基于JNK/AP-1信号通路探讨广西毛冬青在放射性脑损伤中的作用机制

目的:探讨广西毛冬青(IPH)对放射性脑损伤的改善作用及其机制。方法:将40只SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、IPH、放射组和放射+IPH组,每组10只。采用γ射线建立放射性脑损伤模型,放射前、后连续灌胃给药14 d。采用Morris水迷宫实验、避暗实验检测小鼠认知功能,苏木精—伊红(HE)染色和尼氏染色观察脑组织病理形态变化,电镜观察胶质细胞超微结构,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清白介素-6(IL-6)水平,免疫组织化学染色法检测脑组织c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、磷酸化(p-)JNK、激活蛋白-1(AP-1)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)蛋白表达,免疫荧光检测脑组织星型胶质细胞标记物GFAP和小胶质细胞标记物Iba-1蛋白表达,western blotting法检测脑组织JNK和p-JNK蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,放射组小鼠放射后7 d体重减低,血清IL-6含量升高,脑组织AP-1、MCP-1表达水平及p-JNK/JNK比值升高,小胶质细胞Iba-1和GFAP表达水平升高(均P<0.05)。与放射组比较,放射+IPH组小鼠放射后7 d体重增加,血清IL-6含量降低,脑组织AP-1、MCP-1表达水平及p-JNK/JNK比值降低,小胶质细胞Iba-1和GFAP表达水平降低(均P<0.05)。HE染色和尼氏染色显示,放射组大量细胞和神经元出现核固缩现象,小胶质细胞激活,呈圆形;电镜下可见细胞内溶酶体增多,星形胶质细胞细胞核及胞质肿胀;经IPH干预后,小鼠脑组织神经元变性情况和胶质细胞形态明显改善。结论:广西IPH能改善放射性脑损伤小鼠的认知功能,减少小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞激活,其机制可能与减轻神经炎症反应、抑制JNK/AP-1信号通路有关。

Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor:involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Sortilin-related receptor 1(SORL1)is a critical gene associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.SORL1 contributes to the development and progression of this neurodegenerative condition by affecting the transport and metabolism of intracellularβ-amyloid precursor protein.To better understand the underlying mechanisms of SORL1 in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer s disease,in this study,we established a mouse model of SorI1 gene knockout using cluste red regularly inters paced short palindro mic repeats-associated protein 9 technology.We found that Sorl1-knocko ut mice displayed deficits in learning and memory.Furthermore,the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly downregulated in the hippocampus and co rtex,and amyloidβ-protein deposits were observed in the brains of 5orl1-knockout mice.In vitro,hippocampal neuronal cell synapses from homozygous Sorl1-knockout mice were impaired.The expression of synaptic proteins,including Drebrin and NR2B,was significantly reduced,and also their colocalization.Additionally,by knocking out the Sorl1 gene in N2a cells,we found that expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NR2B,and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein was also inhibited.These findings suggest that SORL1 participates in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer s disease by regulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein signaling axis.

