-PCR)检测B4GALNT1 mRNA在骨肉瘤组织、相对应的正常组织、3种骨肉瘤细胞系(MG63、Saos-2、U2OS)及人成骨细胞(human fetal osteoblastic,hFOB)中的表达情况;通过细胞计数试剂盒-8(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)及克隆形成实验分析敲减B4GALNT1对骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2及U2OS增殖能力的影响;利用Transwell迁移和侵袭实验分析敲减B4GALNT1对骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2及U2OS迁移和侵袭能力的影响;使用蛋白质印迹法分析敲减B4GALNT1对Saos-2及U2OS细胞上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)及侵袭相关蛋白质表达的影响。结果:Real-time RT-PCR结果表明:与正常组织及h FOB相比,骨肉瘤组织和3种骨肉瘤细胞系中B4GALNT1 mRNA的表达水平较高(均P<0.01)。CCK-8及克隆形成实验结果表明:与对照组相比,敲减B4GALNT1降低了骨肉瘤细胞的增殖速率(均P<0.05)。Transwell迁移和侵袭实验结果表明:与对照组相比,敲减B4GALNT1减少了骨肉瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭细胞数(均P<0.01)。蛋白质印迹结果表明:与对照组相比,敲减B4GALNT1抑制了N-cadherin、Snail、Vimentin和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metallopreteinase 9,MMP9)的表达(均P<0.01)。结论:B4GALNT1在骨肉瘤组织及细胞系中表达上调;敲减B4GALNT1抑制了骨肉瘤的恶性表型;B4GALNT1可能作为一个癌基因在骨肉瘤细胞增殖和转移中发挥重要作用。

2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌的合成工艺

研究了以1,4-萘醌为原料,催化氯化制备2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌的反应机理及合成工艺优化。研究发现该氯化反应为酸催化反应机理,氯化氢为有效的1,4-萘醌氯化催化剂。通过工艺优化确定了最佳合成条件为:反应温度75℃,催化剂用量1.5mL,溶剂用量80 mL,原料加入量为7.5 g,通氯速度为15mL·min^(-1),反应时间为1.5~2 h,产品纯度大于99.5%。母液经多次套用后产品收率达到91%~93%,产品纯度均达到优等品级别(≥99.0%)。

1,4-双(二甲基羟基硅)苯的制备及表征

以对二溴苯、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、镁屑为原料,通过格氏法合成苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体1,4-双(二甲基甲氧基硅)苯,然后经水解反应制得目标产物苯撑硅羟基单体1,4-双(二甲基羟基硅)苯。通过红外光谱表征了产物结构,探讨了搅拌速率、滴料时间、原料配比、溶剂等对苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体收率的影响,还研究了水解反应催化剂、加料时间对苯撑硅羟基单体收率的影响。结果表明,格氏和水解反应成功合成了苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体和苯撑硅羟基单体;格氏法合成苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体的较佳条件为:搅拌速率200r/min、滴料时间3h、对二溴苯和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷与镁物质的量之比1:2.4:2、1400mL四氢呋喃作溶剂,此时苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体的收率为64.2%;苯撑硅甲氧基硅烷单体经水解反应制备苯撑硅羟基单体的较佳条件为:2500mL的磷酸(H_(3)PO_(4)质量分数5%)作水解催化剂、加料时间3.5h,此时苯撑硅羟基单体的收率为77%。

两步法合成1,4-二(2-苯并咪唑)苯及其与不同溶剂分子的晶体结构

以邻苯二胺和对苯二甲醛为原料,在乙醇溶剂中于4℃的冰箱内反应制备新化合物1,4-二[苯胺-2-(E)-亚甲氨基]苯中间体,该中间体在体积比为5∶1的乙酸乙酯与甲醇的混合溶剂中于室温下与空气反应得到产物1,4-二[2-苯并咪唑基]苯,产物分别在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及体积比为1∶1的三氟乙酸水溶液中析出晶体,其结构通过单晶X-射线衍射进行表征。实验结果表明,两步法合成实验操作简便、成本低廉,目标产物可与不同的溶剂及水分子形成三元结合物,且均为三斜晶系,P-1空间群。

三种1,4-二氢吡啶类药物的双水相手性萃取拆分研究

建立了一种以乙醇/硫酸铵作为双水相体系拆分三种1,4-二氢吡啶类手性对映体的方法。采用单因素实验分别考察了手性识别剂的种类、识别剂的浓度、待分离组分的浓度、pH值等几个方面的影响,确定了最佳分离条件:体系pH值为3,ME-β-CD浓度为0.3 mmol/L,L-酒石酸辛酯浓度为0.4 mmol/L,三种1,4-二氢吡啶类药物浓度均为0.4 mmol/L。以0.1%三乙胺正己烷-0.1%三乙胺乙醇(90:10)为流动相分离三种1,4-二氢吡啶类药物对映体,并考察了三种药物对映体的检出限、线性范围、回收率等。结果表明,三种药物对映体的检出限在0.020~0.035 mg/L之间,相关系数均不低于0.999,方法的线性关系良好,回收率为92.2%~105.3%,相对标准偏差为0.53%~1.87%。该方法准确、简便,可满足三种药物及其制剂的拆分及含量测定。

我国1,4-丁二醇生产及市场分析预测

结合我国1,4-丁二醇(BDO)市场历史数据,重点对2018-2023年我国BDO生产、市场供需、价格、进出口等情况进行了详细分析,并预测未来五年的发展趋势。

1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢催化剂:Pd/ZrO_(2)及其碱金属改性

以Zr(OH)_(4)焙烧得到的ZrO_(2)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型Pd/ZrO_(2)和碱金属(M)改性的催化剂(Pd/M/ZrO_(2)),通过XRD、BET、TEM及HRTEM、CO_(2)-TPD、XPS对催化剂进行了表征,并评价了其在1,4-丁炔二醇(BYD)选择性加氢制1,4-丁烯二醇(BED)反应中的活性、选择性和稳定性,探究了反应气氛及碱金属改性对其活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,1.0%Pd/ZrO_(2)(1.0%为Pd的质量分数)在50℃,2.40 MPa H_(2)下,能够催化BYD选择性加氢生成BED,有较高的催化活性[0.048 molBYD/(g Pd·s)],在BYD完全转化的条件下,BED的选择性为91.2%。氨的引入能够显著抑制催化剂加氢活性,提高BED的选择性。在BYD接近完全转化时,BED的选择性可达95.6%。向ZrO_(2)载体中引入少量碱金属(Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs),能够提高BED的选择性,其中,Rb的影响最为显著,BED的选择性可达94.1%。