Al-Mg系合金中合金化元素作用及其对力学性能的影响

铝镁合金是轻量化材料应用领域中一种重要的金属材料,属于中高强度铝合金,具有较高的塑性、良好的耐蚀性以及优良的焊接性等优势,目前在航空航天、交通运输和军工制造等领域具有广阔的应用前景。笔者综述了铝镁合金力学性能特点以及用途,介绍了Al-Mg系合金中的强化机制,重点阐述了Al-Mg系合金中主合金化元素Mg及其含量对合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律及机理,详细论述了Mn、Zr、Ti、Sc、Er、Y等微合金化元素的作用以及对Al-Mg系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。最后,结合Al-Mg系合金当前研究现状,提出了今后值得研究的方向。

舰船用Al-Mg系铝合金

介绍了舰船用铝合金材料的选择原则、舰船用 Al-Mg 系铝合金硬化和稳定化热处理状态。阐述了轧制板材和挤压型材的成型和矫形处理工艺以及焊接工艺中常出现的问题。

二次时效对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金拉伸性能的影响研究

实验选用Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金板材为实验材料,对其时效工艺进行了研究。结果表明:第二次时效温度较低时,短时一次时效可获得较高的强度。

高镁Al-Mg系铝合金均匀化处理工艺

采用DSC、SEM、OM等技术手段对自行熔炼的高镁Al-6.5Mg-0.9Zn合金进行均匀化工艺研究,对合金过烧温度、晶粒形态及第二相组成等进行表征与分析。结果表明,Al-6.5Mg-0.9Zn合金铸态组织为类等轴晶组织,但晶界元素偏析严重,存在小区域的疏松缺陷。铸锭经435、442、449和456℃保温8 h的均匀化热处理之后,枝晶臂间距增大,晶粒尺寸由137.31μm增大至173.83μm,组织中残留相由连续分布转变为不连续分布,且组织中第二相含量由0.561%降至0.138%。经449℃保温8 h均匀化处理后的铸锭组织中未发现低熔点非平衡共晶相溶解峰,表明对于试验合金来说,以30℃/h升至449℃保温8 h的均匀化工艺最优。

5083合金铸块均热加热工艺研究

为节约能源,摸索出适宜的5083合金铸块均热加热制度,并对轧后表面质量和组织性能进行了对比,为5083合金现场生产提供合理的生产工艺参数。

国内耐蚀铸铝合金的发展

阐述了耐蚀铸铝合金从ZL301到ZL305再到ZL115、Al-Mg2-Si3型合金的发展过程,对各类耐蚀铸铝合金的成分特点、熔炼与热处理工艺,组织及性能特点进行了比较,并展望了耐蚀铸铝合金今后的研究发展方向。

合金元素在铝合金汽车结构件铸件的研究现状

汽车结构件常用铸造铝合金主要分为Al-Si系和Al-Mg系,综述了添加合金元素提高合金性能的常用手段。对于Al-Si系铸造铝合金,Si不仅可以提高铸造性能,还可以抑制针状Al5FeSi相的形成;Mg和Cu是主要的强化元素,可以形成Mg2Si相、Al2Cu相和Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6相;Mn和Mo主要抑制针状富铁相生成;V、Ti和Zr可以细化晶粒,从而提高力学性能。对于Al-Mg系铸造铝合金,当Si含量较高时,如Magsimal誖-plus(Al Mg6Si2MnZr)合金,Mg2Si相为主要强化相,为了避免针状富铁相的生成,Fe含量要求极低;当Fe含量较高时,如Castaduct誖-42(Al Mg4Fe2)合金,主要依靠Mg元素固溶在Al基体,并形成Al-Fe共晶相提高合金强度,Si元素为杂质元素,可以减少针状Al-Fe-Si相的生成。

First principles investigation of binary intermetallics in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy:Stability,electronic structures,elastic properties and thermodynamic properties

The structural stability, electronic structures, elastic properties and thermodynamic properties of the main binary phases Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy were determined from the first-principles calculation. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and literature values. The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies show that Al_2Ca has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. The densities of states（DOS）, Mulliken electron occupation number, metallicity and charge density difference of these compounds are given. The elastic constants of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca phases are calculated, and the bulk moduli, shear moduli, elastic moduli and Poisson ratio are derived. The calculations of thermodynamic properties show that the Gibbs free energies of Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are lower than that of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, which indicates that Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are more stable than Mg_（17）Al_（12） phase. Hence, the heat resistance of Mg-Al-based alloys can be improved by adding Ca and Sn additions.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys used for oil drill pipes