基于TRAF2/AP-1信号通路探讨柴苓合剂对痰瘀互结MS-IR大鼠炎症因子影响

目的基于TRAF2/AP-1信号通路探讨柴苓合剂对痰瘀互结代谢综合征胰岛素抵抗(MS-IR)大鼠糖代谢、脂代谢、炎症因子的部分作用机制。方法48只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白组和造模组。造模组大鼠采用高脂高糖饲料喂养,注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)(35 mg/kg),同时用物理刺激方法,建立痰瘀互结型MSIR大鼠模型。造模成功后将大鼠随机分为模型组,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组,西药组进行干预。给药各组分别进行柴苓合剂、吡格列酮干预治疗3周,空白组、模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水灌服。生化检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;Western Blot检测肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达;HE染色切片,光学显微镜观察用药前后肝细胞损伤、肝细胞坏死、脂质堆积、炎症细胞浸润等情况。结果(1)糖代谢指标水平。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平均升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组及西药组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平均降低(P<0.01);与西药组比较,柴苓合剂高剂量组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与柴苓合剂低剂量组比较,柴苓合剂高、中剂量组及西药组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平均降低(P<0.01);与柴苓合剂中剂量组比较,柴苓合剂高剂量组及西药组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平降低(P<0.01)。(2)脂代谢指标水平。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)水平均升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组及西药组TG、CHO水平均降低(P<0.01);与西药组相比,柴苓合剂中、高剂量组TG、CHO水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),柴苓合剂低剂量组TG、CHO水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与柴苓合剂低剂量组相比,柴苓合剂中、高剂量组TG、CHO水平均降低(P<0.01);与柴苓合剂中剂量组相比,柴苓合剂高剂量组TG、CHO水平均降低(P<0.01)。(3)TNF-α、IL-6水平。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠TNF-α、IL-6水平均升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组及西药组TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低(P<0.01);与西药组相比,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低(P<0.01);与柴苓合剂低剂量组相比,柴苓合剂中、高剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与柴苓合剂中剂量组相比,柴苓合剂高剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低(P<0.01)。(4)肝组织TRAF2/JNK/AP-1信号通路蛋白表达。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达均上调(P<0.01);与模型组比较,柴苓合剂低、中、高剂量组及西药组肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与西药组比较,柴苓合剂高剂量组肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.01),柴苓合剂低、中剂量组肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与柴苓合剂低剂量组比较,柴苓合剂高剂量组肝组织TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.01),柴苓合剂中剂量组肝组织AP-1蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),TRAF2、JNK蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.01);与柴苓合剂中剂量组比较,柴苓合剂高剂量组TRAF2、JNK、AP-1蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论柴苓合剂高剂量能显著改善痰瘀互结MS-IR大鼠糖代谢、脂代谢和炎症因子,其作用机制可能是柴苓合剂通过调控TRAF2蛋白作用于JNK蛋白,引起它的下游反应,又通过JNK的磷酸化作用于AP-1,释放炎症因子,从而TRAF2作用于JNK,然后磷酸化于AP-1使炎症因子降低有关。

AP-1对羊毛KRTs的调控研究

滩羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,其裘皮形成的机理极为复杂,且是出生后35 d左右特有的性状。综述转录因子AP-1的组成、功能结构、作用机理和结合特点,以及角蛋白的分类及表达特点,并对AP-1对羊毛KRTs基因特异性启动子的结合位点进行预测,为转录因子对羊毛角蛋白基因的调控研究提供有效的参考。

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 2 is a functional downstream regulator of complement factor D that controls mitochondrial fitness in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the cardiac muscle that affects patients with diabetes.The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy are mostly unknown,but several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease and its progression towards heart failure,including endothelial dysfunction,autonomic neuropathy,metabolic alterations,oxidative stress,and alterations in ion homeostasis,especially calcium transients[1].In Military Medical Research,Jiang et al.[2]sought to determine the functional role of complement factor D(Adipsin)in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in Glioblastoma Multiforme:a systematic review going beyond pathologic implications

