The antioxidant status in human population based on the concept of prakruthi in Ayurveda

Objective:In the Ayurvedic system of medicine,body constitution(prakruthi) is said to play a vital role in the disease process as well as in its progression.Free radical toxicity is also involved in the etiopathogenesis of many disorders.Hence,in the present study an attempt has been made to correlate the body constitution type and the antioxidant status of that prakruthi.Methods:Healthy volunteers from Manipal University Campus, South Karnataka,India were classified into three main human constitutions(prakruthi) and their possible combinations and their serum total antioxidant activity was determined.Results:There was a significant negative correlation of the total antioxidant status with the pitta prakruthi whereas vata and kapha constitutions showed no significant correlation with the total antioxidant status.Conclusion:Ayurveda classifies each individual based on his/her prakruthi into three categories of Doshas:Vata,Pitta and Kapha(collectively known as Tridoshas ). The three Doshas are fundamental regulatory principles responsible for maintaining organism functioning and manifesting those characteristics typifying each individual,that is,in equilibrium Tridoshas signify health and an imbalance leads to disease.Thus,in this study a significantly decreased antioxidant status in the Pitta group would render them more susceptible to damage by oxidative stress.Hence,we suggest that supplementation with antioxidants of herbal(Ayurvedic) origin to such a group would prove to be beneficial - opening up the arena for pharmacogenomics and customized antioxidant drug administration based on the prakruthi of an individual.

Do Ayurveda drugs induce liver injury?

Drugs fulfilling the criterion of a standard drug wil always become panacea provided, if they are used properly. On the other hand, a poorly manufactured drug however used skillfully, will prove to be a poison.Texts of Ayurveda, do mention hazards of drugs, which are not properly manufactured or administered. Art of drug administration is unique in this ancient medical science that cautions towards concentrating on dose,indications, contra-indications, suitable vehicle, specific diet, certain restrictions etc., while administering medicines in suitable individuals. Though a huge amount of information is available and evidences are being generated on the usefulness of traditional practices in global healthcare; there is a need of generating awareness on Promoting rational use of traditional medicines in particular to Ayurvedic drugs. Conventional researchers wish to work on traditional formulations have to understand traditional principles and involve traditional physicians in their researches in the benefit of mankind.

Messages from the International Symposium on Ayurveda & Other Traditional Medicines,Jamnagar,India,January 2000

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical prac-tice in the world with a history of 5000 years. Vajikaranais a branch of Ayurveda dealing with male potency andfertility. Almost all male diseases and therapeutic mea-sures have been described here. In the International Symposium on Ayurveda andOther Traditional Medicines, two scientific Sessions wereexclusively devoted to Rasayana (rejuvenation) and Va-jikarana, conducted on January 5- 6, 2000 at GujaratAyurved University, Jamnagar under the patronship ofthe Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Dr. P. N. V. Kurup.Besides the Indian specialists, scientists from Australia,

A review on the citations of Daivavyapashraa Chikitsain Ayurveda

In Ayurveda,one can get an assortment of references regarding Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa(a treatment modality which is based on logic).Ayurveda always has given importance for the treatment by using multiple drugs which are of plant origin or mineral origin.Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa(a modality of treatment based on past deeds and pleasing of God)though mentioned as the first line of therapy nowhere in the famous Ayurvedic classics have explained it in detail.For this type of Chikitsa,the causes and the manifestation of the disease are to be analysed by taking the help of other sciences such as astrology.To conduct rituals,one has to be proficient in knowing and chanting hymns.It might be thereason for the less availability of description about Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the available Ayurvedic classics.Surprisingly an unpublished manuscript named Kashyapa Samhita deals with it enormously.It is exciting to know that the author of this manuscript has tried to analyse every disease uniquely.This paper deals with the references of Daivavyapasharaya Chikitsa in the available Ayurvedic classics as well as from an unpublished manuscript Kashyapa Samhita.

Ayurveda daily regimen practices (Dinacharya): a scientific system model approach suitable as a quaternary prevention strategy for non-communicable diseases