Three Al?Zn?Mg?Cu alloys used for oil drill pipes (Alloy A: Al?6.9Zn?2.3Mg?1.7Cu?0.3Mn?0.17Cr; Alloy B: Al?8.0Zn?2.3Mg?2.6Cu?0.2Zr, Alloy C: Al?8.0Zn?2.3Mg?1.8Cu?0.18Zr) were studied by hardness tests, tensile tests and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation for Alloys A, B and C are 736 MPa, 695.5 MPa and 7%; 711 MPa, 674 MPa and 12.5%; 740.5 MPa, 707.5 MPa and 13%, respectively after solid solution treatment ((450 °C, 2 h)+(470 °C, 1 h)) followed by aging at 120 °C for 12 h. The dominant strengthening phases in Alloy A are GPII zone andη′ phase, the main precipitate in Alloy B isη′ phase, and the main precipitates in Alloy C are GPI zone, GPII zone andη′ phase, which are the reason for better comprehensive properties of Alloy C. The increase of zinc content leads to the improvement of the strength. The increase of copper content improves the elongation but slightly decreases the strength. Large second-phase particles formed by the increase in the manganese content induce a decrease in the elongation of alloys.

Quality index and hot tearing susceptibility of Al-7Si-0.35Mg-xCu alloys

The effects of Cu addition（0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3%, mass fraction） on the quality index（Qi） and hot tearing susceptibility（HTS） of A356 alloy were investigated. According to the results, Cu addition up to 1.5% increases the Qi by almost 10%, which seems to be due to its solid solution strengthening and dispersion hardening effect of Cu-rich Al2Cu and AlMgCuSi compounds. However, further addition of Cu（up to 3%） decreases the Qi by almost 12%, which is likely due to the reduction of tensile strength and elongation caused by increased volume fraction of brittle Cu-rich intermetallics and microporosities in the microstructure. It is also found that Cu increases the HTS of A356 alloy measured by constrained rod casting method. According to the thermal analysis results, Cu widens the solidification range of the alloy, which in turn, decreases its fluidity and increases the time period during which the mushy-state alloy is exposed to the hot tearing susceptible zone. SEM examination of the hot tear surfaces in high-Cu alloys also demonstrates their rough nature and the occurrence of interdendritic/intergranular microcracks as convincing evidences for the initiation of hot tears in the late stages of solidification in which there is not enough time for crack healing.

Heat treatment of 7xxx series aluminium alloys—Some recent developments

The 7xxx series alloys are heat treatable wrought aluminium alloys based on the Al-Zn-Mg（-Cu） system. They are widely used in high-performance structural aerospace and transportation applications. Apart from compositional, casting and thermo-mechanical processing effects, the balance of properties is also significantly influenced by the way in which the materials are heat-treated. This paper describes the effects of homogenisation, solution treatment, quenching and ageing treatments on the evolution of the microstructure and properties of some important medium to high-strength 7xxx alloys. With a focus on recent work at Monash University, where the whole processing route from homogenisation to final ageing has been studied for thick plate products, it is reported how microstructural features such as dispersoids, coarse constituent particles, fine-scale precipitates, grain structure and grain boundary characteristics can be controlled by heat treatment to achieve improved microstructure-property combinations. In particular, the paper presents methods for dissolving unwanted coarse constituent particles by controlled high- temperature treatments, quench sensitivity evaluations based on a systematic study of continuous cooling precipitation behaviour, and ageing investigations of one-, two- and three-step ageing treatments using experimental and modelling approaches, in each case, the effects on both the microstructure and the resulting properties are discussed.

Intermetallic phase formation and evolution during homogenization and solution in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

The effects of major alloy element contents of Zn, Mg, Cu in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys on the formation and evolution of intermetallic phases during casting, homogenization and solution treatment have been investigated through using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results showed that a relatively higher Zn content with lower Mg and Cu contents was beneficial to the formation of MgZn2 phase instead of the A12CuMg phase, which resulted in the unicity of the intermetallics in the A1 matrix, and that the MgZn2 phase was easier for diffusion and dissolution during homogenization and solution than the Al2CuMg phase. Additionally, the results of the first-principles calculations gave support for explaining the experimental phenomena. A larger absolute value of formation enthalpy and a smaller value of binding energy of the MgZn2 phase, as compared with the Al2CuMg phase, give it priority to precipitate during casting and make it easier to re-dissolve during homogenization and solution treatment. What＇s more, higher elastic constants with severe anisotropy of Young＇s modulus make undissolved blocks of AI^CuMg phase act as crack initiation, which degrade the perfor- mance of the materials.