Allium自膨胀覆膜支架治疗复杂性输尿管狭窄的远期安全性及有效性评价

目的:评估Allium自膨胀覆膜支架治疗复杂性输尿管狭窄的长期疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年12月,在重庆医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科置入Allium自膨胀覆膜支架的输尿管狭窄患者临床资料及长期随访结果。对符合正态分布的关键性指标行配对样本T检验,对不符合正态分布指标行相关样本非参数检验。结果:通过排除标准严格选择后,本研究共纳入22例通过内镜下Allium自膨胀覆膜支架置入的输尿管狭窄患者。平均年龄为(48.3±10.6)岁,中位随访时间为36.5个月。手术时间为86(35~270)min,围术期没有严重并发症发生。随访结果显示,有17例(77.3%)覆膜支架始终保持在位且通畅,其中16例随访终点时肾积水消失,1例由术前重度积水改善为轻度积水。1例患者因肾积水无法缓解选择拔出支架后行机器人输尿管重建手术。4例患者因并发结石取出支架,其中1例患者取出支架后无肾积水,1例患者积水减轻,其余2例患者仍为重度积水,但尿液排泄通畅无腰痛症状。随访期间患者未见明显手术并发症及严重支架管相关症状。患者的术前平均血肌酐浓度为(103.6±31.1)μmol/L,终末随访时血肌酐浓度下降为(102.2±27.7)μmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.942)。最大肾积水宽度术前为(5.9±2.1)cm,术后为(1.7±1.2)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。与术后相比,终末最大肾积水宽度为(0.35±0.25)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论:Allium自膨胀覆膜支架管在复杂输尿管狭窄治疗的长期观察中能有效改善患者肾积水。支架管症状、疼痛、感染等并发症保持较低的发生率,并且可长期留置,减少患者更换支架的频率。

Flower morphology of Allium(Amaryllidaceae)and its systematic significance

Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species.Although its morphology is well studied,the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits,including floral traits,are poorly understood.Here,we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 Allium taxa(belonging to 30 sections and nine subgenera)from Central to Eastern Asian countries.We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in Allium.We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg.Melanocrommyum,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa.In subg.Allium,Cepa,and Rhizirideum,significant characteristics include ovary shape,perianth shape,and inner tepal apex.For species in subg.Angunium,the key taxonomic character is ovule number(only one ovule in per locule).In the subg.Allium,Cepa,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa,which belong to the third evolutionary line of Allium,hood-like appendages occur in the ovary,although these do not occur in subg.Rhizirideum.Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished,e.g.,sect.Sacculiferum(subg.Cepa)and sect.Tenuissima(subg.Rhizirideum).This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions,habitats,and phenology of the studied taxa.

Integrating high-volume molecular and morphological data into the evolutionary studies of Allium

The genus Allium(Amaryllidaceae),which includes economically important plants such as onions,garlic,and leeks,is one of the most species-rich and diverse genera of monocotyledon plants in the Northern Hemisphere(Govaerts et al.,2021),with approximately 1000 species.The evolution of Allium is characterized by ecological diversification,with most species preferring open.

Phylotranscriptomic discordance is best explained by incomplete lineage sorting within Allium subgenus Cyathophora and thus hemiplasy accounts for interspecific trait transition

The transition of traits between genetically related lineages is a fascinating topic that provides clues to understanding the drivers of speciation and diversification.Much can be learned about this process from phylogeny-based trait evolution.However,such inference is often plagued by genome-wide gene-tree discordance(GTD),mostly due to incomplete lineage sorting(ILS)and/or introgressive hybridization,especially when the genes underlying the traits appear discordant.Here,by collecting transcriptomes,whole chloroplast genomes(cpDNA),and population genetic datasets,we used the coalescent model to turn GTD into a source of information for ILS and employed hemiplasy to explain specific cases of apparent“phylogenetic discordance”between different morphological traits and probable species phylogeny in the Allium subg.Cyathophora.Both concatenation and coalescence methods consistently showed the same phylogenetic topology for species tree inference based on single-copy genes(SCGs),as supported by the KS distribution.However,GTD was high across the genomes of subg.Cyathophora:~27%e38.9%of the SCG trees were in conflict with the species tree.Plasmid and nuclear incongruence was also present.Our coalescent simulations indicated that such GTD was mainly a product of ILS.Our hemiplasy risk factor calculations supported that random fixation of ancient polymorphisms in different populations during successive speciation events along the subg.Cyathophora phylogeny may have caused the character transition,as well as the anomalous cpDNA tree.Our study exemplifies how phylogenetic noise can be transformed into evolutionary information for understanding character state transitions along species phylogenies.

