CmMYB3-like negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and flower color formation during the post-flowering stage in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Color fading caused by a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation during the post-flowering stage significantly affects postharvest quality of chrysanthemum.However,the underlying mechanism by which anthocyanin accumulation decreases during the post-flowering stage still unclear,which greatly restricts design of molecular breeding in chrysanthemum.Here,a chrysanthemum SG7 R2R3 MYB transcription factor(TF),CmMYB3-like,was identified to have a function in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis during the post-flowering stage.Quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR)assays showed that the expression of CmMYB3-like was gradually downregulated when anthocyanin content increased during the flowering stage and was significantly upregulated during the post-flowering stage.Genetic transformation of chrysanthemum and dual-luciferase assays in N.benthamiana leaves showed that CmMYB3-like suppressed anthocyanin accumulation by inhibiting the transcription of CmCHS and CmANS directly and that of CmF3H indirectly.However,overexpression or suppression of CmMYB3-like did not affect the biosynthesis of flavones or flavonols.Genetic transformation of chrysanthemum revealed that the overexpression of CmMYB3-like inhibited anthocyanin accumulation,but its suppression prevented the decrease in anthocyanin accumulation during the post-flowering stage.Our results revealed a crucial role of CmMYB3-like in regulating the color of petals during the post-flowering stage and provided a target gene for molecular design breeding to improve the postharvest quality of chrysanthemum.

菊苣对高尿酸血症鹌鹑肾脏有机阴离子转运体OAT3-LIKE的影响

目的从肾脏转运蛋白角度探究中药菊苣降尿酸的药效机制。方法将40只雄性迪法克鹌鹑按体质量随机分为5组,正常组给予普通饲料,其余各组均给予含酵母饲料(15 g·kg-1·d-1)建立高尿酸血症模型,同时给药组分别给予菊苣5,7.5 g·kg-1·d-1,苯溴马隆20 mg·kg-1·d-1,实验第35天处死。检测鹌鹑血清尿酸(Uric Acid,UA)、尿素氮(Urea Nitrogen,BUN)水平,并用Real-time RT-PCR(Real-time Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction)方法检测其肾脏有机阴离子转运体OAT3-LIKE(Organic Anion Transporter3-LIKE)的mRNA表达水平,同时测定肝脏尿酸代谢相关酶活性。结果与正常组比较,实验第21天、28天、35天模型组鹌鹑血尿酸升高,第35天肾脏OAT3-LIKE m RNA表达水平下降。与模型组比较,实验第35天,菊苣可以降低鹌鹑血尿酸水平,上调其肾脏OAT3-LIKE mRNA表达水平并降低肝脏腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)活性。结论高嘌呤食饵可以成功诱导鹌鹑高尿酸血症;菊苣具有抑制高尿酸血症鹌鹑尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄的双重作用;菊苣药效机制可能与降低ADA活性及上调OAT3-LIKE表达水平相关。

Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性与冠心病相关性的研究

目的:探讨Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性(rs10399931)与中国汉族人群冠心病的相关性。方法:收集189例冠心病患者的临床资料,应用连接酶检测反应(LDR)分析rs10399931各基因型,并与230例非冠心病者(对照组)进行比较。冠心病组按照发病年龄分为早发冠心病组(男性<55岁,女性<65岁)与非早发冠心病组,按照冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的支数分为1、2、3支血管病变亚组进行分析。结果:冠心病组与对照组rs10399931均存在CC、CT和TT 3种基因型;冠心病组与对照组CC、CT和TT基因型频率分别为39.7%、46.0%、16.3%及43.0%、43.9%、13.0%,C、T等位基因频率分别为62.7%、37.3%和65.0%、35.0%,两组间各基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。早发冠心病组、非早发冠心病组及对照组间rs10399931各基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。1、2、3支冠状动脉病变亚组间rs10399931各基因型分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性与汉族冠心病发病无相关性。

