Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

Strengthening mechanism of T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy with increased pre-deformation

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy with increased pre-deformation(0-15%) were investigated,revealing the microstructure-strength relationship and the intrinsic strengthening mechanism.The results show that increasing the pre-deformation levels remarkably improves the strength of the alloy but deteriorates its ductility.Dislocations introduced by pre-deformation effectively suppress the formation of Guinier-Preston(GP) zones and provide more nucleation sites for T1 precipitates.This leads to more intensive and finer T1 precipitates in the samples with higher pre-deformation levels.Simultaneously,the enhanced precipitation of T1 precipitates and inhibited formation of GP zones cause the decreases in number and sizes of θ′ precipitates.The quantitative descriptions of the strength contributions from different strengthening mechanisms reveal that strengthening contributions from T1 and θ′ precipitates decrease with increasing pre-deformation.The reduced diameters of T1 precipitates are primarily responsible for their weakened strengthening effects.Therefore,the improved strength of the T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy is mainly attributed to the stronger strain hardening from the increased pre-deformation levels.

Corrosion behavior of 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys in different thermomechanical conditions by quasi-in-situ analysis

As a promising material in the aircraft industry,2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy exhibits high corrosion susceptibility that may limit its application.In the present work,to illustrate the influences of precipitate and grain-stored energy on localized corrosion evolution in 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy,cold working and artificial aging were carried out to produce 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys under different thermomechanical conditions.Quasi-in-situ analysis,traditional immersion test and electrochemical measurement were then conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of 2A97 alloys.It is revealed that precipitate significantly affects Cu enrichment at corrosion fronts,which determines corrosion susceptibility of alloys,whereas grain-stored energy distribution is closely associated with localized corrosion propagation.It is also indicated that quasi-in-situ analysis exhibits a consistent corrosion evolution with traditional immersion tests,which is regarded as a proper method to explore localized corrosion mechanisms by providing local microstructural information with enhanced time and spatial resolutions.

Improving comprehensive properties of Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy(SMA),multilayer graphene(MLG)carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG-Cu_(51)Zr_(14)composite powders.In the resultant novel MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites,MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu-Al-Mn matrix.MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu-Al-Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn interfaces.The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites are significantly improved.When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%,the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558,tensile strength of 801.5 MPa,elongation of 10.8%,and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained.On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures,combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals,the relevant mechanisms are discussed.

Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

Improvement of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zn alloys through water-cooling centrifugal casting technique

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zn alloys fabricated by conventional gravity casting and centrifugal casting techniques combined with rapid solidification were investigated.Experimental results demonstrated that compared with the gravity casting technique,the water-cooling centrifugal casting technique significantly reduces porosity,refinesα(Al)grains and secondary phases,modifies the morphology of secondary phases,and mitigates both macro-and micro-segregation.These improvements arise from the synergistic effects of the vigorous backflow,centrifugal field,vibration and rapid solidification.Porosity and coarse plate-like Al13Fe4/Al7Cu2Fe phase result in the fracture before the gravity-cast alloy reaches the yield point.The centrifugal-cast alloy,however,exhibits an ultra-high yield strength of 292.0 MPa and a moderate elongation of 6.1%.This high yield strength is attributed to solid solution strengthening(SSS)of 225.3 MPa,and grain boundary strengthening(GBS)of 35.7 MPa.Li contributes the most to SSS with a scaling factor of 7.9 MPa·wt.%^(-1).The elongation of the centrifugal-cast alloy can be effectively enhanced by reducing the porosity and segregation behavior,refining the microstructure and changing the morphology of secondary phases.

Microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions

The billets of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloys were prepared by semi-continuous direct chill casting （DCC）.The effects of trace Er on microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions were studied.The results show that the grain morphology is large dendritic structure and the grain size increases obviously by the addition of 0.5% Er.Moreover,most of Er element in the alloy segregates at grain boundary during solidification,resulting in ternary Al8Cu4Er phase.After homogenization,most of the MgZn2 phase at grain boundary has dissolved back to Al matrix in the two alloys.In the Er-containing alloy,the dissolution temperature of Al8Cu4Er phase is about 575 °C.Therefore,the homogenization treatment cannot eliminate Al8Cu4Er phase validity.

