Strengthening Active Aging through Older People’s Association and Economic Activity of the Older People in Nepal

Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.

Factors associated with active aging in Chinese elderly in rural areas of Xiangtan County,China

Objectives:To explore the level of active aging and correlates among rural elderly in Xiangtan County,China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to November 2019.A total of 945 rural elderly from 3 towns in Xiangtan County,China,were investigated by using the positive aging evaluation questionnaire(PAEQ),the activity of daily living scale(ADL),and the depression in old-age scale(DIA-S).Results:The average score in the PAEQ among the rural elderly of Xiangtan County was 72.81(range=21-105).A moderate negative correlation was found between the score in the PAEQ and those in the ADL(r=−0.361)and DIA-S(r=−0.495).Symptoms of depression(β:−0.321,P=0.001),number of chronic diseases(β:−0.281,P=0.001),subjective economic status(β:0.239,P=0.001),ADL(β:−0.196,P=0.001),education(β:0.126,P=0.001),number of children(β:0.097,P=0.001),and marital status(β:−0.060,P=0.001)were significantly associated with levels of active aging in rural elderly,whereas gender and age were not independently related to active aging.Conclusions:The level of active aging is at a moderately high level in the Chinese elderly in rural areas in Xiangtan County.The focus group of active aging in rural areas should be elderly people suffering from chronic diseases,physical decline,poor education and economic conditions,childlessness,and those without partners.

Public transport inclusion and active aging: A systematic review on elderly mobility

Global aging has brought attention to addressing the elderly mobility dilemma,and a commitment to address inclusive transport in aging.Transport inclusion for older adults aims at establishing an age-friendly transport system.As a direct policy goal and promoting active aging as an indirect social goal,to help older populations gain access to transport and social opportunities.Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge mapping over the past 30 years,this study visualizes the hotspots and trends in elderly mobility research.Through a qualitative analysis of 138 papers,this paper reviews the theoretical foundations for transport inclusion and three themes of elderly mobility research,proposes a framework for public transport(PT)inclusion research as well as future research directions.The study suggests that transport inclusion can help enhance elderly health,social participation,and subjective well-being.It can improve their travel opportunities for active aging in four ways:opportunity accessibility,physical accessibility,age-friendly informationalization,and cost affordability.Future research should pay attention to examining the mechanism of perceived transport inclusion on active aging,expanding the multilevel research space of the capability approach(CA),and exploring the subjectiveobjective integrated research model for PT inclusion.This research contributes to the overall knowledge of the theoretical and empirical researches on PT inclusion for the elderly and promotes the integrated application of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field.

Direct active soldering of Al_(0.3)CrFe _(1.5)MnNi_(0.5) high entropy alloy to 6061-Al using Sn-Ag-Ti active solder

Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 high entropy alloys(HEA)have special properties.The microstructures and shear strengths of HEA/HEA and HEA/6061-Al joints were determined after direct active soldering(DAS)in air with Sn3.5Ag4Ti active filler at 250°C for 60 s.The results showed that the diffusion of all alloying elements of the HEA alloy was sluggish in the joint area.The joint strengths of HEA/HEA and HEA/6061-Al samples,as analyzed by shear testing,were(14.20±1.63)and(15.70±1.35)MPa,respectively.Observation of the fracture section showed that the HEA/6061-Al soldered joints presented obvious semi-brittle fracture characteristics.

What Advice Can We Give to Optimize Our Patients＇ Odds of Aging with Better Health？

The world＇s population is ageing rapidly, which will have substantial consequences. According to WHO： ＂Process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age＂. The aim of this work is to make a literature review on key measures that contribute to healthy ageing. A search was conducted in the following databases： PubMed, Cochrane, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Trip Database, Guideline finders, NICE and WHO database, written in English and published in the last ten years. The following MeSH words were used： ＂healthy ageing＂. The search was conducted from July first till end of December 2015. Based on the articles searched there are many measures with potential to achieve gains in healthy ageing such as prevention of falls; vaccination; regular physical activity, eating fruits and vegetables daily, drinking alcohol moderately; never smoking; prevention of social isolation and social exclusion; prevention of elder maltreatment; public support for informal care giving and create strategies to ensure the quality of care for older people. Getting older can come with a variety of health challenges. In the daily practice of family doctor there are many effective interventions that can improve health and wellbeing in elderly people.

Protein Kinase Activity Changes in the Aging Brain

The aging process in mammals is correlated with changes in psychomotor performance, cognitive function, and ability to adapt to stress (Montgomery et al., 1982; Lorens et al., 1990). These changes may be related to alterations in neuronal tissue that occur during the aging process. The normal aging process may be conceived of as the neuronal cell’s increasing inability to maintain normal cellular function which ultimately results in a number of morphological and biochemical changes. Morphologically, there is a loss of neuronal cells with increasing age (Brizzee and

Intervention in the Loneliness of the Elderly What Strategies, Challenges and Rewards？

The new challenges that the phenomenon of demographic aging imposes on society in general, and health services in particular, can impact active and healthy aging. The project was implemented for two years （2012/2013） and aimed to combat loneliness in the elderly, which constitutes an obstacle to healthy and active aging. Decrease the sense of loneliness of individuals from 65 to 84 years of age, the project was made by using the health planning methodology, starting with a descriptive study （health diagnosis of the independent elderly population） followed by the development, implementation and evaluation of a community intervention project, which included home visits to the elderly, assessment of the level of loneliness in two different times （UCLA scale） and various intergenerational activities of social life （dancing, walking, online courses, games...） using a cross-section of partnerships and community involvement. There was a decrease from 62.8% to 41.9% in the reported overall feeling of loneliness of independent individuals between the ages of 65 and 84 years of age. There was an increase from 50.0% to 86.4% of seniors who now have dreams/life projects. The reduction of social and emotional isolation resulted in the promotion of social networks, which not only encouraged social interaction but also considered the elderly who live alone. The health gains arising from it are evidenced in contributing more proactively and the improvement of the quality of life in the elderly community.