The Beneficial Effects of Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Poultry Industry

Plant-based antimicrobial agents are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit low toxicity, making them promising alternatives in combatting microbial infections. Among these plants, garlic (Allium sativum) stands out for its traditional medicinal use in effectively combating various microorganisms. In the poultry industry, preventing avian virus and bacterial infections is paramount for chicken husbandry. However, using conventional drugs poses potential risks to human health. Garlic, a widely used Asian plant in traditional medicine for various pathologies, has shown potential as an herbal prophylactic remedy against viral and bacterial infections. Recently, researchers explored garlic and its derivatives as a scientific strategy in veterinary practices for diverse purposes, such as improving poultry production characteristics and acting as antibiotic growth promoters. This comprehensive review delves into garlic and its derivatives as preventive and corrective treatments for viral diseases in laying hens and broilers. The paper highlights their potential effectiveness and safety as a natural means to enhance poultry health and welfare while mitigating the risks associated with conventional drug usage in the food industry.

Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization, Total Phenolic and Energy Value from Bulbs of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Senegal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g-1;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g-1. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g-1 respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g-1 compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g-1 of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of local varieties is between 502.16 ± 0.06 mg·100 g-1 and 582.77 ± 0.04 mg·100 g-1 while the imported variety has a content of 536.62 ± 1.30 mg·100 g-1. They note that the local varieties have a better calcium content (249.75 ± 0.07 to 434.20 ± 0.57 mg·100 g-1) and magnesium (142.15 ± 0.07 to 162.60 ± 0.42 mg·100 g-1) than the imported variety (229.58 ± 0.04 mg·100 g-1) except for the varieties White Grano (228.29 ± 0.01 mg·100 g-1) and Rouge Amposta (117.00 ± 0.42 mg·100 g-1) respectively. These results reveal that Gandiol, Dayo and Orient F1 are nutritionally found better due to their higher antioxidant property, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body.

Occurrence and Control of Main Pest Groups in Allium tuberosum Fields in Shijiazhuang

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the species and occurrence patterns of main pests in the Chinese chive(Allium tuberosum)fields in Shijiazhuang.[Methods]Our research group conducted a systematic investigation on the types and occurrence of major pests in Chinese chive fields in Shijiazhuang from April 2019 to November 2020 using the Malaise net method.[Results]The main pests harming Chinese chives in the region included Thrips tabaci,Bradysia odoriphaga,Luperomorpha suturalis,Acrolepla alliella,Liriomyza chinensis,and Neotoxoptera formosana.The pest populations in the region mainly experienced two peak periods,from mid June to mid July and from late August to late September.Meanwhile,corresponding green prevention and control measures were proposed based on the occurrence characteristics and biological characteristics of different pests in local chive fields.[Conclusions]Predicting the occurrence of pests in Chinese chive fields can provide basis for farmers to take timely prevention and control measures,reduce the damage of pests in the field to Chinese chives and realize high-quality production of Chinese chive.

Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效评价

目的初步评价置入Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年4月收治的39例诊断输尿管狭窄的患者资料,男22例,女17例;年龄18~67岁,平均(46±10)岁。术前B超及CTU检查均提示患侧肾脏积水,7例患者为双侧狭窄,共46侧输尿管狭窄。采用输尿管镜经尿道逆行置入Allium支架,均通过X线造影的方式确定狭窄部位并且在透视下留置支架。术后1个月及3个月复查B超、血肌酐,如出现反复发热或置入侧腰痛等梗阻症状则提前复查。随访观察疗效及并发症发生情况。结果本组46侧输尿管狭窄中,36侧输尿管狭窄置入1根Allium支架,3侧输尿管狭窄串联式置入2根Allium支架,7侧输尿管狭窄串联式置入3根Allium支架。术后随访3~9个月。4例患者术后1个月复查时仍提示患侧输尿管狭窄再次行Allium支架管置入,1例患者发生支架管移位后予以拔除支架,其余患者复查B超及血肌酐较术前均明显缓解,复查支架管位置正常。结论Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架用于治疗输尿管狭窄安全有效。对于长段输尿管狭窄,尤其是放疗后输尿管狭窄患者,需要多根串联置入,以达到理想的治疗效果。