马铃薯Y病毒辅助成分蛋白酶与加工番茄OPA3-like蛋白结合及其定位研究

为了研究加工番茄OPA3-like蛋白与马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)的辅助成分蛋白酶(helper component proteinase,HC-Pro)的相互作用,进行了2种蛋白的结合及其定位研究。通过PCR的方法从加工番茄中克隆OPA3-like基因,同时利用Blast方法对其分析,进行了OPA3-like蛋白基因氨基酸序列同源性分析。通过构建双分子荧光互补载体pSPYCE-35S-OPA3-like和pSPYNE-35S-HC-Pro,利用农杆菌介导法共侵染洋葱表皮细胞60 h后,在共聚焦显微镜下观察洋葱表皮细胞中的黄色荧光。结果显示:加工番茄OPA3-like基因ORF长510 bp,编码169个氨基酸,编码蛋白属OPA3蛋白家族。激光共聚焦显微镜下可观察到沿细胞膜呈小泡状分布黄色荧光,说明PVY的HC-Pro蛋白与加工番茄OPA3-like蛋白结合并且共定位在细胞膜附近。这为进一步研究PVY的HC-Pro蛋白与加工番茄OPA3-like蛋白的相互作用机制奠定了一定的基础。

牙鲆PIK3R3-like基因的表达分析及重组表达

本文从牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)中鉴定得到了PI3K家族的成员之一——PIK3R3-like,并分析其可能为PIK3R3的亚型。由于其部分外显子在转录或修饰时被删除,导致该基因会产生一种较短的mRNA(PoPIK3R3-like-Ⅱ),与完整的转录组相比缺失21 nt。对PoPIK3R3-like的可变剪接长链(PoPIK3R3-like-Ⅰ)进行序列分析发现该基因包含一个1425 bp的开放性阅读框,共编码474个氨基酸,编码的蛋白共包含三个结构域,分别是一个nSH2结构域、一个iSH2结构域和一个cSH2结构域。同源性分析结果显示PoPIK3R3-like-Ⅰ、PoPIK3R3-like-Ⅱ均与其它硬骨鱼的PIK3R3-like相似度较高,系统进化分析显示PoPIK3R3-like与硬骨鱼聚为一支,与两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类相距较远。作者通过qRT-PCR检测了PoPIK3R3-like在各组织中的表达分布,发现其在牙鲆的各组织中均有表达,但在鳃和脑中表达量较高,使用迟缓爱德华氏菌侵染牙鲆鳃细胞及单核-巨噬细胞后,PoPIK3R3-like表达量分别呈现先上升再下降和显著上升的趋势,提示该基因在牙鲆抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染相关的免疫应答中可能发挥作用。利用原核表达的方法在大肠杆菌中异源表达了PoPIK3R3-like-Ⅰ的重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE结果显示得到的重组蛋白与预测大小一致,蛋白纯化结果显示得到的蛋白纯度较高,可用于下一步PIK3R3-like基因功能的相关研究。

Caspase 3-like蛋白酶和TaeMCAⅡ基因对小麦胚乳细胞PCD的影响

对正常生长和淹水处理的华麦8号胚乳细胞发育过程中Caspase 3-like蛋白酶活性和TaeMCAⅡ基因表达量进行了研究。结果显示,正常生长条件下,在胚乳细胞发生PCD早期(花后12d),Caspase 3-like蛋白酶活性较强,且该酶主要定位于胚乳细胞中的淀粉质体上;整个胚乳细胞PCD过程中TaeMCAⅡ基因表达量变化不大。在淹水胁迫处理下,胚乳TaeMCAⅡ基因表达量和Caspase 3-like蛋白酶活性比同期正常处理高。上述研究结果表明,Caspase 3-like蛋白酶参与了正常生长的胚乳细胞PCD过程;淹水胁迫会导致TaeMCAⅡ基因超表达和Caspase 3-like蛋白酶活性升高,这可能是胚乳细胞PCD进程提前的原因之一。

Plasma chitinase 3-like 1 is persistently elevated during first month after minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection

AIM: To assess blood chitinase 3-like 1(CHi3L1) levels for 2 mo after minimally invasive colorectal resection(MICR) for colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS: CRC patients in an Institutional Review Board approved data/plasma bank who underwent elective MICR for whom preoperative(PreO p), early postoperative(PostO p), and 1 or more late PostO p samples [postoperative day(POD) 7-27] available were included. Plasma CHi3L1 levels(ng/m L) were determined in duplicate by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: PreOp and PostOp plasma sample were available for 80 MICR cancer patients for the study. The median PreOp CHi3L1 level was 56.8 CI: 41.9-78.6 ng/mL(n = 80). Significantly elevated(P < 0.001) median plasma levels(ng/mL) over PreOp levels were detected on POD1(667.7 CI: 495.7, 771.7; n = 79), POD 3(132.6 CI: 95.5, 173.7; n = 76), POD7-13(96.4 CI: 67.7, 136.9; n = 62), POD14-20(101.4 CI: 80.7, 287.4; n = 22), and POD 21-27(98.1 CI: 66.8, 137.4; n = 20, P = 0.001). No significant difference in plasma levels were noted on POD27-41. CONCLUSION: Plasma CHi3L1 levels were significantly elevated for one month after MICR. Persistently elevated plasma CHi3L1 may support the growth of residual tumor and metastasis.

Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 is a biomarker of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B in China

Background:Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)is a potential biomarker for fibrosis assessment.We aimed to evaluate serum CHI3L1 as a noninvasive diagnostic marker for chronic hepatitis B virusrelated fibrosis.Methods:Serum CHI3L1 levels were measured by ELISA in 134 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.Significant fibrosis was defined as a liver stiffness>9.7 kPa.The performance of CHI3L1 was assessed and compared to that of other noninvasive tests by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Results:Serum CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in CHB patients with significant hepatic fibrosis(≥F2)than in those without significant hepatic fibrosis(<F2)(56.5 ng/mL vs.81.9 ng/mL,P<0.001).In CHB patients,the specificity and sensitivity of CHI3L1 for predicting significant fibrosis were 75.6%and 59.1%,respectively,with a cut-off of 76.0 ng/mL and an area under the ROC curve of 0.728(95%CI:0.637–0.820).Conclusions:Serum CHI3L1 levels could be an effective new serological biomarker for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.Moreover,CHI3L1 is feasible in monitoring disease progression.

AmphiSox1/2/3-like基因的系统进化学分析和在文昌鱼胚胎发育中的表达

为了研究文昌鱼胚胎发育中神经管发育的分子机制和脊椎动物中枢神经系统的起源,我们筛选和分析了与佛罗里达文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3基因同源的青岛文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3-like 基因,对其推测的氨基酸序列与17个脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的同源基因进行了系统的进化学分析,并利用胚胎整体原位杂交技术结合系列组织学切片技术,对该基因在青岛文昌鱼胚胎发育中的时空表达模式进行了系统的研究.AmphiSox1/2/3-like在原肠胚早中期开始在背部上胚层和预定神经外胚层中明显表达.在神经胚早期其表达定位于神经板.此后,表达区域位于形成中的神经管和胚胎中、后部分化中的神经管的两侧,其表达的水平从前向后逐渐下调和终止.此外,该基因在神经胚晚期和幼虫期的消化道壁中也有明显表达.研究结果显示,该基因与文昌鱼的神经分化和消化道分化密切相关.

Chitinase 3-like 1 secreted by peritumoral macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a favorable prognostic factor for survival

