A Semantic-Sensitive Approach to Indoor and Outdoor 3D Data Organization

Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.

Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Local Shape Descriptors for the Classification of 3D Data in Precision Farming

Object classification in high-density 3D point clouds with applications in precision farming is a very challenging area due to high intra-class variances and high degrees of occlusions and overlaps due to self-similarities and densely packed plant organs, especially in ripe growing stages. Due to these application specific challenges, this contribution gives an experimental evaluation of the performance of local shape descriptors (namely Point-Feature Histogram (PFH), Fast-Point-Feature Histogram (FPFH), Signature of Histograms of Orientations (SHOT), Rotational Projection Statistics (RoPS) and Spin Images) in the classification of 3D points into different types of plant organs. We achieve very good results on four representative scans of a leave, a grape bunch, a grape branch and a flower of between 94 and 99% accuracy in the case of supervised classification with an SVM and between 88 and 96% accuracy using a k-means clustering approach. Additionally, different distance measures and the influence of the number of cluster centres are examined.

Application of 9-component S-wave 3D seismic data to study sedimentary facies and reservoirs in a biogasbearing area:A case study on the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area,Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China

To solve the problems in restoring sedimentary facies and predicting reservoirs in loose gas-bearing sediment,based on seismic sedimentologic analysis of the first 9-component S-wave 3D seismic dataset of China,a fourth-order isochronous stratigraphic framework was set up and then sedimentary facies and reservoirs in the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area of Qaidam Basin were studied by seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology.The study method and thought are as following.Firstly,techniques of phase rotation,frequency decomposition and fusion,and stratal slicing were applied to the 9-component S-wave seismic data to restore sedimentary facies of major marker beds based on sedimentary models reflected by satellite images.Then,techniques of seismic attribute extraction,principal component analysis,and random fitting were applied to calculate the reservoir thickness and physical parameters of a key sandbody,and the results are satisfactory and confirmed by blind testing wells.Study results reveal that the dominant sedimentary facies in the Qigequan Formation within the study area are delta front and shallow lake.The RGB fused slices indicate that there are two cycles with three sets of underwater distributary channel systems in one period.Among them,sandstones in the distributary channels of middle-low Qigequan Formation are thick and broad with superior physical properties,which are favorable reservoirs.The reservoir permeability is also affected by diagenesis.Distributary channel sandstone reservoirs extend further to the west of Sebei-1 gas field,which provides a basis to expand exploration to the western peripheral area.

Constructing Isosurfaces from 3D Data Sets Taking Account of Depth Sorting of Polyhedra

Creating and rendering intermediate geometric primitives is one of the approaches to visualize data sets in 3D space. Some algorithms have been developed to construct isosurface from uniformly distributed 3D data sets. These algorithms assume that the function value varies linearly along edges of each cell. But to irregular 3D data sets, this assumption is inapplicable. Moreover, the depth sorting of cells is more complicated for irregular data sets, which is indispensable for generating isosurface images or semitransparent isosurface images, if Z-buffer method is not adopted.In this paper, isosurface models based on the assumption that the function value has nonlinear distribution within a tetrahedroll are proposed. The depth sorting algorithm and data structures are developed for the irregular data sets in which cells may be subdivided into tetrahedra. The implementation issues of this algorithm are discussed and experimental results are shown to illustrate potentials of this technique.

改进的3D-BoNet算法应用于点云实例分割与三维重建

为了更好地利用点云数据重建室内三维模型,本文提出了一种基于3D-BoNet-IAM算法的室内场景三维重建方法。该方法通过改进3D-BoNet算法提高点云数据的实例分割精度。针对点云数据缺失问题,提出了基于平面基元合并优化的拟合平面方法,利用拟合得到的新平面重建建筑表面模型。在S3DIS和ScanNet V2数据集上验证3D-BoNet算法的改进效果。试验结果表明,本文提出的3D-BoNet-IAM算法比原始算法分割精度提高了3.3%;对比本文建模效果与其他建模效果发现,本文方法的建模效果更准确。本文方法能够提高室内点云数据的实例分割精度,同时得到高质量的室内三维模型。