Social Participation of Older Persons Based on Human Rights:Conception Renewal and Action Plan

Equal participation and the promotion of social integration are essential parts of human rights protection. The theory of the right to social participation of older persons from the perspective of age stratification hardly explains the real difficulties older persons face in participating in social life. Life course theory reveals that social participation is an intermediate link between individuals and the social environment, so it is a means for individuals to achieve specific objectives as they age. In this light, there are three main interpretations for expressions of social participation of older persons throughout history, namely participation in health-oriented toward treatment of physiological aging, participation in production oriented toward human resources development of older persons, and full participation based on human rights. In the context of mainstreaming human rights and active aging, full participation based on human rights should become the main concept of relevant academic exploration and policy practice. To this end, we should establish the principle of protecting the rights of the elderly to social participation and integration, examine the participation process from the perspective of dynamic development, and construct the participation protection mechanism in light of China’s conditions.

Promotion effect of adsorbed water/OH on the catalytic performance of Ag/activated carbon catalysts for CO preferential oxidation in excess H_2

Activated carbon （AC） supported silver catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation （PROX） in excess H2 was evaluated. Ag/AC catalysts, after reduction in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃） following heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ （He200H200）, exhibited the best catalytic properties. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） results indicated that silver oxides were produced during heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ which were reduced to metal silver nanoparticles in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃）, simultaneously generating the adsorbed water/OH. CO conversion was enhanced 40% after water treatment following heat treatment in He at 600 ℃. These results imply that the metal silver nanoparticles are the active species and the adsorbed water/OH has noticeable promotion effects on CO oxidation. However, the promotion effect is still limited compared to gold catalysts under the similar conditions, which may be the reason of low selectivity to CO oxidation in PROX over silver catalysts. The reported Ag/AC-S-He catalyst after He200H200 treatment displayed similar PROX of CO reaction properties to Ag/SiO2. This means that Ag/AC catalyst is also an efficient low-temperature CO oxidation catalyst.

Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Ageing： The Importance of Driving on Senior Living

This research aims to understand the psychological, the social and cognitive aspects of ageing and assess the relevance of driving a personal automobile to seniors. We know that biological ageing is an inescapable fact, but is there also a psychological and a cognitive ageing？ If so, is it related to getting older or to other factors？ How relevant is continuing to drive to seniors, and how can the activity influence psychological and cognitive types of their ageing and self well-being？ To answer these questions, we study several authors and concepts about mental health, development of ageing and their relationship to driving. We also explore psychological and cognitive changes associated with ageing, the principal behavioural changes of healthy senior people （with normal cognitive function） and MCI （mild cognitive impairment）, as well as how driving inhibition can induce and affect psychological and cognitive characteristics. We conclude that low mental functioning is caused by a set of biological, psychological and social factors, connected in turn to environmental factors. The slowdown of cognitive activities and performances in seniors is not inevitably accompanied by a decrease in intellectual capacity, low sensory acuity, or slowing psychomotor skills. Other factors should be considered--such as health status, limitations, anxiety, lack of interest, motivation and attitudes. The loss of cognitive abilities and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment increase with age and are a growing concern, especially among seniors who drive cars. However, we still lack specific evidence based on tests and criteria--in particular, on psychological and cognitive domains--to assess senior drivers actually at risk. It is important to establish a base of evidence to allow objective risk determination. The safest senior drivers should continue driving for as long as possible, thereby contributing to their mental health, independence and quality of life.

How Urban Residential Environment Influences the Emotional Health of the Elderly:An Exploration Based on Perception Survey

The daily emotional experience of the elderly is not only related to their mental health,but also influenced and restricted by the urban residential environment.Existing studies have discussed the correlation between residential environment and emotional health from the two perspectives of built and social environment,and a variety of theoretical explanations have been developed.However,it has no explicit and reliable empirical basis.In order to explore how residential environment influences the emotional health of the elderly,this paper conducts targeted empirical research on the issue.Based on the perception survey,the paper adopts the self-assessed health status,living conditions,and mobility capacity to reflect the emotional experience level of the elderly,and explores the statistical correlation between residential environment factors and the emotional health in combination with an analysis on built and social environment factors.It is found that the built and social environment factors have remarkable differences in their effects on the emotional health.In terms of the social environment,neighborhood involvement has wide positive effects on the self-assessment of all three aspects of health status,living conditions,and mobility capacity;while in terms of the built environment,the landscape of leisure places have positive effects on the self-assessment of both living conditions and mobility capacity.In the end,guided by the concept of active health,the paper puts forward the evidence-based planning strategy from the perspectives of leisure landscape,neighborhood involvement,and travel safety,with the hope to improve the residential environment of the elderly.