AIM To identify whether chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3 L1) serves as a suitable biomarker for the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and to analyze this protein's cellular source.METHODS An ELISA was conducted to detect the concentration of CHI3 L1 in the serum of 150 ESCC patients diagnosed between January 2001 and February 2005. The prognostic relevance of CHI3 L1 was evaluated by a Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. The immunohistochemistry was reanalyzed,and fluorescent staining was utilized to explore the cellular origins of CHI3 L1. We stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages(MDMs) with either IL-6 or the supernatant of the ESCC cell line Eca-109 and later investigated the level of CHI3 L1 by q PCR and ELISA.RESULTS The level of serum CHI3 L1 was higher in older patients(≥ 60) than in patients under the age of 60(P = 0.001). The patients with higher levels of CHI3 L1 had a significantly shorter overall survival,whereas the traditional markers,carcinoembryonic antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen,were less effective(P > 0.05). A multivariate Cox analysis(P = 0.001) indicated that CHI3 L1 was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. Peritumoral macrophages in ESCC exhibited high levels of CHI3 L1. Interleukin-6(IL-6) and the supernatant of Eca-109 containing IL-6 stimulated MDMs to secrete CHI3 L1. The serum concentration of CHI3 L1 in the ESCC patients showed a weak correlation with the laboratory inflammatory parameters neutrophil(NEU,P = 0.045),neutrophil/lymphocyte rate(NLR,P = 0.016),and C-reactive protein(CRP,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Our study first established a connection between the pretreated CHI3 L1 and patients with ESCC,and the serum CHI3 L1 was primarily secreted by ESCC-surrounded macrophages.

MdDGK3-like as a negative regulator participates in ALA-induced PP2AC to promote stomatal opening in apple leaves

5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)can inhibit abscisic acid(ABA)-induced stomatal closure.However,the molecular mechanism is unclear.In this study,we found that ALA upregulated the MdPP2AC expression and PP2A activity in the apple(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.‘Fuji’)leaves.With the promoter of MdPP2AC as bait,a diacylglycerol kinase MdDGK3-like was selected by the Yeast One Hybrid(Y1H)from the cDNA library of the epidermis of apple leaves treated by exogenous ALA.Additional to binding the promoter of MdPP2AC,MdDGK3-like was found to inhibit the transcription activity of MdPP2AC promoter,while ALA significantly eliminated the role of MdDGK3-like.In tobacco leaves,MdDGK3-like was localized in the nucleus of stomatal guard cells.Therefore,MdDGK3-like might act as a transcription factor negatively regulating MdPP2AC expression and causing stomatal closure.To further identify MdDGK3-like functions,several transiently transgenic apple leaves(including overexpression and interference)were established.The results revealed that overexpression of MdDGK3-like promoted stomatal closure by increasing Ca^(2+)and H_(2)O_(2)and decreasing flavonol levels in the guard cells.Conversely,MdDGK3-like(i)led the stomatal opening with lower levels of Ca^(2+)and H_(2)O_(2)but higher flavonols.Based on these,we proposed a new hypothesis that ALA up-regulated MdPP2AC expression via negatively regulating the expression of MdDGK3-like to up-regulate PP2A expression and the enzyme activity,which improved the stomatal aperture.Since it was the first time that MdDGK3-like was showed to act as a transcription factor,the proposed model provided a new insight onto the mechanisms of ALA-induced stomatal opening.

Location-based prediction model for Crohn’s disease regarding a novel serological marker,anti-chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies

BACKGROUND Defective neutrophil regulation in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is thought to play an important role in the onset or manifestation of IBD,as it could lead to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier by the infiltration of neutrophils in the inflamed mucosa and the accumulation of pathogens.Like neutrophils in the context of innate immune responses,immunoglobulin A(IgA)as an acquired immune response partakes in the defense of the intestinal epithelium.Under normal conditions,IgA contributes to the elimination of microbes,but in connection with the loss of tolerance to chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3L1)in IBD,IgA could participate in CHI3L1-mediated improved adhesion and invasion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms.The tolerance brake to CHI3L1 and the occurrence of IgA autoantibodies to this particular target,the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHI3L1 in the pathogenesis of IBD are still unclear.AIM To determine the predictive potential of Ig subtypes of a novel serological marker,anti-CHI3L1 autoantibodies(aCHI3L1)in determining the disease phenotype,therapeutic strategy and long-term disease course in a prospective referral cohort of adult IBD patients.METHODS Sera of 257 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 180 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients from a tertiary IBD referral center of Hungary(Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,University of Debrecen)were assayed for IgG,IgA,and secretory IgA(sIgA)type aCHI3L1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant CHI3L1,along with 86 healthy controls(HCONT).RESULTS The IgA type was more prevalent in CD than in UC(29.2%vs 11.1%)or HCONT(2.83%;P<0.0001 for both).However,sIgA subtype aCHI3L1 positivity was higher in both CD and UC patients than in HCONT(39.3%and 32.8%vs 4.65%,respectively;P<0.0001).The presence of both IgA and sIgA aCHI3L1 antibodies was associated with colonic involvement(P<0.0001 and P=0.038,respectively)in patients with CD.Complicated disease behavior at sample procurement was associated with aCHI3L1 sIgA positivity(57.1%vs 36.0%,P=0.009).IgA type aCH3L1 was more prevalent in patients with frequent relapse during the disease course in the CD group(46.9%vs 25.7%,P=0.005).In a group of patients with concomitant presence of pure inflammatory luminal disease and colon involvement at the time of diagnosis,positivity for IgA or sIgA type aCH3L1 predicted faster progression towards a complicated disease course in time-dependent models.This association disappeared after merging subgroups of different disease locations.CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is a novel neutrophil autoantigenic target in IBD.The consideration of antibody classes along with location-based prediction may transform the future of serology in IBD.