Background:Non-communicable or lifestyle diseases replaced infectious diseases at the end of the 20th century as the primary burden of disease worldwide,marking the epidemiological transition.The industrial revolution and technological advancements,as well as packaged processed foods,have greatly affected lifestyle,causing adverse health effects through chronic,low-level,and systemic inflammation known as“metaflammation”.The main contributors to lifestyle-related diseases are poor eating habits,physical inactivity,poor posture,and a disturbed biological clock.The study on lifestyle changes indicates that comprehensive lifestyle changes can prevent disease and reverse the progression of diseases like diabetes,heart disease,stroke,prostatic cancer and breast cancer.The concept of disease prevention is getting wider acceptability owing credit to early disease detection,better treatment modalities and reduced financial implications.However,the possible harms of over-testing and over-medicalization have led to the propagation of Quaternary prevention strategies.Ayurveda,too propagates the principle of health preservation,promotion,and disease prevention,along with early diagnosis and holistic disease management strategies,incorporating dietary and lifestyle components such as Dinacharya(daily regimen practices),Ritucharya(seasonal regimen practice).This paper critically explores the scientific relevance behind these ascribed daily regimen practices(Dinacharya)and their suitability as a quaternary prevention strategy and presents it for dialogue and research to the scientific community.Method:The classical texts of Ayurveda and the internet search engines were explored with keywords of relevant terms such as“research”“benefit”and“role in health”combined with the Ayurveda daily regimen terms and their English equivalents as provided in brackets and their different combinations and permutations,along with net surfing and hand search.The relevant articles were stored and screened for relevance and the matter is presented systematically for scientific deliberation principal findings–Ayurveda recognized the temporal effects of chronobiological cycles on human health and accordingly devised the daily regimen schedule,delineating the principles for healthy living and harmonization.The daily regimen practices of Ayurveda like timely sleeping,waking up early in the morning,proper defecation,massage,exercise,occupation,social bonding,appropriate dietary practices,etc.adopt a system biology approach with synchronization of chronobiological cycles,mind-body integration,system performance,and epigenetics,apart from other possible approaches and have considerable scientific evidence for the effectiveness as a quaternary prevention strategy.Conclusion:The adoption of these practices in the daily routine may play a crucial role in health preservation and disease prevention at all levels of preventive domains.However,prospective large scale,long-duration randomized controlled trials are yet needed to scientifically further establish the validity of the same.

Medical ethics w.s.r to ayurveda

With nearly 5,000,000 Indians dying due to medical negligence every year.there is a circular relationship between nature and humankind because human concepts are nature’s concepts. Human technological and economic inventiveness is no more than nature’s way of acting upon itself and shaping its own future. The outcome could be glorious success or disastrous failure - in either case, nature acting through humankind bears partial responsibility for the outcome. A basic knowledge of how judicial forums deal with the cases relating to medical negligence is of absolute necessity for doctors. The need for such knowledge is more now than before in light of higher premium being placed by the Indian forums on the value of human life and su ffering, and perhaps rightly so. Judicial forums, while seeking to identify delinquents and delinquency in the cases of medical negligence, actually aim at striking a careful balance between the autonomy of a doctor to make judgments and the rights of a patient to be dealt with fairly.Agadatantra one among eight branches of ayurveda has given good references in regard to medcal ethics and also how to overcome the burden of medical negligence merely by identifying the treating doctor.

Poison as a treatment with special reference to Ayurveda

Visha(POISON)are the substances which when administered prove fatal either sooner or later.This fatality is due to the qualities of visha that are exactly opposite to the nature of oja which is the vital component of life and causes destruction of life.Though they are previewed as visha,the same qualities can be utilized in the treat-ment after proper shodhana,which alters basic toxic properties like vyavaayi,vikasi,sookshma and yogavahi.Thus many visha are used in the formulations in order to increase the potency,bioavailability,therapeutic values.Hence Ayurveda highlights that when visha is utilized in a proper way can become the best medicine.Though basically they are visha,when properly administered along with pathyas they act as vishaghna,rasayana in many conditions.The present paper discusses about use of vi-sha in the making of formulations which are indicated in the untreated,chronic,auto immune diseases and also in acute management.

Cutaneous manifestations during recent pandemic,co-infection or pre or post COVID-19 manifestation-managed by Ayurveda

Background:Unique cutaneous manifestations simulating viral infection like intense itching,rashes,maculo popular eruptions etc are noted.Etiological factors,underlying pathology,prevalence,whether it manifests in initial stage or post covid or if it predicts associated severity,linked symptoms,later complications,adverse drug reactions and many other associated issues need to be reported and evaluated.Method:Reporting five cases with varied cutaneous manifestations during July 2020 from India.Frostbite like skin lesion,maculo papular eruptions in two cases,two rash like manifestations were considered and managed by Ayurveda.Patient who lived in same house as covid infected person,travelled from red zone,who tested positive for COVID-19 infection.Results:Itching and redness were the predominant symptoms which reduced quickly in 6 to 8 hours,eruptions gradually reduced in 3 to 6 days.Conclusions:Cutaneous mani-festations during the pandemic suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection 5 cases reported from India,managed by Ayurveda indicates post COVID-19 needs to be managed to improve quality of life and prevent further complications.

Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology

Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.

Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides:A narrative review

The rise of emerging infectious diseases has become notably prominent due to ecological changes and mutations in pathogens.The respiratory illness outbreak caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally.Natural products contain numerous structures and biological activities,offering ample options for discovering new antiviral drugs with unique targets and mechanisms.Andrographis paniculata has been utilized in Indian Ayurvedic,Swedish,Traditional Thai,and Chinese medicine to alleviate coughs,colds,and influenza symptoms.Early-stage laboratory studies indicate that this herbal extract may reduce inflammation and fever,and boost the body's natural defenses against viruses,potentially leading to symptom relief.This review aims to systematically present clinical trial data about antiviral herbal formulations derived from Andrographis paniculata,delineating the antiviral effects of both natural and synthetic derivatives,along with in silico analyses.

Neuroprotective potential of traditional Ayurvedic Kadha:age-related neurological disorders:a comprehensive literature review

Despite modern medicine’s advancements,age-related neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease remain challenging due to high costs,side effects,and limited accessibility.Ayurveda,a traditional Indian medicine system,offers Kadha tea as a potential herbal option.This review explores Kadha’s components(basil(Ocimum basilicum L.),black pepper(Piper nigrum L.),Cinnamon(Cinnamomum verum J.Presl),ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe),and raisin(Vitis vinifera L.))and their interaction with various neurological disorders.Studies suggest Kadha exhibits anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antiviral properties,potentially impacting Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,neurotoxicity,neuroinflammation,and brain trauma.By focusing on specific disease mechanisms and Kadha’s intergrade effects,this review aims to elucidate its potential role in managing age-related neurological disorders.

Plant-Based Rasayana Drugs from Ayurveda

Rasayana tantra is one of the eight specialties of Ayurveda.It is a specialized practice in the form of rejuvenative recipes,dietary regimen,special health promoting behaviour and drugs.Properly administered Rasayana can bestow the human being with several benefits like longevity,memory,intelligence,freedom from diseases,youthful age,excellence of luster,complexion and voice,optimum strength of physique and sense organs,respectability and brilliance.Various types of plant based Rasayana recipes are mentioned in Ayurveda. Review of the current literature available on Rasayanas indicates that anti-oxidant and immunomodulation are the most studied activities of the Rasayana drugs.Querying in Pubmed database on Rasayanas reveals that single plants as well as poly herbal formulations have been researched on.This article reviews the basics of Rasayana therapy and the published research on different Rasayana drugs for specific health conditions.It also provides the possible directions for future research.

中医学与印度阿育吠陀防治新型冠状病毒感染的研究主题及热点比较研究

目的:通过文献计量学方法分析并比较中医学与印度阿育吠陀防治新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染的研究主题和热点,为中医药创新发展提供参考。方法:计算机检索Web of Science核心合集数据库,获得中医学及阿育吠陀防治新冠病毒感染研究文献,利用CiteSpace 6.2.R7可视化软件,采用引文分析、共现分析及聚类分析等文献计量学分析方法,分析并对比2020-2023年新冠病毒感染中医学与阿育吠陀研究论文的分布情况及研究热点。结果:中医药防治新冠病毒感染研究相较于阿育吠陀相关研究发文数量更多(1177/259)、参与国家更多(74/31)、参与机构更广(610/327)。中医药防治新冠病毒感染研究主题涉及网络药理学、系统综述、血必净注射液、荟萃分析、人参皂苷、模拟研究、网络分子对接等,研究热点包括网络药理学、分子对接、植物药、系统评价、抗病毒、急性肺损伤、天然产物等。阿育吠陀防治新冠病毒感染研究主题涉及腺苷-磷酸、病毒感受态、阿育吠陀-64、植物提取物、药代动力学、瑜伽等,研究热点包括提取物、分子对接、睡茄、心叶青牛胆、药用植物、抗病毒活性、水提取物、临床试验、免疫调节活性等。结论:中医学与阿育吠陀均基于各自固有优势开展新冠病毒感染相关研究,研究重点均在防治而非诊断上。相较于阿育吠陀,中医学更擅长引进与吸收新技术方法以筛选具有活性成分的中药,且关注患者的免疫调节。阿育吠陀似乎更重视利用传统方法对患心理健康及创伤后应激的干预。

阿育吠陀国际化、标准化现状及与中医药的比较

阿育吠陀是印度有代表性的传统医学,近年其国际化及标准化发展迅速,与中医药学的交集日益增多,但是国内相关研究很少。通过分析印度政府、世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际标准化组织(ISO)相关文件,从与WHO合作、被其他国家认可、政府间国际平台推广及国际研究教育合作方面分析阿育吠陀在国际社会的推广应用情况,并从标准发布机构入手分析其国内标准化情况,同时与中医药在WHO和ISO国际标准化情况进行比较,为中医药学的相关领域发展提供参考与借鉴。