Antibacterial Effect of Extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel

[Objective] Study on antibacterial activity and stability of the ethanol extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel.[Method] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel.(AMR)as experimental material,the antibacterial and stability test,antibacterial capacity and antibacterial activity substance stability of extracts were studied.[Result] Size order of antibacterial effect of extracts on these 5 strains tended to be:Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Penicillium sp.> Aspergillusniger> Staphylococcusaureus> Escherichia coli;under neutral or slight alkaline conditions,optimum antibacterial effect presented best;and UV light irradiation basically had no influence on tested strains.[Conclusion] Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract shows great difference among these strains,and antibacterial activity substance is of good heat and UV light stability.

Ultrastructural Observation on the Intra-and Intercellular Microtrabecular Network of the Pollen Mother Cells in Onion ( Allium cepa )

Using DGD embedment_free electron microscopy, ultrastructural observation on the intra_ and intercellular microtrabecular network (MN) of the pollen mother cells (PMC) of the whole meiotic prophase Ⅰ in onion ( Allium cepa L.) was performed. Complex nuclear MN was observed in the nucleus of PMCs, spreading throughout the nuclear region. The nucleolus and chromosomes were connected with the MN filament network. The uniformity of nuclear MN changed with the development of the PMCs. A lamina_like structure surrounded the nucleus and joined the MN in nucleus and in cytoplasm, but it disassembled at the end of prophase Ⅰ. There was also a complex cytoplasmic MN in PMCs, without obvious variation during the prophase Ⅰ. Furthermore, MN in cytoplasmic connections (plasmodesmata and cytoplasmic channels) was noticed to link the frameworks in two neighboring PMCs into one entity. Cytomixis was observed at synizesis of prophase Ⅰ in this experiment, and MN in cytoplasm and in nucleus was noticed to distribute in these granules which migrated from one PMC into its neighboring cell. At this time the nucleus moved aside from center of the PMC, but the rest of the cell was still fulfilled with MN filaments. The relationships of nuclear MN with nucleolus and chromosomes, lamina with nucleus, as well as intra_ and intercellular MN with cytomixis are discussed in this paper.

ALLIUM■覆膜输尿管支架治疗输尿管狭窄7例报告

目的:评估ALLIUM?覆膜输尿管支架(URS)治疗输尿管狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:2019年9-12月收治7例输尿管狭窄患者行ALLIUM?覆膜URS置入术。其中3例为宫颈癌术后放疗致单侧或双侧输尿管狭窄,2例为孤立肾先天性肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(UPJO)术后狭窄复发,1例为输尿管镜激光碎石术后单侧输尿管狭窄,1例为孤立肾合并盆腔脂肪增多症致输尿管壁内段狭窄。均采用URS(10~100 mm或10~120mm规格),全部支架经尿道逆行置入,先行球囊扩张,再置入URS。其中2例为双侧支架置入,1例单侧输尿管置入叠放2根URS。共置入10根,中位随访时间4个月(4~7个月)。结果:6例术后肾积水即刻明显缓解,无尿外渗,无腰部胀痛,无血尿和泌尿系感染,1例出现轻度盆腔积液,所有患者通过腹部X线平片和CT证实对狭窄病变的完全支撑。中位术后住院时间3d。随访中2例观察到支架移位,其中1例术后2个月支架脱落至膀胱内,后通过膀胱镜安全移除。另1例支架随肾结石下移后出现输尿管不完全梗阻,予以输尿管镜激光碎石处理。其余支架在随访中位置良好,患者未出现腰痛、血尿、尿路刺激症等不适。结论:短期结果显示ALLIUM?覆膜URS治疗输尿管狭窄安全有效,但仍需更多的病例和更长时间的随访证实疗效。

