Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and a...Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.展开更多
Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aqu...Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aquaporins were initially identified as channels that allow water molecules to cross biological membranes,progress has been made in identifying various novel permeable substrates.Many studies have characterized the versatile physiological and biophysical functions of plant aquaporins.Here,we review the recent reports that highlight aquaporin-facilitated regulation of major physiological processes and stress tolerance throughout plant life cycles as well as the potential prospects and possibilities of applying aquaporins to improve agricultural productivity,food quality,environmental protection,and ecological conservation.展开更多
Aquaporins(AQPs)are one of the most ancient superfamily proteins,which are essential for maintaining the fluid homeostasis of most organisms against various environments.Here,the latest findings for function of AQPs i...Aquaporins(AQPs)are one of the most ancient superfamily proteins,which are essential for maintaining the fluid homeostasis of most organisms against various environments.Here,the latest findings for function of AQPs in cell signal transduction in plants are summarized.We also put forward several issues that still need to be addressed in the future.展开更多
Water channels or aquaporins are the main pathways of water transport. Both the existence and function of aquaporins in die guard cells of Vicia faba L. were investigated both by using RD28 cDNA and RD28 antibody as p...Water channels or aquaporins are the main pathways of water transport. Both the existence and function of aquaporins in die guard cells of Vicia faba L. were investigated both by using RD28 cDNA and RD28 antibody as probes, and by controlling stomatal movement as a parameter combined with antibody and inhibitor of aquaporins respectively. The results revealed that RD28 mRNA, encoding a plasma membrane aquaporin, expressed in ale mesophyll cells and vascular tissues of V. faba, especially in guard cells. And the location of RD28-like proteins was mainly on plasma membrane of guard cells. The addition of 25 mumol/L HgCl2, an aquaporin blocker, and antibody of RD28 as well, greatly suppressed the stomatal opening or guardcell protoplast swelling induced by fusicoccin and light, and closing induced by abscisic acid. However, 5 mmol/L, beta-mercaptoethanol, a reverse reagent of aquaporin blocker, reversed the inhibitory effect of HgCl2 Pretreatment oil stomatal opening ( i.e., HgCl2 was removed after HgCl2 pretreatment for 10 min). The results suggest that the aquaporins in V. faba are associated with stomatal movement.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot,...AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR in HCC samples and paired non-cancerous liver tissue samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. Nine nude mice were divided into control, Auphen-treated, and dbcAMP-treated groups (n = 3 for each group). AQP3 and AQP9 protein expression after induction of xenograft tumors was detected by IHC and mRNA by RT-PCR analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and histological evaluation were used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells, and the concentration of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using RT-PCR and an ELISA kit.RESULTS: The volumes and weights of tumors decreased significantly in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice compared with the control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of AQP3 were significantly lower in the Auphen treatment group, and levels of AQP9 were significantly higher in thedbcAMP treatment mice than in the control mice (P < 0.01). The reduction of AQP3 by Auphen and increase of AQP9 by dbcAMP in nude mice suppressed tumor growth of HCC, which resulted in reduced AFP levels in serum and tissues, and apoptosis of tumor cells in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice, when compared with control mice (P < 0.01). Compared with para-carcinoma tissues, AQP3 expression increased in tumor tissues whereas the expression of AQP9 decreased. By correlating clinicopathological and expression levels, we demonstrated that the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was correlated with clinical progression of HCC and disease outcomes.CONCLUSION: AQP3 increases in HCC while AQP9 decreases. Regulation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression by Auphen and dbcAMP inhibits the development and growth of HCC.展开更多
TO THE EDITOR Sir, I read with great interest the recently published article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Jin and co-workers on the cloning and characterization of porcine aquaporin 1 water channel from...TO THE EDITOR Sir, I read with great interest the recently published article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Jin and co-workers on the cloning and characterization of porcine aquaporin 1 water channel from the pig liver and studies on its expression in the porcine gastrointestinal system. The authors should be congratulated for making this important and valuable contribution to the field of aquaporin biology and porcine gastrointestinal physiology. However, there are a number of unresolved issues and controversies concerning the expression of aquaporins （especially aquaporin 1） in the gastrointestinal system that are worthy of additional comment and discussion by Jin and co-workers.展开更多