热挤压对快速凝固Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法制备了快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金,采用了SEM对其进行观察分析。结果表明,快速凝固能够极大细化Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金组织,抑制Si相及β-Fe相的析出长大,且组织的细化程度呈梯度分布。对快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金进行了不同工艺参数的热挤压实验。结果表明,粉末包套热挤压工艺能够使快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg带材合金致密化,当挤压温度为400℃、挤压比为1∶16时,合金获得了较优异的力学性能,其屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到了456 MPa和805 MPa,压缩率为9.3%。

高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金静态再结晶模型及组织演变

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对航空用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热变形行为进行了测试,对变形后的微观组织进行了表征,系统分析了静态软化行为,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明:实验用航空Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的静态再结晶激活能为129162 J·mol^(-1),静态再结晶体积分数受变形温度、变形程度、变形速率的影响,且变形温度对静态再结晶影响最明显;变形速率一定时,变形温度越高,道次停留时间的影响越不明显;350℃低温变形后,α-Al基体晶粒内部仍存在大量的位错缠结;400℃中温变形后,位错运动能够充分进行,部分晶粒发生了再结晶;450℃高温变形后,基体晶粒基本全部完成了再结晶,基体晶粒内部发现5~25 nm尺寸范围的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu四元相粒子;对于不同热变形条件,模型预测值的误差在0.008~0.0625范围内,动力学模型的计算结果精确度较高。

T6态热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金的低周疲劳行为

为了揭示经过T6处理的热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金在不同温度下的低周疲劳变形与断裂行为,对T6态热挤压合金进行了室温和200℃条件下的低周疲劳实验。结果表明:在室温和200℃下合金塑性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Coffin-Manson公式,而弹性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Basquin公式;合金在室温和200℃下低周疲劳变形时,在较低外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为平面滑移,而在较高外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为波状滑移;室温和200℃下合金的疲劳裂纹均萌生于疲劳试样表面并以穿晶方式扩展。

Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金固溶处理工艺研究

对铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金进行了双级固溶+时效处理,采用SEM、XRD、硬度测试等研究了双级固溶中第二级固溶温度和时间对铸态合金组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金组织主要由α-Al固溶体、块状初生Si相、针状共晶Si相以及网状第二相组成。经过双级固溶处理后,合金中块状初生Si相明显钝化,共晶Si相明显细化,网状第二相也显著碎化。490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶处理合金中网状相基本完全碎化,共晶Si相最为细小。随着双级固溶中第二级固溶温度的提高,固溶时间的延长,T6态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金的硬度先升高后降低,490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶+180℃×6 h时效处理合金的硬度最高,达到88.2 HRB。

Mn微合金化Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及耐蚀性能研究

Al-Si-Cu-Mg系列合金具有优异的强韧性,但其中的含Cu强化相极大地影响了该系合金的耐蚀性能。因此,本文通过对不同Mn含量的Al-7Si-2Cu-0.6Mg合金进行显微组织观察和电化学分析,探究Mn元素的添加对T6热处理状态下合金微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,Mn添加量的提高对合金显微硬度几乎没有影响,但在合金基体中可以观察到弥散相。随着Mn含量升高,合金的耐蚀性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。添加0.360%Mn(质量分数)合金具有最佳耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度比基础合金减少了54%。腐蚀形貌观察结果表明,Mn的添加可以显著减弱合金的点蚀趋势。

Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材不同热处理状态下的组织和力学性能研究

以厚度为3 mm的Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材为研究对象,利用EBSD技术对人工时效态(T6态)和退火态(O态)板材的微观组织进行分析;对T6态、O态、W态以及经过预拉伸变形和人工时效处理得到的T8态板材在室温下进行单向拉伸测试,研究不同热处理状态下板材的力学性能变化规律。结果表明:T6态和O态板材中都存在[001]方向的织构,且O态板材的织构更强。T6态板材的晶界以大角度晶界为主,O态板材的晶界以小角度晶界为主,且其晶粒尺寸远大于T6态板材。T6态和W态Al-Cu-Sc板材轧制方向与横向强度基本一样,而O态板材轧向强度明显高于横向。O态板材的强度最低,T6态板材的塑性最差,而W态板材具有最小的屈强比和最大的应变硬化指数n值,成形性能最好。此外,经过预拉伸和人工时效后得到的T8态板材强度显著提升,当预拉伸变形量为5%和7%时,T8态板材抗拉强度超过500 MPa。

PF-LBM耦合模型下Al-Cu合金的枝晶生长和气泡形成

基于Shan-Chen多相流的格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟复杂多相流系统,探索气泡在液相中的生长和运动.研究了Al-4.0wt.%Cu合金在凝固过程中枝晶与气泡的相互作用,各向异性对凝固组织的影响以及枝晶与气泡共存时溶液密度的变化情况.结果表明:在定向凝固枝晶生长模型中,气泡先在枝晶底部析出,压差导致气泡上升,流动的过程中会与枝晶产生相互作用且会出现气泡合并与消失的情况,在枝晶间密集通道处大气泡会变成蠕虫形状.模拟区域的高长比会影响枝晶和气泡的生长情况,当高长比较小时更容易产生短而小的气泡,高长比较大时更容易产生蠕虫状气泡.在等轴枝晶生长模型中,气泡在枝晶间析出,随着枝晶的生长,气泡同样会发生合并与消失的情况,并且在受到挤压时发生形变.