可编辑三维场景的动态3D Tiles构建方法

可编辑的大型三维WebGIS具有一定的应用场景需求,常见的3DTiles数据格式局限于静态场景渲染,在编辑的三维场景中,需要构建动态的3D Tile文件格式和多细节层次(level of detail,Lo D)渲染方法。本文从动态空间索引和多细节层次技术两方面研究Web在线编辑大型三维场景的构建方法,将动态松散八叉树和半边折叠LoD构建算法应用于3D Tiles构建流程中,实现支持可编辑场景的3D Tiles构建与更新。结果表明:(1)松散八叉树索引在计算量上能够实现动态更新的目标,且在视锥体剔除上有着良好的精度;(2)基于半边折叠法进行准实时LoD的构建,能够满足动态场景下实时计算LoD的需求;(3)所构建的3D Tiles场景,配合Three.js等成熟框架并应用WebWorker等技术,能够顺利完成3DTiles的高效调度和渲染。研究成果对城市三维模型在线编辑、动态地理三维场景的加载渲染等相关研究和应用具有一定的参考价值。

基于关键视图的文本驱动3D场景编辑方法

基于去噪扩散模型的零样本图像编辑方法取得了瞩目的成就,将之应用于3D场景编辑可实现零样本的文本驱动3D场景编辑。然而,其3D编辑效果容易受扩散模型的3D连续性与过度编辑等问题影响,产生错误的编辑结果。针对这些问题,提出了一种新的文本驱动3D编辑方法,该方法从数据端着手,提出了基于关键视图的数据迭代方法与基于像素点的异常数据掩码模块。关键视图数据可以引导一个3D区域的编辑以减少3D不一致数据的影响,而数据掩码模块则可以过滤掉2D输入数据中的异常点。使用该方法,可以实现生动的照片级文本驱动3D场景编辑效果。实验证明,相较于一些目前先进的文本驱动3D场景编辑方法,可以大大减少3D场景中错误的编辑,实现更加生动的、更具真实感的3D编辑效果。此外,使用该方法生成的编辑结果更具多样性、编辑效率也更高。

基于深度学习与点云数据的3D检测系统应用研究

为了解决高低差场景中平坦度高的2D视觉检测乏力的问题,基于深度学习和点云数据处理平台,融合3D点云格式图像和深度学习技术,建立微米精度、在线检测、成本可控的3D检测架构机制。采用相移和光栅投影结构光技术的硬件方案获取3D点云原始数据,基于强大的CPU和GPU处理芯片,对经过被测物体调制的光栅图案进行重新编码,并结合标定参数解算3D点云数据。对2D深度学习模型进行升级开发,可对点云数据进行标注、学习训练和检测,并将3D硬件、3D软件和3D算法进行整合。实验结果表明,所提系统有利于3D缺陷检测系统的落地,为智能3D检测设备奠定算法和软件基础。

Beamforming with the Generalized Sidelobe Cancellerfor Coherent Noise Attenuation in 3D Seismic Data

This paper presents a new approach for attenuating coherent noise in 3D seismic data. An adaptive beamforming with generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) design methodology is utilized here as a general form of linearly constrained adaptive beamforming structure. It consists of a fixed beamformer, and a signal-blocking matrix in front of an unconstrained adaptive beamformer.Considerationf of the complexity of the geometry for 3D seismic survey, the 3D beamforming with GSC technique is developed with two key points: (1) sorting along azimuth sections to simplify the relationship between traveltime and offset from 3D to 2D, and (2) dynamic binning scheme to avoid the possible poor folding in some azimuth sections. Both simulation result and real data example show that the newly developed 3D beamforming with GSC yields more credible results at a relative low cost, sufficient stability and good resolution.