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity and vascular proliferation.Hypoxic conditions in the tissue microenvironment are considered a pivotal player leading tumor progression.Specifically,hypoxia is known to activate inducible factors,such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha(HIF-1α),which in turn can stimulate tumor neo-angiogenesis through activation of various downward mediators,such as the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Here,we aimed to explore the role of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes alone and in combination with other prognostic markers or clinical and image analysis data,as potential biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.We performed a systematic review(Medline/Embase,and Pubmed database search was completed by 16th of April 2024 by two independent teams;PRISMA 2020).We evaluated methods of immunoassays,cell viability,or animal or patient survival methods of the retrieved studies to assess unbiased data.We used inclusion criteria,such as the evaluation of GBM prognosis based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression,other biomarkers or clinical and imaging manifestations in GBM related to HIF-1α/VEGF expression,application of immunoassays for protein expression,and evaluation of the effectiveness of GBM therapeutic strategies based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression.We used exclusion criteria,such as data not reporting both HIF-1αand VEGF or prognosis.We included 50 studies investigating in total 1319 GBM human specimens,18 different cell lines or GBM-derived stem cells,and 6 different animal models,to identify the association of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes,and with other prognostic factors,clinical and macroscopic data in GBM prognosis and therapeutic approaches.We found that increased HIF-1α/VEGF expression in GBM correlates with oncogenic factors,such as miR-210-3p,Oct4,AKT,COX-2,PDGF-C,PLDO3,M2 polarization,or ALK,leading to unfavorable survival.Reduced HIF-1α/VEGF expression correlates with FIH-1,ADNP,or STAT1 upregulation,as well as with clinical manifestations,like epileptogenicity,and a favorable prognosis of GBM.Based on our data,HIF-1αor VEGF immunophenotypes may be a useful tool to clarify MRI-PET imaging data distinguishing between GBM tumor progression and pseudoprogression.Finally,HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes can reflect GBM treatment efficacy,including combined first-line treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors,thimerosal,or an active metabolite of irinotecan,as well as STAT3 inhibitors alone,and resulting in a favorable tumor prognosis and patient survival.These data were supported by a combination of variable methods used to evaluate HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes.Data limitations may include the use of less sensitive detection methods in some cases.Overall,our data support HIF-1α/VEGF’s role as biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.

Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) is expressed in myocardial ischemia injury in vivo and in vitro

Introduction:Chemokine-like factor 1(CKLF1)is a chemokine that is overexpressed in several diseases.Our previousfindings revealed a significant increase in CKLF1 expression in the ischemic brain,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.Methods:In this study,we examined the expression dynamics of CKLF1 in both in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic cardiac injury.Myocardial infarction(MI)was induced in vivo by ligation of the left anterior descending artery(LAD)of the rat heart.The levels of CKLF1,Creatine Kinase MB Isoenzyme(CK-MB),and Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the serum were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of CKLF1 in the infarcted area was detected by immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,quantitative PCR(qPCR),and Western blotting(WB).H9C2 and AC16 cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD).LDH was used to detect cell damage,and CKLF1 expression was detected by qPCR and WB.Results:CKLF1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in h9c2 cells at 1.5 h and in AC16 cells at 4 h after OGD.The serum CK-MB in rats increased significantly on thefirst day after infarction,while the LDH concentration increased significantly on the third day after infarction.CKLF1 blood levels significantly increased on thefirst day following MI in rats.CKLF1 expression notably increased in the infarct area on days 1,3,and 7 post-MI.In MI tissue,CKLF1 colocalizes with cardiomyocytes,macrophages,and neutrophils.Conclusion:CKLF1 was substantially expressed during myocardial ischemia injury both in vivo and in vitro and was colocalized with macrophages and neutrophils,indicating that CKLF1 is expected to be a biomarker and a drug target for the treatment of myocardial infarction.

转染DPP-4 siRNA或(和)加入SP600125的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞极化及JNK/AP-1信号通路激活情况观察

