小麦Rht3基因对萌发籽粒α-Amy1表达和抗穗发芽的影响

以小麦赤霉酸反应不敏感的 Rht3矮秆基因近等基因系及其分离群体为材料 ,分析了 Rht3对α-淀粉酶同功酶的影响。结果表明 Rht3主要对α- Amy1的表达起作用 ,高矮亲本间α- Amy1等电聚焦同功酶谱带有明显差异 ,高秆轮回亲本在 p H 5 .0～ 5 .3区域具特异带 ,分离群体中高秆与矮秆之间的α- Amy1同功酶谱带差异明显 ,但酶谱较为复杂。 Rht3主要通过影响α-

Influences of AMY1 gene copy number and protein expression on salivary alpha-amylase activity before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children

OBjECTIVE:To compare the correlations between salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) activity and amylase,alpha 1(salivary) gene(AMY1) copy number or its gene expression between splenic asthenia and healthy children,and investigate the reasons of attenuated sAA activity ratio before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children.METHODS:Saliva samples from 20 splenic asthenia children and 29 healthy children were collected before and after citric acid stimulation.AMY1 copy number,sAA activity,and total sAA and glycosylated sAA contents were determined,and their correlations were analyzed.RESULTS:Although splenic asthenia and healthy children had no differences in AMY1 copy number,splenic asthenia children had positive correlations between AMY1 copy number and sAA activity before or after citric acid stimulation.Splenic asthenia children had a higher sAA glycosylated proportion ratio and glycosylated sAA content ratio,while their total sAA content ratio and sAA activity ratio were lower compared with healthy children.The glycosylated sAA content ratio was higher than the total sAA content ratio in both groups.Splenic asthenia and healthy children had positive correlations between total sAA or glycosylated sAA content and sAA activity.However,the role played by glycosylated sAA content in sAA activity in healthy children increased after citric acid stimulation,while it decreased in splenic asthenia children.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors like AMY1 copy number variations,and more importantly,sAA glycosylation abnormalities leading to attenuated sAA activity after citric acid stimulation,which were the main reasons of the attenuated sAA activity ratio in splenic asthenia children compared with healthy children.

中国地方鸡种血液淀粉酶Amy-1多态性

本文用聚丙烯酸胺水平凝胶电泳法测定了我国10个地方鸡种的血液淀粉酶Amy－1多态性，发现我国地方鸡种Amy－1的AA、BB型纯台子基因型频率很低，AB型基因型频率很高，杂台子显著过量，且普遍存在Amy－1分布不平衡。还发现Amy－1A和Amy－1B两个等位基因频率在所有10个鸡种中几乎均为0．5。

Low serum amylase and obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A novel interpretation

For the last decade, low serum amylase(hypoamylasemia) has been reported in certain common cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes(regardless of type), and metabolic syndrome, all of which appear to have a common etiology of insufficient insulin action due to insulin resistance and/or diminished insulin secretion. Some clinical studies have shown that salivary amylase may be preferentially decreased in obese individuals, whereas others have revealed that pancreatic amylase may be preferentially decreased in diabetic subjects with insulin dependence. Despite this accumulated evidence, the clinical relevance of serum, salivary, and pancreatic amylase and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, copy number variations(CNVs) in the salivary amylase gene(AMY1), which range more broadly than the pancreatic amylase gene(AMY2A and AMY2B), have been shown to be well correlated with salivary and serum amylase levels. In addition, low CNV of AMY1, indicating low salivary amylase, was associated with insulin resistance, obesity, low taste perception/satiety, and postprandial hyperglycemia through impaired insulin secretion at early cephalic phase. In most populations, insulin-dependent diabetes is less prevalent(minor contribution) compared with insulin-independent diabetes, and obesity is highly prevalent compared with low body weight. Therefore, obesity as a condition that elicits cardiometabolic diseases relating to insulin resistance(major contribution) may be a common determinant for low serum amylase in a general population. In this review, the novel interpretation of low serum, salivary, and pancreas amylase is discussed in terms of major contributions of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

手性噁唑硼烷酮在不对称催化碳-碳成键反应中的作用

用半经验AM1方法研究了 口恶唑硼烷酮催化环戊二烯与烯醛不对称环加成反应 .结果表明 ,在催化剂存在下 ,反应的活化能明显降低 .理论预测的产物手性与实验吻合 .

毛细管气相色谱法分析65份自酿/散白酒中甲醇、杂醇油含量

目的建立毛细管气相色谱柱测定白酒中甲醇、杂醇油等多种微量成分的方法，并以此对河北省内采集的65份自酿、散白酒酒样进行分析。方法毛细管色谱柱为DB—WAX（30m×0．32mm×0．25μm），乙酸正戊酯为内标，采用程序升温，检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器。以保留时间定性；以待测组分峰面积、待测物相对质量校正因子、内标物峰面积进行甲醇、杂醇油的定量。结果：本法在选定的色谱条件下，各种微量成分得到较好的分离，方法回收率在91％-96％之间，重现性好，准确度高，待测的6个组分在15min内全部显现；实验精密度RSD为0．4％～1．3％之间。65份自酿、散装白酒甲醇质量浓度均值为0．44±1．14g／L，总体合格率90．7％，6份超标酒样均来自家庭自酿白酒。结论本法快速简单，分离效果和实验精密度良好，适合同时测定酒中甲醇、杂醇油等微量成分。农村自酿白酒卫生质量欠佳，建议加强卫生监测。