基于3D注意力卷积与自监督学习的脑疾病分类方法

为了提升现有脑疾病分类方法提取三维空间特征的能力,提出一种融合3D注意力卷积与自监督学习的分类模型。首先,提出一种基于残差结构的3D注意力卷积神经网络来提取空间特征,利用3D注意力机制区分体素数据中不同空间位置的重要性;其次,利用空间特征构建一个基于自监督学习的多任务学习框架,通过基于空间连续性的自监督辅助任务来进一步挖掘体素的空间依赖关系;最后,通过辅助任务与目标分类任务的联合训练优化神经网络参数,进而提升分类模型的性能。在ABIDE-Ⅰ和ABIDE-Ⅱ数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法具有优异的分类性能,分类结果也具备良好的可解释性。

3D Modelling from New and Existing Gravity Data of an Intrusive Body in the Northern Part of Kribi-Campo Sub-Basin in Cameroon

A new gravity survey was carried out in the northern part of the onshore Kribi- Campo sub-basin in Cameroon. The data were incorporated to the existing ones and then analyzed and modeled in order to elucidate the subsurface structure of the area. The area is characterized in its north-western part by considerably high positive anomalies indicative of the presence of a dense intrusive body. We find, 1) from the analysis of the gravity residual anomaly map, the high positive anomalies observed are the signature of a shallow dense structure;2) from the multi-scale analysis of the maxima of the horizontal gradient, the structure is confined between depths of 0.5 km and 5 km;3) from the quantitative interpretation of residual anomalies by spectral analysis, the depth to the upper surface of the intrusive body is not uniform, the average depth of the bottom is h1 = 3.6 km and the depths to particular sections of the roof of the intrusion are h2 = 1.6 km and h3 = 0.5 km;4) and the 3D modeling gives results that are suggestive of the presence of contacts between rocks of different densities at different depths and a dense intrusive igneous body in the upper crust of the Kribi zone. From the 3D model the dense intrusive igneous block is surrounded by sedimentary formations to the south-west and metamorphic formations to the north-east. Both formations have a density of about 2.74 g/cm3. The near surface portions of this igneous block lie at a depth range of 0.5 km to 1.5 km while its lower surface has a depth range of 3.6 km to 5.2 km. The shape of the edges and the bottom of the intrusive body are suggestive of the fact that it forms part of a broader structure underlying the Kribi-Campo sub-basin with a great influence on the sedimentary cover.

Using MC Algorithm to Implement 3D Image Reconstruction for Yunnan Weather Radar Data

3D image reconstruction for weather radar data can not only help the weatherman to improve the forecast efficiency and accuracy, but also help people to understand the weather conditions easily and quickly. Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm in the surface rendering has more excellent applicability in 3D reconstruction for the slice images;it may shorten the time to find and calculate the isosurface from raw volume data, reflect the shape structure more accurately. In this paper, we discuss a method to reconstruct the 3D weather cloud image by using the proposed Cube Weighting Interpolation (CWI) and MC algorithm. Firstly, we detail the steps of CWI, apply it to project the raw radar data into the cubes and obtain the equally spaced cloud slice images, then employ MC algorithm to draw the isosurface. Some experiments show that our method has a good effect and simple operation, which may provide an intuitive and effective reference for realizing the 3D surface reconstruction and meteorological image stereo visualization.

Application of 3D Seismic Data Inversion to Coal Mining Prospecting

Seismic inversion is one of the most important methods for lithological prospecting . Seismic data with lowresolution is converted into impedance data of high resolution which can reflect the geological structure by inversionThe inversion technique of 3D seismic data is discussed from both methodological and theoretical aspects, and the in-version test is also carried out using actual logging data. The result is identical with the measured data obtained fromroadway of coal mine. The field tests and research results indicate that this method can provide more accurate data foridentifying thin coal seam and minor faults.