目的观察转染二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)siRNA或(和)加入c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂(SP600125)的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞极化情况、JNK/AP-1信号通路激活情况。方法体外培养小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(MH-S),并随机分组:Control组转染空载siRNA、siDPP-4组转染DPP-4 siRNA、LPS组转染空载siRNA+LPS、siDPP-4+LPS组转染DPP-4 siRNA+LPS、LPS+SP600125组转染空载siRNA+LPS联合SP600125、siDPP-4+LPS+SP600125组转染DPP-4 siRNA+LPS联合SP600125。采用Western boltting法检测巨噬细胞中M1型和M2型极化标志物CD86、CD206蛋白及JNK、激活蛋白-1(AP-1)转录蛋白(c-Jun、c-Fos)磷酸化,RT-qPCR法检测巨噬细胞中M1型标志物(CD86、TNF-α、iNOS、IL-1β)和M2型标志物[CD206、精氨酸激酶-1(ARG-1)、IL-4、IL-10]mRNA,一氧化氮(NO)测定试剂盒、免疫荧光检测巨噬细胞上清液中M1型促炎因子NO和细胞内活性氧(ROS)生成情况。结果与Control组比较,LPS组M1型促炎型因子NO、ROS生成含量及M1型极化标志物(CD86蛋白及CD86、TNF-α、iNOS、IL-1βmRNA)表达升高,M2型极化标志物(CD206蛋白及CD206、ARG-1、IL-4、IL-10 mRNA)表达降低,P均<0.05。与LPS组比较,siDPP-4+LPS组M1型促炎型因子NO、ROS生成含量及M1型极化标志物(CD86蛋白及CD86、TNF-α、iNOS、IL-1βmRNA)表达升高,M2型极化标志物(CD206蛋白及CD206、ARG-1、IL-4、IL-10 mRNA)表达降低,P均<0.05。与LPS组比较,siDPP-4+LPS组p-JNK/JNK、p-c-Jun/c-Jun、p-c-Fos/c-Fos蛋白磷酸化相对表达量升高,P均<0.05。与siDPP-4+LPS组比较,siDPP-4+LPS+SP600125组p-JNK/JNK、p-c-Jun/c-Jun、p-c-Fos/c-Fos蛋白磷酸化相对表达量降低,P均<0.05。结论转染DPP-4 siRNA可促进LPS诱导的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞M1型极化,抑制肺泡巨噬细胞M2型极化,并增加JNK、c-Jun、c-Fos蛋白磷酸化表达;加入JNK抑制剂后,可降低由转染DPP-4 siRNA引起的JNK、c-Jun、c-Fos蛋白磷酸化表达升高。转染DPP-4 siRNA促进LPS诱导的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞M1型极化的作用机制可能与激活JNK/AP-1信号通路有关。

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1αin myocardial infarction

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF1)has a crucial function in the regulation of oxygen levels in mammalian cells,especially under hypoxic conditions.Its importance in cardiovascular diseases,particularly in cardiac ischemia,is because of its ability to alleviate cardiac dysfunction.The oxygen-responsive subunit,HIF1α,plays a crucial role in this process,as it has been shown to have cardioprotective effects in myocardial infarction through regulating the expression of genes affecting cellular survival,angiogenesis,and metabolism.Furthermore,HIF1αexpression induced reperfusion in the ischemic skeletal muscle,and hypoxic skin wounds in diabetic animal models showed reduced HIF1αexpression.Increased expression of HIF1αhas been shown to reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes during acute myocardial infarction.Genetic variations in HIF1αhave also been found to correlate with altered responses to ischemic cardiovascular disease.In addition,a link has been established between the circadian rhythm and hypoxic molecular signaling pathways,with HIF1αfunctioning as an oxygen sensor and circadian genes such as period circadian regulator 2 responding to changes in light.This editorial analyzes the relationship between HIF1αand the circadian rhythm and highlights its significance in myocardial adaptation to hypoxia.Understanding the changes in molecular signaling pathways associated with diseases,specifically cardiovascular diseases,provides the opportunity for innovative therapeutic interventions,especially in low-oxygen environments such as myocardial infarction.

The BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 participates in cotton response to drought stress

Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regulate plant response and defense to drought stress.Here we show that the BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 functions in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)response and defense to drought stress.Expression of GhBLH5-A05 in cotton was induced by drought stress.Overexpression of GhBLH5-A05 in both Arabidopsis and cotton increased drought tolerance,whereas silencing GhBLH5-A05 in cotton resulted in elevated sensitivity to drought stress.GhBLH5-A05 binds to cis elements in the promoters of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05 to activate the expression of these genes.GhBLH5-A05 interacted with the KNOX transcription factor GhKNAT6-A03.Co-expression of GhBLH5-A05 and GhKNAT6-A03 increased the transcription of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.We conclude that GhBLH5-A05 acts as a regulatory factor with GhKNAT6-A03 functioning in cotton response to drought stress by activating the expression of the drought-responsive genes GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 targets IGF1R signaling transduction to facilitate metastasis and imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are typical gastrointestinal tract neoplasms.Imatinib is the first-line therapy for GIST patients.Drug resistance limits the long-term effectiveness of imatinib.The regulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2)has been confirmed in various cancers and is related to resistance to chemotherapy and a worse prognosis.AIM To further investigate the mechanism of IGF2 specific to GISTs.METHODS IGF2 was screened and analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO:GSE225819)data.After IGF2 knockdown or overexpression by transfection,the phenotypes(proliferation,migration,invasion,apoptosis)of GIST cells were characterized by cell counting kit 8,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays.We used western blotting to evaluate pathway-associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated proteins.We injected transfected cells into nude mice to establish a tumor xenograft model and observed the occurrence and metastasis of GIST.RESULTS Data from the GEO indicated that IGF2 expression is high in GISTs,associated with liver metastasis,and closely related to drug resistance.GIST cells with high expression of IGF2 had increased proliferation and migration,invasiveness and EMT.Knockdown of IGF2 significantly inhibited those activities.In addition,OEIGF2 promoted GIST metastasis in vivo in nude mice.IGF2 activated IGF1R signaling in GIST cells,and IGF2/IGF1R-mediated glycolysis was required for GIST with liver metastasis.GIST cells with IGF2 knockdown were sensitive to imatinib treatment when IGF2 overexpression significantly raised imatinib resistance.Moreover,2-deoxy-D-glucose(a glycolysis inhibitor)treatment reversed IGF2 overexpressionmediated imatinib resistance in GISTs.CONCLUSION IGF2 targeting of IGF1R signaling inhibited metastasis and decreased imatinib resistance by driving glycolysis in GISTs.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibits ferroptosis following spinal cord injury by regulating heme oxygenase-1

Interfering with the ferroptosis pathway is a new strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Fibroblast growth factor 21 can inhibit ferro ptosis and promote neurofunctional recovery,while heme oxygenase-1 is a regulator of iron and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.The relationship between heme oxygenase-1and ferroptosis remains controve rsial.In this study,we used a spinal co rd injury rat model to show that the levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in spinal co rd tissue decreased after spinal cord injury.In addition,there was a significant aggravation of ferroptosis and a rapid increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression after spinal cord injury.Furthe r,heme oxygenase-1 aggravated fe rroptosis after spinal cord injury,while fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibited fe rroptosis by downregulating heme oxygenase-1.Thus,the activation of fibroblast growth factor 21 may provide a potential treatment for spinal co rd injury.These findings could provide a new potential mechanistic explanation for fibroblast growth factor 21 in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Assessment of Axial Power Peaking Factors in GHARR-1 LEU Core: A Decadal Simulation Analysis

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the axial power peaking factors (PPF) within the low-enriched uranium (LEU) core of the Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1). This study uses advanced simulation tools, like the MCNPX code for analysing neutron behavior and the PARET/ANL code for understanding power variations, to get a clearer picture of the reactor’s performance. The analysis covers the initial six years of GHARR-1’s operation and includes projections for its whole 60-year lifespan. We closely observed the patterns of both the highest and average PPFs at 21 axial nodes, with measurements taken every ten years. The findings of this study reveal important patterns in power distribution within the core, which are essential for improving the safety regulations and fuel management techniques of the reactor. We provide a meticulous approach, extensive data, and an analysis of the findings, highlighting the significance of continuous monitoring and analysis for proactive management of nuclear reactors. The findings of this study not only enhance our comprehension of nuclear reactor safety but also carry significant ramifications for sustainable energy progress in Ghana and the wider global context. Nuclear engineering is essential in tackling global concerns, such as the demand for clean and dependable energy sources. Research on optimising nuclear reactors, particularly in terms of safety and efficiency, is crucial for the ongoing advancement and acceptance of nuclear energy.

Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

Transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in senile acute myeloid leukemia and correlation with prognosis

BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a disease in which immature hematopoietic cells accumulate in the bone marrow and continuously expand,inhibiting hematopoiesis.The treatment and prognosis of this disease have always been unsatisfactory.AIM To investigate the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGFβ1)expression and prognosis in older adults with AML.METHODS This study enrolled 80 patients with AML(AML group),including 36 with complete response(AML-CR),23 with partial response(AML-PR),and 21 with no response(AML-NR).The expression levels of VEGF and TGFβ1 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 56 healthy controls.Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess overall survival(OS)and progression-or disease-free survival(DFS).Prognostic risk factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS The AML group showed a VEGF level of 2.68±0.16.VEGF expression was lower in patients with AML-CR than those with AML-PR or AML-NR(P<0.05).TGFβ1 expression in the AML group was 0.33±0.05.Patients with AML-CR showed a higher TGFβ1 expression than those with AML-PR or AML-NR(P<0.05).VEGF and TGFβ1 expression in patients with AML was significantly correlated with the counts of leukocytes,platelets,hemoglobin,and peripheral blood immature cells(P<0.05);Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high TGFβ1 expression had better OS and DFS than those with low TGFβ1 expression(P<0.05),whereas patients with low VEGF levels showed better OS and DFS than those with high VEGF levels(P<0.05).VEGF,TGFβ1,and platelet count were identified by the Cox proportional hazards model as independent risk factors for OS(P<0.05),while VEGF,TGFβ1,and white blood cell count were independent risk factors for DFS(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Decreased VEGF expression and increased TGFβ1 expression in patients with AML provide valuable references for determining and individualizing clinical treatment strategies.

Concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor mutation/c-ros oncogene 1 rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and c-ros oncogene 1(ROS1)rearrangement are key genetic alterations and predictive tumor markers for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and are typically considered to be mutually exc-lusive.EGFR/ROS1 co-mutation is a rare event,and the standard treatment appr-oach for such cases is still equivocal.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 64-year-old woman diagnosed with lung adenocar-cinoma,with concomitant EGFR L858R mutation and ROS1 rearrangement.The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy after surgery,but the disease prog-ressed.Following 1-month treatment with gefitinib,the disease progressed again.However,after switching to crizotinib,the lesion became stable.Currently,crizotinib has been administered for over 53 months with a remarkable treatment effect.CONCLUSION The efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and crizotinib was vastly different in this NSCLC patient with EGFR/ROS1 co-mutation.This report will aid future treatment of such patients.

Vitamin D deficiency and increased inflammatory factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 indicate severe leukoaraiosis in northern China

Background and objective:Commonly plaguing in the frigid zone of the world,vitamin D deficiency,as indicated by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D,exacerbated inflammatory responses and impaired endothelial function.Leukoaraiosis(LA)is a prevalent cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and is potentially associated with inflammatory responses.This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D on the severity of LA.Methods:Patients with LA were categorized based on 3.0 T brain MRI findings into mild(N=43),moderate(N=40),or severe groups(N=29)using the Fazekas scale(scoring 1-6).A control group consisting of 41 healthy individuals was included.Serum fibrinogen C,homocysteine,plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D,and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)levels were measured using ELISA.Results:All LA severity groups exhibited lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to the control group,with a more pronounced decrease observed as LA severity increased.Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was identified as an independent risk factor for LA(P<0.05)according to Multiple logistic regression analysis.Additionally,a negative association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vascular inflammatory factor ICAM-1.Conclusions:Disease severity positively correlated with levels of the inflammatory marker ICAM-1,worsening as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration decreased.Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D emerged as an independent risk factor for LA,potentially exacerbating the inflammatory response.These findings suggest 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach for LA.

姜黄素调控MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1信号通路抑制狼疮性肾炎小鼠炎性反应作用分析

目的 探讨姜黄素调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)/激活蛋白-1(AP-1)信号通路抑制狼疮性肾炎(lupus nephritis, LN)小鼠炎性反应作用。方法 LN小鼠16只分为LN组和实验组,各8只;C57BL/6小鼠8只作为对照组。实验组小鼠给予200 mg/kg姜黄素灌胃,1次/d;LN组和对照组小鼠灌胃等体积氯化钠溶液,1次/d;各组小鼠连续灌胃4周。运用全自动生化分析仪测定Scr和BUN水平;运用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒说明书测定尿蛋白水平;运用ELISA法测定白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-a (TNF-a)水平;运用Western Blot法测定MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1蛋白表达。结果 LN组和实验组Scr和BUN水平高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组Scr和BUN水平低于LN组(P<0.05)。LN组和实验组尿蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组尿蛋白水平低于LN组(P<0.05)。LN组和实验组血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平低于LN组(P<0.05)。LN组和实验组MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值低于LN组(P<0.05)。结论 姜黄素可通过下调MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1蛋白表达而抑制LN小鼠炎性反应,且可改善肾功能。