To investigate the role of AQP9 in brain edema, the expression of AQP9 in an infectious rat brain edema model induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was examined. Immuno- histochemistry and reverse tra...To investigate the role of AQP9 in brain edema, the expression of AQP9 in an infectious rat brain edema model induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was examined. Immuno- histochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis demonstrated that the expressions of AQP9 mRNA and protein at all observed intervals were significantly increased in LPS-treated animals in comparison with the control animals. Time-course analysis showed that the first signs of blood-brain barrier disruption and the increase of brain water content in LPS-treated animals were evident 6 h after LPS injection, with maximum value appearing at 12 h, which coincided with the expression profiles of AQP9 mRNA and protein in LPS-treated animals. The further correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations among the brain water content, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the enhanced expressions of AQP9 mRNA and protein in LPS-treated animals. These results suggested that the regulation of AQP9 expression may play im- portant roles in water movement and in brain metabolic homeostasis associated with the pathophysi- ology of brain edema induced by LPS injection.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to identify the roles of an aquaporin gene GhNIP5.1 in upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） by bioinformatics method, so as to provide theoretical basis for further research on aq...[Objective] The aim of this study was to identify the roles of an aquaporin gene GhNIP5.1 in upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） by bioinformatics method, so as to provide theoretical basis for further research on aquaporins in upland cotton. [Method] In silico molecular cloning was adopted to obtain an ORF sequence of GhNIP5.1 gene, which was then analyzed by the methods of bioinformatics. The coding region of GhNIP5.1 gene was obtained by analyzing the cotton genome se-quence published in NCBI. [Result] This cDNA sequence had a complete open reading frame of 897 bp and encoded 298 amino acid residues, including the con-served domain NPA （Asn-Pro-Ala） of MIP superfamily. The similarities of GhNIP5.1 deduced amino acid sequences from upland cotton with grape and Arabidopsis, were up to 89.3% and 83.2%, respectively. GhNIP5.1 was most similar in homology and 3-D structure of proteins to AtNIP5.1 among the nine members of NIP family in Arabidopsis. The coding region length of GhNIP5.1 gene was 2 067 bp, and it con-tained three introns and four exons. Al the exon-intron junctions of the gene con-tained the consensus splicing site pair GT-AG. [Conclusion] GhNIP5.1 gene probably has similar physiological functions with Arabidopsis AtNIP5.1.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the subcellular localization of aquaporins OsPIP2-6 in rice. [Method] A key rice aquaporins gene OsPIP2-6 was cloned and used for construction of a transient expression vector,whi...[Objective] This study was to explore the subcellular localization of aquaporins OsPIP2-6 in rice. [Method] A key rice aquaporins gene OsPIP2-6 was cloned and used for construction of a transient expression vector,which was then transformed into onion epidermis via particle bombardment for confocal microscopy analysis using YFP gene as a reporter gene. [Result] The results showed that rice aquaporins OsPIP2-6 was mainly located in the plasma membrane. [Conclusion] Our results provided theoretical basis for further understanding plant aquaporins.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Aquaporin-4 （AQP-4）, which is able to rapidly transport water within the brain, is highly expressed in brain tissue. It also plays an important role in the formation of cerebral edema following brain in...BACKGROUND： Aquaporin-4 （AQP-4）, which is able to rapidly transport water within the brain, is highly expressed in brain tissue. It also plays an important role in the formation of cerebral edema following brain injury. However, the role of AQP-4 in the formation of cerebral edema following severe bums remains unknown. OBJECTIVE： To study changes in AQP-4 protein and mRNA expression during formation of cerebral edema following severe burns, and to explore the correlation between AQP-4 protein and mRNA expression with plasma levels of arginine vasopressin （AVP）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University from 2007 to 2008. MATERIALS： Biotin-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibody was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology, China; in situ hybridization kit was provided by Wuhan Boster Biotechnology, China; rabbit anti-AQP-4 polyclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were provided by Chemicon, USA; AVP radioimmunoassay kit was provided by the Research Department of Neurobiology, the Second Military Medical University of Shanghai, China. METHODS： A total of 180 adult, healthy, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and burn groups with 30 rats in each group. The burn group was observed at five different time points： 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after burn. Hair on the mouse back was removed to expose skin on the back. After 1 day, skin with the hair removed was dipped into 100℃ water for 15 seconds to induce grade III bum injury that measures 30% of total bum surface area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain water content was measured using the dry-wet weight method. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; dynamic changes in plasma AVP were detected using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： Brain water content gradually increased following severe burn injury. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions were upregulated in the supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, hippocampus, choroid plexus, and cerebral cortex. Plasma AVP levels increased following burn injury. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions positively correlated with brain water content and AVP levels during formation of cerebral edema （r= 0.870, 0.848, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： AQP-4 participated in the formation of cerebral edema following burn injury. Plasma AVP upregulated AQP-4 expression in brain tissue, thereby promoting formation of cerebral edema.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to construct drought and saline-alkaline resistance plant expression vector with mannose as selective agent, and further breed unmarked resilient varieties. [ Method] The plant expression vect...[ Objective] The aim was to construct drought and saline-alkaline resistance plant expression vector with mannose as selective agent, and further breed unmarked resilient varieties. [ Method] The plant expression vector was constructed by using Chimonanthus praecox（ L. ）Link aquapor.in CpTIP cDNA and Escherichia coli pmi gene, combined stress resistance gene with mannose positive selection system. [ Result] The test successfully constructed the plant expression vector pPMI：：CpTIP. [ Conclusion] The constructed vector linked advantages of stress resistance gene and mannose positive selection system.展开更多
Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems ...Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems to occur because of aquaporins(AQPs). Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in AQPs may play an important role in pathogenesis. Here, we focus on changes in AQPs in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. In the present study, 32 of 35 mice developed diarrhea and mild dehydration within 24 hours after infection with rotavirus strain SA11. Intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation, malaligned villi, and atrophy. AQP1 expression was significantly attenuated in the ileum and colon in comparison with controls; likewise, AQP4 and-8 protein expression were significantly decreased in the colon of rotavirus diarrhea-infected mice. In contrast, AQP3 protein expression was significantly increased in the colon of rotavirus-infected mice in comparison with controls. These results indicate that rotavirus diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of AQP1,-4, and-8 expression. Therefore, AQPs play an important role in rotavirus diarrhea.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515111101,2022A1515110431).
文摘Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201104-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272048)to Xiaodong Ding。
文摘Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aquaporins were initially identified as channels that allow water molecules to cross biological membranes,progress has been made in identifying various novel permeable substrates.Many studies have characterized the versatile physiological and biophysical functions of plant aquaporins.Here,we review the recent reports that highlight aquaporin-facilitated regulation of major physiological processes and stress tolerance throughout plant life cycles as well as the potential prospects and possibilities of applying aquaporins to improve agricultural productivity,food quality,environmental protection,and ecological conservation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2018YFD1000400 and 2018YFD1000404)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872148)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31902054)General Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology and Innovation Commission(Grant No.21K270360620)。
文摘Aquaporins(AQPs)are one of the most ancient superfamily proteins,which are essential for maintaining the fluid homeostasis of most organisms against various environments.Here,the latest findings for function of AQPs in cell signal transduction in plants are summarized.We also put forward several issues that still need to be addressed in the future.