3D点云数据处理方法研究进展

点云是理解三维场景的重要形式之一,3D点云在海洋平台逆向建模、海底地形测绘、深水浮式结构系泊系统损伤测量及海底管线可视化等方面都有着重要应用。基于此,文中梳理了点云数据处理方法,将其分为传统处理算法和基于深度学习方法两大类;传统处理算法从滤波、对象识别与分类和配准3方面进行了介绍总结;基于深度学习方法从点云、体素化和多视图3方面进行了介绍总结。对各种算法的优缺点进行了归纳对比,并展望了3D点云处理技术未来的发展趋势与方向。

基于3D U-Net++卷积神经网络的断层识别方法及应用

断层解释是地震资料解释的基础与关键,准确合理的断层识别对油气开采有着至关重要的作用。随着油田对断层解释精度需求的日益提高,单纯通过基于人工的如相干体、曲率等属性的传统断层解释方法,其精度已无法满足要求。笔者在U-Net卷积神经网络模型的基础上进行改进,得出了一种自动断层识别方法,能够从任意三维地震图像中自动提取断层。文中该模型在足量样本集训练下,对两区块的实际地震数据进行自动断层识别,将识别结果进行分析对比。实验结果表明,该模型能够对任意三维地震数据进行自动断层识别,基于3D U-Net++网络模型的断层识别结果相比于传统U-Net网络识别结果准确性有明显提高,对潜山内部的小断层识别也表现出良好的效果,明显提高了常规、复杂断层识别的工作效率。

Study on the 3D Seismic Data Field Hybrid Rendering Technique of Natural Gas Hydrate and Its Application

3D visualization technology is a tool used for displaying, describing, and understanding the characteristics of geologic bodies, and features high efficiency, objective accuracy, visual expression, etc. In this paper, the man-machine interactive interpretation and 3D visualization technology rapidly displaying and analyzing the 3D seismic data of hydrate ore volume is researched and developed using the hybrid rendering technique. Through the integrated interpretation on the 3D space structure, stratum, and seismic attributes, the visualized multi-attribute superimposition analysis is implemented for describing the spatial distribution characteristics of hydrate ore volume and exquisitely describing the subtle geological characteristics of hydrate ore volume. By the hybrid rendering technique, authentication and interpretation are provided for the geological exploration work, so as to greatly enhance the visualization and accuracy of the geological analysis, and also provide a good decision-making foundation for the subsequent development of resources.

利用WGS84-AW3D30 DSM data map表面模型数据作西安80或国家2000大地坐标系统的地形图技术探讨

针对日常野外测绘及地形图绘制过程中存在的各种问题,本文提供了一种快速、简洁的地形图绘制方法,即利用现成的网络上得到的数据通过一系列的坐标系统转换过程得到工作所需的数据,并完成地形图绘制,为地形图绘制提供了一种新的思路。

3D Geological Modeling with Multi-source Data Integration in Polymetallic Region:A Case Study of Luanchuan,Henan Province,China

The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological, structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanchuan,the case study area,southwestern Henan Province,is an important molybdenum-tungsten -lead-zinc polymetallic belt in China.

3D motion and geometric information system of single-antenna radar based on incomplete 1D range data

A 3D motion and geometric information system of single-antenna radar is proposed,which can be supported by spotlight synthetic aperture radar（SAR） system and inverse SAR（ISAR） system involving relative 3D motion of the rigid target.In this system,applying the geometry invariance of the rigid target,the unknown 3D shape and motion of the radar target can be reconstructed from the 1D range data of some scatterers extracted from the high-resolution range image.Compared with the current 1D-to-3D algorithm,in the proposed algorithm,the requirement of the 1D range data is expanded to incomplete formation involving large angular motion of the target and hence,the quantity of the scatterers and the abundance of 3D motion are enriched.Furthermore,with the three selected affine coordinates fixed,the multi-solution problem of the reconstruction is solved and the technique of nonlinear optimization can be successfully utilized in the system.Two simulations are implemented which verify the higher robustness of the system and the better performance of the 3D reconstruction for the radar target with unknown relative motion.