基于NOD样受体3炎性小体通路对利拉鲁肽在氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导内皮细胞损伤的作用机制研究

背景动脉粥样硬化是世界范围内引起心脑血管疾病最主要的原因,炎症是目前研究热点,其中NOD样受体3(NLRP3)是研究最为深入的炎症小体。胰高糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,具体机制尚不明确。目的研究利拉鲁肽通过拮抗氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的内皮细胞损伤的作用机制。方法2022-03-25—05-19培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),取HUVEC加空白血清作为对照组,100μg/mL的ox-LDL干预HUVEC 48 h作为模型组,100μg/mL的ox-LDL干预HUVEC 24 h后分别加入100、200、400 nmol/L利拉鲁肽处理24 h作为利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组。CCK-8法计算细胞增殖率。通过扫描电镜观察焦亡细胞形态。检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测白介素(IL)-1β、IL-18表达水平。蛋白质免疫印迹试验(Western blot)检测NLRP3、接头蛋白凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(Caspase-1)、焦亡执行蛋白(GSDMD)、N端结构域的焦亡执行蛋白(N-GSDMD)表达水平。结果模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组和利拉鲁肽中浓度组细胞增殖率低于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组细胞增殖率高于模型组(P<0.05)。细胞扫描电镜结果示模型组细胞焦亡明显,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组细胞焦亡情况明显改善。模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组LDH活力高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组、利拉鲁肽低浓度组IL-1β表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组IL-1β表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组IL-18表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组、利拉鲁肽中浓度组、利拉鲁肽高浓度组IL-18表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD、N-GSDMD表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽低浓度组ASC、Caspase-1表达水平高于对照组,利拉鲁肽中浓度组NLRP3、ASC表达水平低于模型组,利拉鲁肽高浓度组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论利拉鲁肽显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞NLRP3炎性小体活化,并且能够抑制内皮细胞的焦亡,具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用。

番茄OPA3-like基因的生物信息学分析及原核表达

[目的]获得高效表达的类视神经萎缩蛋白3(OPA3-like),并分析其生物信息学功能。[方法]利用Vector NTI和ExPASy,Signal P,Plant-mPLoc等在线工具对OPA3-like蛋白基本理化性质、信号肽、跨膜区及亚细胞定位进行分析;构建原核表达载体pET22b-OPA3-like、pET28a-OPA3-like、pET32a-OPA3-like并分别转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE对结果进行验证。[结果]OPA3-like蛋白是不稳定蛋白,含有跨膜区,可能位于叶绿体;原核表达表明,对于同一重组质粒而言,融合蛋白在两种菌中的表达量无明显差别,其中,转化pET28a-OPA3-like可表达20kDa的融合蛋白;转化pET32a-OPA3-like可表达37kDa的融合蛋白,且主要都以包涵体形式存在,转化pET22b-OPA3-like无融合蛋白的表达。[结论]转化pET32a-OPA3-like的表达菌可以高效表达融合蛋白(37 kDa),有利于进一步研究OPA3-like在植物中的亚细胞定位及功能。