文摘Water channels or aquaporins are the main pathways of water transport. Both the existence and function of aquaporins in die guard cells of Vicia faba L. were investigated both by using RD28 cDNA and RD28 antibody as probes, and by controlling stomatal movement as a parameter combined with antibody and inhibitor of aquaporins respectively. The results revealed that RD28 mRNA, encoding a plasma membrane aquaporin, expressed in ale mesophyll cells and vascular tissues of V. faba, especially in guard cells. And the location of RD28-like proteins was mainly on plasma membrane of guard cells. The addition of 25 mumol/L HgCl2, an aquaporin blocker, and antibody of RD28 as well, greatly suppressed the stomatal opening or guardcell protoplast swelling induced by fusicoccin and light, and closing induced by abscisic acid. However, 5 mmol/L, beta-mercaptoethanol, a reverse reagent of aquaporin blocker, reversed the inhibitory effect of HgCl2 Pretreatment oil stomatal opening ( i.e., HgCl2 was removed after HgCl2 pretreatment for 10 min). The results suggest that the aquaporins in V. faba are associated with stomatal movement.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.13ZR1406700 and No.13DZ1930908
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR in HCC samples and paired non-cancerous liver tissue samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. Nine nude mice were divided into control, Auphen-treated, and dbcAMP-treated groups (n = 3 for each group). AQP3 and AQP9 protein expression after induction of xenograft tumors was detected by IHC and mRNA by RT-PCR analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and histological evaluation were used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells, and the concentration of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using RT-PCR and an ELISA kit.RESULTS: The volumes and weights of tumors decreased significantly in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice compared with the control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of AQP3 were significantly lower in the Auphen treatment group, and levels of AQP9 were significantly higher in thedbcAMP treatment mice than in the control mice (P < 0.01). The reduction of AQP3 by Auphen and increase of AQP9 by dbcAMP in nude mice suppressed tumor growth of HCC, which resulted in reduced AFP levels in serum and tissues, and apoptosis of tumor cells in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice, when compared with control mice (P < 0.01). Compared with para-carcinoma tissues, AQP3 expression increased in tumor tissues whereas the expression of AQP9 decreased. By correlating clinicopathological and expression levels, we demonstrated that the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was correlated with clinical progression of HCC and disease outcomes.CONCLUSION: AQP3 increases in HCC while AQP9 decreases. Regulation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression by Auphen and dbcAMP inhibits the development and growth of HCC.
文摘TO THE EDITOR Sir, I read with great interest the recently published article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Jin and co-workers on the cloning and characterization of porcine aquaporin 1 water channel from the pig liver and studies on its expression in the porcine gastrointestinal system. The authors should be congratulated for making this important and valuable contribution to the field of aquaporin biology and porcine gastrointestinal physiology. However, there are a number of unresolved issues and controversies concerning the expression of aquaporins （especially aquaporin 1） in the gastrointestinal system that are worthy of additional comment and discussion by Jin and co-workers.
基金supported by a grant for Scientific Research Program from the Health Bureau of Henan Province (No.200202)
文摘To investigate the role of AQP9 in brain edema, the expression of AQP9 in an infectious rat brain edema model induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was examined. Immuno- histochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis demonstrated that the expressions of AQP9 mRNA and protein at all observed intervals were significantly increased in LPS-treated animals in comparison with the control animals. Time-course analysis showed that the first signs of blood-brain barrier disruption and the increase of brain water content in LPS-treated animals were evident 6 h after LPS injection, with maximum value appearing at 12 h, which coincided with the expression profiles of AQP9 mRNA and protein in LPS-treated animals. The further correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations among the brain water content, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the enhanced expressions of AQP9 mRNA and protein in LPS-treated animals. These results suggested that the regulation of AQP9 expression may play im- portant roles in water movement and in brain metabolic homeostasis associated with the pathophysi- ology of brain edema induced by LPS injection.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301682)AgriculturalScience and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province[CX(12)3068]SpecialProject for Breeding and Cultivation of GMO Varieties(2011ZX08005-001)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to identify the roles of an aquaporin gene GhNIP5.1 in upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） by bioinformatics method, so as to provide theoretical basis for further research on aquaporins in upland cotton. [Method] In silico molecular cloning was adopted to obtain an ORF sequence of GhNIP5.1 gene, which was then analyzed by the methods of bioinformatics. The coding region of GhNIP5.1 gene was obtained by analyzing the cotton genome se-quence published in NCBI. [Result] This cDNA sequence had a complete open reading frame of 897 bp and encoded 298 amino acid residues, including the con-served domain NPA （Asn-Pro-Ala） of MIP superfamily. The similarities of GhNIP5.1 deduced amino acid sequences from upland cotton with grape and Arabidopsis, were up to 89.3% and 83.2%, respectively. GhNIP5.1 was most similar in homology and 3-D structure of proteins to AtNIP5.1 among the nine members of NIP family in Arabidopsis. The coding region length of GhNIP5.1 gene was 2 067 bp, and it con-tained three introns and four exons. Al the exon-intron junctions of the gene con-tained the consensus splicing site pair GT-AG. [Conclusion] GhNIP5.1 gene probably has similar physiological functions with Arabidopsis AtNIP5.1.