内镜下Allium尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄长期留置安全性及有效性分析

目的探讨内镜下Allium尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄长期留置安全性及有效性。方法回顾性选择于2018年8月至2020年8月北京市大兴区人民医院与北京大学人民医院收治的输尿管狭窄患者35例,均行内镜下Allium尿管支架置入治疗。记录患者手术时间和术后并发症情况;比较术前和术后6个月肾功能指标变化,血红蛋白水平和肾积水宽度及生活质量变化。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,其中17例患者输尿管狭窄位于输尿管下段,11例患者位于输尿管中段,7例患者位于输尿管上段。术后随访6个月,置入成功率为100%,手术时间为(94.52±19.83)min,术后均未出现相关并发症。术后6个月血肌酐和尿素氮为(115.42±18.39)μmol/L、(8.98±1.54)mmol/L,均低于术前[(138.35±23.54)μmol/L和(12.12±1.87)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,血红蛋白[(123.18±14.35)g/L]较术前[(125.23±18.93)g/L]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月肾积水宽度为(1.65±0.39)cm,低于术前[(2.74±0.46)cm],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,情感功能、社会功能、心理功能和生理功能为(67.94±8.42)、(65.24±7.23)、(70.12±8.49)、(68.42±6.63)分,高于术前[(43.24±7.58)、(47.38±6.52)、(41.32±5.94)和(38.94±5.87)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内镜下Allium尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄长期留置安全性良好,且具有良好有效性。

Effects of Cadmium Pollution in Soil on Physiological and Biochemical Index of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution in soil on physiological and biochemical index of Allium sativum L. and provided reference for the recovery of cadmium pollution in soil. [Method]By setting eleven Cd concentrations from 0.21 to 500 mg/kg in soil and the pot test, ecological corresponding mechanism of plant height, chlorophyll (Chl) content, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Allium sativum L. was analyzed. [Result] The plant height had a strong tolerance to cadmium pollution in soil, while the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a content had no significant difference compared with control treatment, except Cd concentration was 500 mg/kg. The high Cd concentration would increase the damage to membrane of Allium sativum L. however with the regulation of physiological mechanism, the damage was gradually decreased.[Conclusion] Allium sativum L. had strong eco-physiological adaptability to Cd contaminated soil and it had potential for recovering Cd contaminated soil.

Allium球部尿道支架用于男性复发性复杂尿道狭窄的治疗体会

目的:初步评价置入Allium球部尿道支架治疗男性复发性复杂尿道狭窄的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析2020年2月至2022年12月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的外伤骨盆骨折术后患者15例,其中14例曾行尿道成形术,1例行尿道狭窄内切开术2次,8例有多次尿道狭窄球囊扩张病史。采用全麻下经尿道输尿管镜下球囊扩张尿道狭窄后置入Allium支架,7例患者经会阴部固定支架,8例未行固定。术后第一天夹闭膀胱造瘘管,开始观察患者的排尿情况,并行骨盆平片了解Allium支架位置。门诊随访尿流率,观察疗效及并发症发生情况。结果:13例患者术后第1天即可排尿,8例患者术后4d~3个月因支架发生远端移位进行调整或更换新支架,其中包括2例之前已行支架固定的患者,2例出现排尿不适,1例发生明显肉眼血尿,4例术后息肉堵塞支架,1例支架内膜多发细小结石。留置时间为2~11个月,平均5.5个月,平均随访11.9个月(2~24个月),术后最大尿流率(Qmax)平均值为10.6ml/s,排尿满意者8例(53.3%)。结论:Allium球部尿道支架治疗失败的主要原因与术后支架移位有关,可临时用于治疗尿道成形术后复发而不愿或不适宜手术的患者。