Evaluation of the effect of shodhana(detoxification)process using chromatographic profiling(HPTLC,HPLC,LC-MS,and GC-MS)and estimation of the content of toxic colchicine in Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers

Shodhana(purification/detoxification)is an important aspect of Ayurveda.It has been described in several important pieces of literature.In this study,we performed shodhana process on Langali(Gloriosa superba Linn.)tubers of family Liliaceae,a semi-woody herbaceous climber with significant therapeutic properties.We compared the unprocessed(before purification)and processed(after purification)samples based on the phytochemical,physicochemical,and chromatographic study,including HPTLC,HPLC,GC-MS and LC-MS.Significant changes were observed in profiling after the shodhana process.This plant contains colchicine,known for its toxic effects,particularly cardiotoxicity.Therefore,we quantified colchicine in the unprocessed and processed samples of Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers using HPLC method.Results showed that the percentage of colchicine was reduced by 13.67%in chloroform extract and 20.97%in ethanol extracts after the shodhana process.

阿育吠陀医学与藏医学、蒙医学的渊源关系

古印度作为世界四大文明古国之一,拥有独特的医学体系,其中阿育吠陀医学作为印度传统医学的主体,是历史最为悠久、具有代表性的医学体系。阿育吠陀医学、藏医学和蒙医学三者同为世界上较为古老的医学体系之一,相互之间存在着一定关联。藏医学与蒙医学皆不同程度地吸收阿育吠陀医学理论并结合自身特点从而进一步发展,藏医学也对蒙医学的发展有推进作用。从发展史、医学理论基础、针灸疗法、放血疗法、尿诊等方面对藏医学、蒙医学与阿育吠陀的区别与联系进行比较研究。

印度传统文化中的脉轮、脉道和脉敏

脉轮、脉道和脉敏是印度传统文化尤其是阿育吠陀和瑜伽的理论与实践中的重要内容。目前国内对脉轮有所认识,但是对脉道和脉敏了解有限。在整理国外相关文献基础上,介绍阿育吠陀中的相关内容,包括十四条主要脉道、一百零七个脉敏、脉轮、脉道和脉敏的连接关系,以及脉轮、脉道和脉敏在阿育吠陀及瑜伽中的应用。分析主流数据库中对于脉轮、脉道和脉敏疗效的评测研究,为我国民族传统医学藏医、蒙医、傣医以及中医学等研究者提供参考。

脉敏(Marma):阿育吠陀中的“腧穴”

脉敏在印度传统医学阿育吠陀中指人体上用于对疾病诊断治疗的许多脆弱或敏感部位。关于脉敏的知识是阿育吠陀理论和实践的重要基础,就像腧穴对于中医一样意义重大,但是目前国内对此研究很少。在学习和整理国外关于脉敏文献的基础上,介绍脉敏的含义、起源、发展和临床治疗方法等。阿育吠陀中重要脉敏的总数为107个,包括一系列的解剖结构如皮肤、骨骼、关节、神经和内脏。在阿育吠陀中通过对特定脉敏部位进行按摩、指压、元气疗愈、涂抹草药膏、刺脉放血、针刺、热疗或烧灼等操作以达到治疗目的。这些知识可为传统医学尤其是中医针灸按摩研究提供参考。

印度阿育吠陀脉诊术初探

脉诊术是阿育吠陀诊断方法中最重要的部分,但是目前文献中对此很少介绍和研究。介绍阿育吠陀脉诊术的起源和发展,概述阿育吠陀脉诊术中的脉象理论和诊脉方法。阿育吠陀脉诊理论认为脉象受人体内的三因及七界、个人的先天后天心理和精神状态、季节、每天时刻、个体性别、年龄、体质等因素支配,通过诊察手腕桡侧不同位置和脉深处的脉象变化,对疾病进行有效判断和预测。与中医脉诊相比较,二者有相似也有不同。阿育吠陀脉诊术可以为中医脉诊研究提供一定参考。

梵语-龟兹语文书PK AS 2B治风方考

梵语-龟兹语双语医学文书PK AS 2B共载有3颂药方,其内容与古印度阿育吠陀医学典籍《百医方》相对应。其中有1颂药方为治风方,属于阿育吠陀医学经典药方,同类药方还见于其他多部医典。该方治风理念既包含阿育吠陀医学思想,又包含佛教医学理念;同时该药方的梵语部分和龟兹语部分并不一一对应,反映出古代龟兹地区的医学在接受外来医药文化过程中的融合与创新。