As for the present situation of coronal mass ejection （CME） triggering models, the distributions of Alfv@n waves in flux ropes are different from model to model, and thus examining those distributions in interplanet...As for the present situation of coronal mass ejection （CME） triggering models, the distributions of Alfv@n waves in flux ropes are different from model to model, and thus examining those distributions in interplanetary coronal mass ejection （ICME） is an effective way to connect ICME observations with these theoretical models of CME triggering. However, previous observations of Alfv@nic fluctuations in ICMEs were rare with locations ranging from 0.3 AU to 0.68 AU only, which is usually explained as rapid dissipation of those remnant waves. Here we present an observation of Alfv@n waves in a magnetic cloud （MC） near 1 AU, in situ detected by WIND in February 17,-~20, 2011. The MC was generated by a CME accompanied with the first X-class flare in the 24th solar cycle. The slope of the power spectral densities of magnetic fluctuation in the MC, are similar to those modes in ambient solar wind, but more anisotropic. The results will also be helpful for studies of CME theories and ICME thermodynamics.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2-D)and three-dimensional(3-D)hybrid simulations are carried out for mode conversion from fast mode compressional wave to kinetic Alfvn waves(KAWs)at the inhomogeneous magnetopause boundary.For cases i...Two-dimensional(2-D)and three-dimensional(3-D)hybrid simulations are carried out for mode conversion from fast mode compressional wave to kinetic Alfvn waves(KAWs)at the inhomogeneous magnetopause boundary.For cases in which the incident fast wave propagates in the xz plane,with the magnetopause normal along x and the background magnetic field pointing along z,the 2-D (xz)simulation shows that KAWs with large wave number kxρi～1 are generated near the Alfve′n resonance surface,whereρi is the ion Larmor radius.Several nonlinear wave properties are manifest in the mode conversion process.Harmonics of the driver frequency are generated.As a result of nonlinear wave interaction,the mode conversion region and its spectral width are broadened.In the 3-D simulation,after this first stage of the mode conversion to KAWs with large kx,a subsequent generation of KAW modes of finite ky is observed in the later stage,through a nonlinear parametric decay process.Since the nonlinear cascade to ky can lead to massive transport at the magnetopause,the simulation results provide an effective transport mechanism at the plasma boundaries in space as well as laboratory plasmas.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40974104,40731056,and 10975012)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20090001110012)National Key Basic Research Science Foundation of China (2011CB811400,2009GB105004)
文摘As for the present situation of coronal mass ejection （CME） triggering models, the distributions of Alfv@n waves in flux ropes are different from model to model, and thus examining those distributions in interplanetary coronal mass ejection （ICME） is an effective way to connect ICME observations with these theoretical models of CME triggering. However, previous observations of Alfv@nic fluctuations in ICMEs were rare with locations ranging from 0.3 AU to 0.68 AU only, which is usually explained as rapid dissipation of those remnant waves. Here we present an observation of Alfv@n waves in a magnetic cloud （MC） near 1 AU, in situ detected by WIND in February 17,-~20, 2011. The MC was generated by a CME accompanied with the first X-class flare in the 24th solar cycle. The slope of the power spectral densities of magnetic fluctuation in the MC, are similar to those modes in ambient solar wind, but more anisotropic. The results will also be helpful for studies of CME theories and ICME thermodynamics.
基金supported by NSFC grants(41028003 and 40890163)NSF grants(ATM-0852682 and ATM-0646442)+3 种基金NSF grant ATM0902730NASA grant NNX10AK97G to Auburn Universityat PPPL by NASA grants(NNG07EK69I,NNH07AF37I,NNH09AM53I,NNH09AK63I,and NNH11AQ46I)DOE con-tract DE-AC02-09CH11466
文摘Two-dimensional(2-D)and three-dimensional(3-D)hybrid simulations are carried out for mode conversion from fast mode compressional wave to kinetic Alfvn waves(KAWs)at the inhomogeneous magnetopause boundary.For cases in which the incident fast wave propagates in the xz plane,with the magnetopause normal along x and the background magnetic field pointing along z,the 2-D (xz)simulation shows that KAWs with large wave number kxρi～1 are generated near the Alfve′n resonance surface,whereρi is the ion Larmor radius.Several nonlinear wave properties are manifest in the mode conversion process.Harmonics of the driver frequency are generated.As a result of nonlinear wave interaction,the mode conversion region and its spectral width are broadened.In the 3-D simulation,after this first stage of the mode conversion to KAWs with large kx,a subsequent generation of KAW modes of finite ky is observed in the later stage,through a nonlinear parametric decay process.Since the nonlinear cascade to ky can lead to massive transport at the magnetopause,the simulation results provide an effective transport mechanism at the plasma boundaries in space as well as laboratory plasmas.