Functional Insights of Plant GSK3-like Kinases： Multi-Taskers in Diverse Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways

The physiological importance of GSK3-like kinases in plants emerged when the functional role of plant GSK3-like kinases represented by BIN2 was first elucidated in the brassinosteroid （BR）-regulated signal transduction pathway. While early studies focused more on understanding how GSK3-like kinases regulate BR signaling, recent studies have implicated many novel substrates of GSK3-like kinases that are involved in a variety of cellular processes as well as BR signaling. Plant GSK3-like kinases play diverse roles in physiological and developmental processes such as cell growth, root and stomatal cell development, flower development, xylem differentiation, light response, and stress responses. Here, we review the progress made in recent years in understanding the versatile functions of plant GSK3-like kinases. Based on the relationship between GSK3-like kinases and their newly identified substrates, we discuss the physiological and biochemical relevance of various cellular signaling mediated by GSK3-like kinases in plants.

Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau,visinin-like protein-1,and chitinase-3-like protein 1 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Background:Visinin-like protein-1(VILIP-1)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1 or YKL-40)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)are newly discovered markers indicating neuronal damage and microglial activation,respectively.Phosphorylated tau(p-tau)reflects the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is useful as diagnostic markers for AD.However,it is unknown whether these biomarkers have similar or complementary information in AD.Methods:We stratified 121 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)database into cognitively normal(CN),stable mild cognitive impairment(sMCI),progressive MCI(pMCI),and dementia due to AD.Analysis of covariance(ANOVA)and chi-square analyses,Spearman correlation,and logistic regression models were performed to test the demographic,associations between biomarkers,and diagnostic accuracies,respectively.Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the effects of CSF amyloid-β(Aβ)on above biomarkers within diagnostic groups,the combination of diagnostic group and Aβstatus as predictor,and CSF biomarkers as predictors of AD features,including cognition measured by Mini–Mental State Examination(MMSE)and brain structure and white matter hyperintensity(WMH)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Results:P-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40 were all predictors of AD diagnosis,but combinations of biomarkers did not improve the diagnostic accuracy(AUC 0.924 for p-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40)compared to p-tau(AUC 0.922).P-tau and VILIP-1 were highly correlated(r=0.639,p<0.001)and strongly associated with Aβpathology across clinical stages of AD,while YKL-40 was correlated with Aβpathology in CN and AD groups.VILIP-1 was associated with acceleration of cognitive decline,hippocampal atrophy,and expansion of ventricles in longitudinal analyses.YKL-40 was associated with hippocampal atrophy at baseline and follow-up,while p-tau was only associated with worsening WMH at baseline.Conclusions:CSF levels of p-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40 may have utility for discriminating between cognitively normal subjects and patients with AD.Increased levels of both VILIP-1 and YKL-40 may be associated with disease degeneration.These CSF biomarkers should be considered for future assessment in the characterization of the natural history of AD.

Location of Caspase 3-like Protease in the Development of Sieve Element and Tracheary Element of Stem in Cucurbita moschata

The casepase is considered to regulate the process of programmed cell death in the development of organisms. In this study, caspase 3-like protease was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy during the development of sieve element and tracheary element of stem in Cucurbita moschata Duch. Antibody with brown color （under light microscopy） and gold particles （under transmission electron microscopy） for detecting caspase 3-like protease was mainly displayed in inner phloem, external phloem and xylem in the region close to procambium. From the results it was considered that caspase 3-like protease did exist in vascular elements and played different roles during the development of sieve and tracheary elements, and different types of programmed cell death might be carried out. The caspase 3-like protease mainly participated in making cytoplasmic streaming cease and in degrading P-protein bodies; however, it rarely participated in the function for signal transferring in the developmental sieve element. However, it might induce calcium accumulation for rupturing the tonoplast in the signal of PCD in the developmental tracheary element.