枸杞多糖通过调控TLR9/AP-1信号通路对变应性鼻炎大鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子及鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞炎症的影响

目的探究枸杞多糖通过调控Toll样受体9/激活蛋白-1(TLR9/AP-1)信号通路对变应性鼻炎大鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子、鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞炎症的影响。方法选取60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常(A)组,模型(B)组,糠酸莫米松(C)组,枸杞多糖(D)组,TLR9/AP-1信号通路抑制剂(E)组,TLR9/AP-1信号通路抑制剂联合枸杞多糖(F)组,每组各10只,对B、C、D、E、F组采用卵清蛋白致敏法建立变应性鼻炎模型,A组不建立该模型。建模成功后,对C组给予1喷/侧的糠酸莫米松喷鼻治疗,对D组灌胃100 mg/kg的枸杞多糖,对E组灌胃20 mg/kg AP-1抑制剂SP100030,对F组给予SP100030联合枸杞多糖,A、B组同期给予灌胃同体积生理盐水,对大鼠鼻部症状进行评分,HE染色法检测鼻黏膜组织病理形态及嗜酸性粒细胞并计数,ELISA法检测大鼠血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子水平,免疫印迹法检测鼻黏膜组织中TLR9/AP-1信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与A组相比,B组鼻部症状评分、鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞数目、血清IL-4含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清中INF-γ含量显著降低(P<0.05);与B组比较,C、D两组鼻部症状评分、鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞数目、血清IL-4含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清中INF-γ含量显著升高(P<0.05),且D组比C组变化显著(P<0.05);A组大鼠鼻黏膜组织结构完整,B组鼻黏膜上皮结构紊乱且不完整,出血及嗜酸性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润;与B组相比,C、D组病理状态明显改善,嗜酸性粒细胞明显减少;与A组比较,B组鼻黏膜组织中TLR9、AP-1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),与B组比较,C、D组鼻黏膜组织中TLR9、AP-1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),且D组比C组变化显著(P<0.05),而E组与D组相比无明显差异(P>0.05),F组比E组降低明显(P<0.05)。结论枸杞多糖可有效调控变应性鼻炎大鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子水平、减轻鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞炎症,其机制可能与抑制TLR9/AP-1信号通路有关。

麻杏解毒合剂通过p38MAPK/AP-1通路对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠炎性因子的调控作用研究

目的研究麻杏解毒合剂对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠炎性因子表达的影响,基于p38MAPK/AP-1通路研究其疗效机制。方法60只昆明种(KM)小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、p38MAPK抑制剂组及麻杏解毒合剂高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。采用模拟寒湿环境、表达h ACE2的重组腺相关病毒转导、SARS-CoV-2spike假病毒气管内给药建立小鼠冠状病毒肺炎模型。检测各组小鼠血清炎性因子、肺组织病理改变、肺组织p38MAPK、c-jun、c-fos的mRNA水平和蛋白表达情况。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达均显著升高(P<0.01),肺组织炎性改变明显,c-fos m RNA水平和p-p38、c-fos、c-jun蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,麻杏解毒合剂高、中剂量组小鼠血清炎性因子显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),小鼠肺组织炎性损伤明显减轻,同时肺组织中c-fos的mRNA水平和p-p38、c-fos的蛋白表达均显著下调(P<0.05)。结论麻杏解毒合剂能降低病毒性肺炎模型小鼠血清炎性因子水平,减轻肺组织炎性损伤,其疗效机制与抑制p38MAPK蛋白的磷酸化,下调AP-1通路mRNA及蛋白表达有关。