基金Supported by Program for Science and Technology Development in Shijiazhuang City(10120803)Doctoral Research Fund of Shijiazhuang University(2007012)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the subcellular localization of aquaporins OsPIP2-6 in rice. [Method] A key rice aquaporins gene OsPIP2-6 was cloned and used for construction of a transient expression vector,which was then transformed into onion epidermis via particle bombardment for confocal microscopy analysis using YFP gene as a reporter gene. [Result] The results showed that rice aquaporins OsPIP2-6 was mainly located in the plasma membrane. [Conclusion] Our results provided theoretical basis for further understanding plant aquaporins.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30470608, 30500171
文摘BACKGROUND： Aquaporin-4 （AQP-4）, which is able to rapidly transport water within the brain, is highly expressed in brain tissue. It also plays an important role in the formation of cerebral edema following brain injury. However, the role of AQP-4 in the formation of cerebral edema following severe bums remains unknown. OBJECTIVE： To study changes in AQP-4 protein and mRNA expression during formation of cerebral edema following severe burns, and to explore the correlation between AQP-4 protein and mRNA expression with plasma levels of arginine vasopressin （AVP）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University from 2007 to 2008. MATERIALS： Biotin-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibody was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology, China; in situ hybridization kit was provided by Wuhan Boster Biotechnology, China; rabbit anti-AQP-4 polyclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were provided by Chemicon, USA; AVP radioimmunoassay kit was provided by the Research Department of Neurobiology, the Second Military Medical University of Shanghai, China. METHODS： A total of 180 adult, healthy, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and burn groups with 30 rats in each group. The burn group was observed at five different time points： 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after burn. Hair on the mouse back was removed to expose skin on the back. After 1 day, skin with the hair removed was dipped into 100℃ water for 15 seconds to induce grade III bum injury that measures 30% of total bum surface area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain water content was measured using the dry-wet weight method. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; dynamic changes in plasma AVP were detected using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： Brain water content gradually increased following severe burn injury. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions were upregulated in the supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, hippocampus, choroid plexus, and cerebral cortex. Plasma AVP levels increased following burn injury. AQP-4 protein and mRNA expressions positively correlated with brain water content and AVP levels during formation of cerebral edema （r= 0.870, 0.848, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： AQP-4 participated in the formation of cerebral edema following burn injury. Plasma AVP upregulated AQP-4 expression in brain tissue, thereby promoting formation of cerebral edema.
基金Supported by Sub-project of Special Fund in Ministry of Agriculture of Transgenic Plants " Cultivation of New Varieties of Anti-adversity Transgenic Soybeans"(2008ZX08004-2)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to construct drought and saline-alkaline resistance plant expression vector with mannose as selective agent, and further breed unmarked resilient varieties. [ Method] The plant expression vector was constructed by using Chimonanthus praecox（ L. ）Link aquapor.in CpTIP cDNA and Escherichia coli pmi gene, combined stress resistance gene with mannose positive selection system. [ Result] The test successfully constructed the plant expression vector pPMI：：CpTIP. [ Conclusion] The constructed vector linked advantages of stress resistance gene and mannose positive selection system.
基金supported by funding from Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (grants:S2012010009211,S2012010009538)Key Specialty Projects of Guangzhou Board of Health (grant:20121A021014)
文摘Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems to occur because of aquaporins(AQPs). Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in AQPs may play an important role in pathogenesis. Here, we focus on changes in AQPs in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. In the present study, 32 of 35 mice developed diarrhea and mild dehydration within 24 hours after infection with rotavirus strain SA11. Intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation, malaligned villi, and atrophy. AQP1 expression was significantly attenuated in the ileum and colon in comparison with controls; likewise, AQP4 and-8 protein expression were significantly decreased in the colon of rotavirus diarrhea-infected mice. In contrast, AQP3 protein expression was significantly increased in the colon of rotavirus-infected mice in comparison with controls. These results indicate that rotavirus diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of AQP1,-4, and-8 expression. Therefore, AQPs play an important role in rotavirus diarrhea.