基于机器学习的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金快速设计

提出一种基于机器学习的合金快速设计系统(ARDS),以定制所需性能的合金制备策略或预测制备策略所对应的合金性能。为此,分别对3种回归算法:线性回归(LR)、支持向量回归(SVR)和人工神经网络(BPNN)进行建模和比较以训练多性能预测模型。其中,应用SVR构建的机器学习模型被证明是最佳的。然后,基于生成对抗网络(GAN)模型原理,构建Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金快速设计系统(ARDS)。对ARDS的预测可靠性进行验证。结果表明,为了能够获得准确的制备策略,系统中极限抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和伸长率(EL)的输入上限分别约为790 MPa、730 MPa和28%。此外,基于ARDS预测结果,制备了一种性能优异的新型铝合金材料,其UTS为764 MPa、YS为732 MPa、EL为10.1%,进一步验证了ARDS的可靠性。

Cu含量对Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性的影响

采用薄板叠层末端淬火的方法,通过强度测试、连续冷却转变(CCT)和时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线计算及X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等微观组织表征方法,研究了Cu含量(3.15%、3.63%和3.88%)对Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性的影响,结合理论分析,从析出驱动力和形核位点的角度分析了Cu含量影响淬火敏感性的机理。结果表明:随着Cu含量的增加,晶格畸变能增加,Li的溶解度降低,淬火态合金中位错和残留第二相增多,含Li相的析出驱动力和非均匀形核位点增加,淬火沉淀相增多;随着临界冷却速率的增大,鼻尖温度孕育期缩短,强度残存率减小,Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性提高。T8态合金强度受Cu含量和淬火速率共同作用,淬火速率较高时,主要受Cu含量的影响;淬火速率较低时,Cu含量的影响减小。

热处理工艺对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和万能拉伸试验机等研究了固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度以及时效时间等工艺参数对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度由500℃升高至545℃时,合金的共晶硅尺寸逐渐减小,545℃时共晶硅平均尺寸达到最小,超过550℃合金会发生部分过烧现象;固溶温度为545℃时,固溶时间由2 h增加至16 h,共晶硅尺寸随着固溶时间增加先减小后增大,固溶时间为12 h时,共晶硅的平均尺寸最小;时效处理后合金的硬度显著提升,时效温度由155℃升高至185℃时,峰值时效时间从8 h减少至4 h,在175℃时效时合金的峰值硬度最高;155℃时效时合金的组织中仅观察到β″相,在高于155℃峰值时效时组织中均观察到β″相与θ′相,实现了双析出相强化,175℃峰值时效时合金的抗拉强度可达365 MPa,但断后伸长率下降至2.1%。综合考虑合金的强度和韧性,合适的热处理工艺为545℃×12 h+165℃×8 h。

熔体保温和超声振动对Al-Cu-Mn合金组织与性能的协同作用

含特定Cu/Mn比的铝合金能够形成稳定的二十面体准晶相(I-Al_(65)Cu_(20)Mn_(15)),但是在常规凝固组织中准晶含量较低且尺寸粗大。本文以Al-Cu-Mn准晶合金为研究对象,研究在准晶I相形成温度区间进行熔体保温和超声振动对I相形貌与尺寸的影响规律。结果表明,随着熔体保温时间的延长,准晶I相尺寸呈先减小后增大的趋势,特别是保温时间为20 min时,准晶颗粒呈细小的花瓣状;对保温20 min后的合金熔体施加600 W功率的超声振动,准晶尺寸发生细化,但继续增大功率会导致I相粗化。

热暴露对Al-Cu-Li合金的组织及性能影响

Al-Cu-Li合金作为航空航天工业中一种前景广阔的结构材料,其热稳定性在实际应用中发挥着重要作用。本研究对T85态的Al-Cu-Li合金在一系列温度(100~300℃)下进行了500 h的暴露处理,并通过维氏硬度、电导率和拉伸测试对其性能进行了评估。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了不同热暴露温度下的微观结构演变。结果表明,热暴温度低于150℃时,合金具有良好的热稳定性,这与T1(Al_(2)CuLi)相的直径和数密度不断增加相关。当热暴露温度介于150~200℃时,T1相逐渐被粗大的θ’-Al_(2)Cu和S-Al_(2)CuMg取代;同时,断续的晶界析出物(GBPs)和宽的无析出区(PFZs)利于沿晶断裂,使合金呈现出沿晶-穿晶混合断裂,导致硬度和强度的降低和延伸率的增加。热暴露温度高于250℃时,T1相全部溶解,形成了粗大的T2(Al_(6)Cu(Li, Mg)_(3))和C相,从而导致合金的强度下降,但延伸率和电导率却表现出相反的趋势。

锌镁比对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金显微组织与耐腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过调整Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金中的Mg元素含量,研究了Zn/Mg比的变化对合金相演变以及腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相、Al_(3)(Er,Sc)相与含Fe相存在明显的伴生关系,二者依附于含Fe相生长。Zn/Mg比的变化可显著改变三者间的交互形式,高的Zn/Mg比例有利于稀土相独立生长,且在比值为4.18的条件下,Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相与含Fe相均得到了显著细化。细化的晶界第二相使腐蚀坑深度仅为82μm,而连续的伴生混合相、粗大稀土相等均会不同程度降低合金的耐蚀性能。