血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3和卵泡抑素样蛋白1检测对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值

目的:分析血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3(TRAF3)和卵泡抑素样蛋白1(FSTL1)水平检测对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值。方法:选择系统性红斑狼疮患者58例为研究对象,采用吗替麦考酚酯治疗,根据治疗效果分为有效组(45例)和无效组(13例)。检测血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平,分析TRAF3、FSTL1与系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗效果的关系,以及血清TRAF3、FSTL1对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值。结果:系统性红斑狼疮患者经吗替麦考酚酯治疗后,血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平降低(均P<0.05)。与无效组比较,有效组血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平降低(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,TRAF3、FSTL1是系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗效果的影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清TRAF3、FSTL1对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效具有一定的预测价值,且联合检测预测价值更高(均P<0.05)。结论:血清TRAF3、FSTL1高表达与系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效相关,两者联合检测能提升系统性红斑狼疮患者治疗无效风险的预测价值。

血清几丁质酶-3样蛋白1与血液透析患者预后关系的研究

目的探讨血清几丁质酶-3样蛋白1(chitinase 3-like protein 1,CHI3L1)与血液透析患者全因死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡之间的关系。方法本研究为前瞻性队列研究,病例来自2014年9月北京大学第三医院肾内科维持性血液透析患者。测定基线血CHI3L1水平,并根据中位数将患者分为高CHI3L1组和低CHI3L1组,随访9年。用Kaplan-Meier生存分析高CHI3L1组和低CHI3L1组患者生存率的差异,用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)曲线描述CHI3L1与全因死亡率的剂量反应关系,用多因素COX比例风险模型分析患者全因死亡或心脑血管疾病死亡的独立危险因素。结果共纳入109例患者,随访时间为80.0(38.2,113.2)个月。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示高CHI3L1组患者全因死亡率高于低CHI3L1组(χ^(2)=4.720,P=0.030),2组患者心脑血管疾病死亡率无明显差异(χ^(2)=1.954,P=0.162)。当CHI3L1≥199.8 ng/ml时,全因死亡率随着CHI3L1水平的增加有明显增加(HR=1.747,95%CI:1.035~2.947,P=0.037)。COX回归分析结果显示:年龄增加(HR=1.029,95%CI:1.001~1.056,P=0.040)、长透析龄(HR=2.251,95%CI:1.310~3.868,P=0.003)、收缩压高(HR=1.022,95%CI:1.008~1.036,P=0.002)、血肌酐低(HR=0.135,95%CI:0.064~0.283,P<0.001)均为血液透析患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,多种因素校正后高CHI3L1仍然是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素(HR=1.963,95%CI:1.010~3.813,P=0.047)。结论高CHI3L1组患者全因死亡率高于低CHI3L1组患者,血CHI3L1可能是血液透析患者全因死亡的独立预测指标。

缺血性脑血管病患者血清β淀粉样蛋白和壳多糖酶3样蛋白1水平与颈动脉病变的关系

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病(ICD)患者血清β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和壳多糖酶3样蛋白1(CHI3L1)水平与颈动脉病变的关系。方法选取2019年1月—2023年5月沧州市中心医院ICD患者298例(ICD组)、健康体检者300名(对照组)。根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(ITM)、斑块积分和颈动脉狭窄程度分别分组。收集所有研究对象一般资料,并检测血清Aβ、CHI3L1、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。采用偏相关分析评估血清Aβ、CHI3L1水平与颈动脉病变的相关性。结果ICD组血清TG、TC、LDL-C、Aβ和CHI3L1水平均高于对照组(P<0.01),其他指标2个组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内膜正常组、内膜增厚组、斑块形成组血清Aβ和CHI3L1水平依次升高(P<0.001)。轻度硬化组、中度硬化组和重度硬化组血清Aβ和CHI3L1水平依次升高(P<0.001)。轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组血清Aβ、CHI3L1水平依次升高(P<0.001)。血清Aβ和CHI3L1水平与ITM、斑块积分和颈动脉狭窄程度均呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论ICD患者血清Aβ和CHI3L1水平升高,且与颈动脉病变密切相关,或可作为反映ICD患者颈动脉病变程度的指标。