输尿管镜下逆行放置Allium覆膜尿路支架系统治疗输尿管单处顽固性狭窄的临床观察

目的:观察输尿管镜下逆行放置Allium覆膜尿路支架系统(以下简称Allium支架)治疗输尿管单处顽固性狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析17例接受Allium支架治疗的输尿管单处顽固性狭窄患者的临床资料。记录患者术后并发症和手术前、后肾积水情况等。结果:对所有患者均一期手术成功。并发症发生率为23.5%。患者术前、术后肾积水情况中位数分别为27和20 mm,术后情况较术前显著改善(P<0.001)。结论:Allium支架对输尿管狭窄段的扩张、支撑效果较好,为慢性、复杂性输尿管狭窄患者提供了一种有价值的治疗选择。由于该支架放置时间尚短,远期效果还待进一步的随访观察。

The Structural Transformation of Nucleolar DNA and Its Arrangement in Nucleolus of Allium cepa Cells

By using the DNA specific cytochemical staining method (NAMA_Ur) and conventional electron microscopic technique, the authors examined the configuration of intranucleolar DNA in Allium cepa L. cells and found that nucleolar DNA within the fibrillar center (FC) underwent a structural transformation process from condensed to extended state. The authors' observations also displayed a continuous arrangement process of nucleolar DNA, i.e., the extranucleolar DNA entered FC through the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) channel, then extended to the periphery of FC or to the border between FC and dense fibrillar component (DFC), and distributed along the periphery of FC. Thence, by passing through the NOR channel between FCs, the nucleolar DNA continued to transfer to other FCs and arranged in the same above_mentioned forms.

Discovery of Triploid Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province

[Objective]The study was to analyze the karyotype of Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province.[ Method] The root tip of A. macrostemon was pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, fixed, dissociated and stained for preparing the glass slide to reveal the chromosome number via the microscopic examination; the sparse cells with good chromosome morphology were photographed under microscope. [ Result ]Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City introduced in this study was tdploid; its somatic chromosome number was 24 and karyotype formula was K（2n） =3x=24m（2SAT） ＋ 1Bs, thus the karyotype belongs to 1A type. One of the chromosome No. 3 contained satellite, and chromosome deletion may be existed in one of the chromosome No. 5. In addition, B chromosome was observed in some cells.[ Conclusion] This introduction of triploid A. macrostemon found in China was the first time.

Dynamic Study of Microbial Population and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the changes in microbial population and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of two cultivars of Allium sativum L.at different growth stages.[Method]By using white garlic and purple garlic as the experimental materials,the microbial population,and the activities of urease,acid phosphatase and catalase in their rhizosphere soil at different growth stages were measured.[Result]The root exudates of the two garlic cultivars could promote the growth of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and indirectly increase the urease,acid phosphatase and catalase activities in the rhizosphere soil,thereby improving the turnover and circulation of the soil nutrition elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus,and providing a better micro-ecological environment for the later crop.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the ecological research on garlic used as a preceding crop.

XCAP-C-like Protein Existing in Nuclei and Chromosomes of Allium sativa

In studying the XCAP-C-like protein in the root meristematic cells of Allium sativa L., the nuclei were isolated from the cells and the nuclear matrices prepared. A 165 kD polypeptide, which is equivalent to XCAP-C in molecular weight, was demonstrated in the nuclei by SDS-PAGE, and was then proved to be an XCAP-C-like protein by Western blot using an anti-XCAP-C antiserum, but neither the polypeptide nor the XCAP-C-like protein was detected in die nuclear matrix. The nuclei, Chromosomes and chromosome scaffolds were observed to emanate strong, specific fluorescence after labeled with the anti-XCAP-C antiserum and an FITC-conjugated secondary antibody, indicating their containment of the XCAP-C-like protein. It was confirmed by viewing with immunoelectron microscopy that the gold particles representing the localization of the XCAP-C-like protein were found to be mainly distributed in the condensed chromatin regions of the nuclei and chromosomes.

浑善达克沙地4种葱属(Allium L.)植物的花粉形态研究

本文通过采用扫描电镜(SEM),对浑善达克沙地葱属(AlliumL.)4种植物的花粉形态进行了详细的观察描述。掌握了它们在扫描电镜水平上的形状、大小、表面纹饰、萌发器官类型及数量等形态特征。为生态建设、环境保护、地质地貌、植物分类及遗传育种等相关研究提供了可靠的孢粉学参考。